Transgenic 5 × FAD mice are APP/PS1 transgenic mice carrying five familial Alzheimer's disease(AD)gene mutations.Beta-amyloid precursor protein(amyloid precursor protein,APP)expression is related to the K670N/M671L(Swedish),1716V(Florida),and V7171(London)mutations,and presenilin 1(PSI)is affected by the M146L and L286V mutations.5 × FAD mice express high levels of β-amyloid in the brain at 1.5 months old,and neuritic plaques began to appear at 2 months old.The pathological phenotypes of 5 × FAD mice include amyloid plaque aggregation,neuronal loss,gliosis,and memory dysfunction,while their biological characteristics include changes in the formation of brain β-amyloid plaques,hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein,synaptic dysfunction,neuroinflammatory response,mitochondrial dysfunction,blood-brain barrier injury,neuronal injury,endoplasmic reticulum stress,and eye lesions.As a classic animal model of AD,5 × FAD transgenic mice can simulate the neuropathological process and behavioral manifestations of late-stage AD in humans,and these mice are thus widely used in research into the pathogenesis of AD and the development of new drugs.In this review,we summarize the model construction,biological background,and biological characteristics of 5 x FAD transgenic mice,and the development and application of drugs for the prevention and treatment of AD,to provide references for the application of 5 x FAD transgenic transgenic mice in AD research.

Tourette syndrome(TS)is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder.Acupuncture can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of TS patients.This article systematically summarized the clinical research status of acupuncture for the treatment of TS in recent years from the aspects of characteristic acupuncture methods,characteristic needles and comprehensive therapies,and put forward suggestions and prospects for systematically elaborating the peripheral-central mechanism of acupuncture for TS around the intestinal immunity and brain network mechanism in the future,so as to provide reference for optimizing clinical research and treatment.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) and hepatic fibrosis and skeletal muscle mass in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods:A total of 685 T2DM patients diagnosed at the Endocrinology department of Lanzhou University First Hospital, from April 2022 to May 2023, were divided into NAFLD and Non-NAFLD groups, and the NAFLD group was further categorized into fibrosis and non-fibrosis based on aspartate aminotransferase(AST) /alanine aminotransferase(ALT) level. The differences in appendicular skeletal muscle mass(ASM), appendicular skeletal muscle mass index(ASMI), and the prevalence of muscle mass loss were compared across groups. The correlations between ASMI and NAFLD, as well as liver fibrosis were analyzed by binary logistic regression.Results:Among male T2DM patients, those with NAFLD had lower ASMI levels and a higher prevalence of muscle mass reduction compared to non-NAFLD group. Among female T2DM patients, those with NAFLD had lower levels of ASM and ASMI, and a higher prevalence of muscle mass reduction compared to non-NAFLD group. ASMI levels in both male and female T2DM patients were independently negatively correlated with NAFLD risk( OR=-0.696, 95% CI 0.579-0.837; OR=-0.757, 95% CI 0.629-0.911). In NAFLD patients, ASM and ASMI levels were lower in those with liver fibrosis compared to those without fibrosis; however, the prevalence of muscle mass reduction did not differ significantly. Among male NAFLD patients, ASMI levels were independently negatively correlated with the risk of liver fibrosis( OR=-0.726, 95% CI 0.537-0.983), while no correlation was found in female patients. Conclusion:Reduced muscle mass is independently associated with the risk of NAFLD in both male and female T2DM patients. In males, reduced muscle mass is also independently related to the risk of liver fibrosis.

The annual incidence of neurodegenerative disease has been increasing with the aging of the global population,seriously affecting the quality of life of elderly patients and imposing a heavy burden on society.Glycyrrhetinic acid,which inhibits neuroinflammation and protects neurons,is one of the main active ingredients of the traditional Chinese medicine Glycyrrhiza glabra.Increasing numbers of studies are focusing on the mechanism of action of glycyrrhetinic acid and its derivatives in neurodegenerative disease.This review summarizes studies on the effects and mechanisms of action of glycyrrhetinic acid and its derivatives in Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,multiple sclerosis,and cerebellar atrophy.Additionally,the future applications of glycyrrhetinic acid and its derivatives in neurodegenerative disorders are discussed.

Objective To develop an intelligent management system of documents and records that meets the requirements of ISO 15189 quality management system applied to regional medical laboratory center.Methods Based on the relevant terms of ISO 15189 document and record,an intelligent management system for laboratory documents and records with B/S architecture was established by the help of computer technology.Results The document and record management system stored the quality system documents required for ISO 15189 review as well as the external documents,such as laboratory-related laws and regulations,standard guidelines and expert consensus,which can be accessed by users through a computer or mobile phone.The multi-process control mode was adopted to author-ize the special personnel to complete the compiling,review,approval and,release of the files according to the type and attribute of the documents.The management system of records established 9 special records,319 form records and 20 process records to support the ef-fective operation of the quality system.Conclusion The established intelligent management system for documents and records has fully met the requirements of ISO 15189 on documents and records management,realized the sharing and interconnection of the documents in the given region.It is convenient for the employees to consult the documents and fill in the records in a timely and efficient manner.

Objective:To examine the effect of applying clinical pathway model in the cultivation of humanistic care ability of nursing college students in clinical practical teaching.Methods:The study collected 52 nursing students who practiced in the department of gynecology of a tertiary first-class hospital in Xi’an from July to October, 2017 as the control group, and 52 nursing students who practiced in the same unit from July to October, 2018 were selected as the experimental group. The control group adopted the teaching method of infiltrating humanistic care education into the training process of operational skills, while the experimental group adopted the teaching method of cultivating humanistic care ability of nursing college students through clinical pathway. The differences of humanistic care ability scores between the two groups were compared. SPSS 19.0 was used for t test. Results:Before the internship, there was no statistically significant difference in humanistic care scores between the two groups ( P>0.05). After the internship, the total scores of nursing students in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Applying the clinical pathway model to the cultivation of humanistic care ability of nursing students in clinical practice teaching is a new cultivation model of humanistic care ability, which is helpful to improve the humanistic care ability of nursing students.

Objective:To observe the expression of miRNA in retinal tissue of mice with oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR), and screen miRNAs related to p21 and retinal neovascularization (RNV) formation.Methods:A experimental study. Forty healthy 7-day-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal group and OIR group, with 20 mice in each group. The oxygen induced RNV model was constructed in the OIR group, and no treatment was performed in the normal group. At the age of 17 days, the mice were killed and the RNV of mice was observed by retinal fluorescence; the nuclei of vascular endothelium that broke through the inner limiting membrane of retina were counted under light microscope. The retinal tissues were taken for miRNA chip analysis to detect the differentially expressed miRNAs between the normal group and the OIR group. The resulting differential miRNA target genes were subjected to enrichment analysis based on gene annotation (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG); miRNAs and pathways that may be related to p21 were screened through Targetscan, MiRanda and MicroT-CDs database alignment. Independent sample t-test was used for pairwise comparison between groups. Results:Compared with the normal group, the area of nonperfusion area, RNV and the number of vascular endothelial nuclei that broke through the inner limiting membrane of the retina in the OIR group increased significantly, differences were statistically significant ( t=18.800, 9.025; P<0.05). Compared with the normal group, there were 54 miRNAs that were statistically differentially expressed in the OIR group, of which 47 were up-regulated and 7 were down-regulated. A total of 13 miRNAs related to p21 were screened from the alignment results of the three databases with the obtained differential miRNAs. According to the difference multiples, they were miR-7218-5p, miR-322-5p, miR-224-5p, miR-335-5p, miR-329-3p, miR-362-3p, miR-532-5p, miR-20b-5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-195a-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-497a-5p, and miR-129-5p. Differential miRNA target gene enrichment analysis yielded 1 112 go entries and 50 KEGG pathways, of which 50 go entries and 13 KEGG pathways were related to p21. Conclusion:13 miRNAs related to p21 were screened out in the OIR model.

Objective:To analyze the expression of miRNA involved in regulating retinal neovascularizationin in retinal tissue of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mice.Methods:Eighty healthy C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group and OIR group at postnatal day 7(P7). Control group were not received any treatment and then exposed to room air. The OIR group was exposed to (75±2)% oxygen and then under room air at P12. Mice of all groups were euthanized at P17. Retinal neovasculation (RNV) was evaluated by counting the number of pre-retinal neovascular cells and analysing no perfusion area by immunofluorescent staining of the mouse retina.Total RNA was extracted from retinal tissue,and miRNA microarrays was performed to identify differentially expressed miRNA in the two groups. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed differential microRNA.Results:Compared with the control group,the retinal neovascular tufts and the no perfusion area were both significantly smaller than those in OIR group. The number of pre-retinal neovascular cell nuclei in retinas from control group were obviously lower than those in the retinas from OIR group ( t=9.025, P<0.05). MiRNA microarray analysis showed that 54 miRNA in OIR group showed statistically different expression in control group, 47 miRNA were up-regulated and 7 miRNA were down-regulated. The results of PCR were consistent with the trend of microarray. In GO analysis, 1112 items were significantly different ( P<0.05), and 65 items were significantly different in KEGG analysis of expression profile ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The miRNA expression in retinal tissue of OIR mice is different from that of normal mice, and these miRNA may be involved in the development of RNV. There are 54 miRNA expression differences in retinal tissue of OIR compared with normal mouse retinal tissue.

Septic cardiomyopathy is one of the most common complications of sepsis in clinics. Up to now, the pathogenesis of septic cardiomyopathy has not been fully elucidated, and the clinical mortality has been at a relatively high level in patients with organ injury caused by sepsis, so that improving the cardiac dysfunction and myocardial injury of septic patients is of great significance in improving their prognoses. In this article, the related literatures regarding the research and therapeutic progress of septic cardiomyopathy in traditional Chinese and western medicine in recent years were read and summarized.

To develop a clinical diagnosis technique for bluetongue virus infection, we established serotype-specific methods to detect serotype 4 of bluetongue virus (BTV-4). Two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against VP2 protein of BTV-4, named 4A-1G7 and 4B-1B6, were used as competitive antibodies in the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (C-ELISA). We detected 50 negative serum samples from sheep, goats and cattle by C-ELISA. The cut-off values of 4A-1G7 and 4B-1B6 mAbs were 49% and 40%, respectively. The results of the sensitivity, specificity and repeatability by detecting standard positive serum, were consistent with the general standard of Office International Des Epizooties. Furthermore, serum samples of BTV-4, BTV-18 and BTV-20 infection could be screened out through the combined C-ELISAs by 4A-1G7 and 4B-1B6 mAbs. Thus, this technique may diagnose BTV-4, BTV-18 and BTV-20 infections.