Osteoporosis （OP） is a systemic metabolic disease with a strong correlation with age. The prevalence of osteoporosis is rising annually as a consequence of the growing issue of population ageing. The current treatments for OP have numerous shortcomings. In contrast， traditional Chinese medicine has a long history and a rich species diversity. Furthermore， recent years have seen an increase in the number of studies examining the anti-OP properties of traditional Chinese medicine. This may provide a safe and effective alternative strategy for the treatment of OP. The zebrafish， due to its favourable optical transparency and high homology with human genes， has been extensively employed as an animal research model in the investigation of human skeletal-related disease mechanisms and drug screening. This paper presents a review of anti-osteoporosis studies of traditional Chinese medicine using zebrafish as a model for osteoporosis. It also provides a summary of the experimental evaluation methods involved in such studies， an analysis of the current status of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of osteoporosis using zebrafish as a model， and a summary of the mechanism of action and the signalling pathways involved in traditional Chinese medicine in the anti-osteoporosis treatment of zebrafish. The current research status of Chinese medicine in the treatment of OP was analysed， as well as the mechanism of action of Chinese medicine against OP and the signalling pathways involved. Furthermore， the advantages and disadvantages of various zebrafish modelling methods of OP were compared with those of traditional animal models. The objective of this study is to provide a reference for the evaluation method of the zebrafish model in the study of bone-related diseases， as well as for the study of the mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine against OP and for the reference of the research and development of new drugs.

Objective:To investigate the association between plasma anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH) levels and ischemic stroke.Methods:In this case-control study, 93 ischemic stroke patients were randomly selected as the case group from a study on the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome, which was conducted in 2018-2019 in Changshu, Jiangsu Province, while 372 nonischemic stroke patients were selected as the control group according to the principle of 1∶4 matching.An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure plasma AMH levels.The conditional logistic regression model and restricted cubic spline were used to analyze the relationship between AMH levels and ischemic stroke.Results:A total of 465 subjects with an average age of (68.7±7.4)years were included in this study, of whom 215(46.2%)were men and 250(53.8%)were women.According to our conditional Logistic regression analysis, the risk of ischemic stroke was reduced by 44% for every unit increase in the log-AMH level( OR=0.56, 95% CI: 0.37-0.85)in the overall population after multivariate adjustment.Compared with the tertile with the lowest AMH level, the risk of ischemic stroke in the tertile with the highest AMH level decreased significantly( OR=0.37, 95% CI: 0.19-0.69). When subgrouped by sex, the tertiles with the highest AMH levels were associated with a 66% lower risk of ischemic stroke in men( OR=0.34, 95% CI: 0.13-0.88)and a 64% lower risk of ischemic stroke in women( OR=0.36, 95% CI: 0.15-0.87), compared with the tertiles with the lowest AMH levels.The results of restricted cubic spline analysis showed that there was a linear dose-response relationship between plasma AMH levels and ischemic stroke both in the general population and in male or female population( Pvalues for linear trends were 0.0002, 0.008 and 0.007, respectively). Conclusions:Higher plasma AMH levels decrease the risk of ischemic stroke with a dose-response pattern.

Objective:To analyze the status quo, hotspots and fronts of emergency nursing training research at home and abroad in the past ten years, and to provide reference and ideas for the efficient development of emergency nursing training in China.Methods:CiteSpace 6.2.R2 software was used to visually analyze the Chinese and English literatures on emergency nursing training included in CNKI and Web of Science core databases from January 1, 2013 to June 1, 2023.Results:A total of 1 177 Chinese literatures and 1 163 English literatures were included. The number of foreign articles in this field increased year by year, while the number of domestic articles showed a downward trend since 2018. There were many stable core author groups and core institution groups in foreign countries, while there was less cooperation among domestic authors and institutions. The common research hotspots and frontiers at home and abroad focused on broadening the training audience of emergency nursing, innovating the training methods of emergency nursing, strengthening the evaluation of the effect of emergency nursing training, and paying attention to the training experience and needs of nurses. Foreign researches also focused on specialized nurses, interprofessional education and nurses′mental health, etc, and the research direction was diversified.Conclusions:The development stages of emergency nursing training researches at home and abroad are different, and the research hotspots are different. In the future, we should learn from foreign research, strengthen interdisciplinary cooperation, improve the depth and breadth of research, and strengthen the cooperation between authors, institutions and countries to promote the high-quality development of emergency nursing training research in China.

Autism spectrum disorder(ASD) comprises neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by core symptoms of social communication disorders, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors.With increasing incidence year by year, ASD may persist throughout life.The current clinical treatment is mainly behavioral intervention, occasionally supplemented with medication to treat the accompanying symptoms, such as irritability, paresthesia, sleep disorders, and gastrointestinal diseases, but there is still a lack of specific drugs targeting the core symptoms of ASD.Bumetanide, an U. S.Food and Drug Administration-approved diuretic, has been proposed as a candidate to treat the core symptoms of ASD.This article mainly reviews the latest research progress on Bumetanide treatment of core symptoms in children with ASD, providing a theoretical basis for the research and application of Bumetanide.

Traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome (TSOFS) is a symptom complex caused by nerve entrapment in the supraorbital fissure after skull base trauma. If the compressed cranial nerve in the supraorbital fissure is not decompressed surgically, ptosis, diplopia and eye movement disorder may exist for a long time and seriously affect the patients′ quality of life. Since its overall incidence is not high, it is not familiarized with the majority of neurosurgeons and some TSOFS may be complicated with skull base vascular injury. If the supraorbital fissure surgery is performed without treatment of vascular injury, it may cause massive hemorrhage, and disability and even life-threatening in severe cases. At present, there is no consensus or guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS that can be referred to both domestically and internationally. To improve the understanding of TSOFS among clinical physicians and establish standardized diagnosis and treatment plans, the Skull Base Trauma Group of the Neurorepair Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Neurosurgery Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Traumatology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome ( version 2024) based on evidence of evidence-based medicine and clinical experience of diagnosis and treatment. This consensus puts forward 12 recommendations on the diagnosis, classification, treatment, efficacy evaluation and follow-up of TSOFS, aiming to provide references for neurosurgeons from hospitals of all levels to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS.

Dengue fever，caused by the dengue virus，is an acute viral infectious disease，which frequently outbreaks in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide，and has become a significant global health burden and threat. The development of dengue vaccines and antiviral drugs has made rapid and significant progress recently. The existing CYD-TDV vaccine is primarily suitable for individuals prior infection，while vaccines such as TAK-003 and Butantan-DV have demonstrated good safety and efficacy in uninfected individuals of different age groups；several other types of dengue vaccines have also entered clinical research stages. For antiviral drugs，an oral antiviral drug JNJ-1802 has shown significant antiviral activity against the dengue virus and good tolerability in clinical trials. It has now entered community field research to validate its effectiveness in real-world settings. Several other drugs are also under continuous development. This article reviews the research progress in the development of vaccines and antiviral drugs for dengue fever to provide reference for further study and clinical application.

Objective To report two cases of meningitis caused by Corynebacterium and review relevant literature to enhance clinical awareness of the pathogenicity of Corynebacterium species.Methods The clinical details were reported for 2 cases of meningitis caused by Corynebacterium.Similar case reports were retrieved from PubMed,CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,and CBM databases using search terms"Corynebacterium meningitis"and"cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection".Clinical data of the identified patients were reviewed and analyzed.Results Both patients with meningitis caused by Corynebacterium developed symptoms of fever,abdominal pain,and unconsciousness following lumboperitoneal shunt procedures.The culture of cerebrospinal fluid was positive for Corynebacterium.Both patients improved significantly after vancomycin treatment.Literature search yielded 29 similar cases.Overall,the 31 cases(including the two cases in this report)included 20 males and 11 females,aged between 4 weeks to 87 years.The identified Corynebacterium species included C.jeikeium in 12 cases,C.striatum in 9 cases,C.xerosis in 2 cases,C.bovis in 2 cases,C.aquaticum,C.equine,and C.minutissimum one case each,and unspecified Corynebacterium species in 3 cases.Underlying diseases were reporetd in most patients,including immune disorder in 2 cases,malignant tumor in 8 cases,genetic disease in 2 cases,premature with hydrocephalus in 4 cases,brain trauma in 2 cases,intracranial vascular malformation in 2 cases,and cerebral aneurysm in 2 cases.Risk factors for Corynebacterium meningitis included chemotherapy for malignancy in 5 cases,long term use of steroids and immunosuppressants in 2 cases,invasive procedures in 24 cases,and prior antibiotic use in 11 cases.Vancomycin was the most commonly prescribed treatment.The drainage tube and/or venous catheter were also removed or replaced in 19 cases.Twenty-five patients recovered after treatment and 6 patients died.Conclusions Corynebacterium species are emerging as opportunistic pathogens.Clinicians should be aware of the infections caused by Corynebacterium if patients have undergone invasive procedures or are immunocompromised,especially when associated with fever,altered consciousness,and clinical signs of encephalitis/meningitis.If cerebrospinal fluid test is positive for Corynebacterium,specific treatment should be prescribed promptly for Corynebacterium infection.

Objective:To summarize emergency rescue capacity evaluation tools for community nurses.Methods:China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, VIP, China Biology Medicine disc, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science core collection, and other databases were searched by computer, and the search period was from the establishment of the databases to April 23, 2023. The relevant contents of emergency rescue capacity evaluation tools for community nurses were extracted and analyzed.Results:A total of 16 articles were included, involving seven kinds of emergency rescue capacity assessment tools for community nurses. The evaluation methods of the tools were all self-evaluation. The evaluation mainly involved the ability of nurses in four stages of emergency rescue prevention, preparation, response, and recovery.Conclusions:There are limitations in the evaluation content, method, and application effect of the emergency rescue capacity evaluation tools for community nurses. In the future, it is still necessary to develop or introduce foreign emergency rescue capacity evaluation tools with comprehensive evaluation content and good reliability and validity.

The aberrant activation of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome as an essential component of the innate system is implicated in the pathogenesis of several human inflammatory diseases. Studies have confirmed its association with digestive system diseases such as ulcerative colitis， Crohn's disease， and acute pancreatitis， suggesting that the NLRP3 inflammasome plays a role in the initiation and progression of these diseases. Based on the mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the pathways that mediate the inflammatory response， this article introduced the relationship between the NLRP3 inflammasome and the pathogenesis of multiple digestive system diseases and the Chinese and western medical therapies. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has demonstrated definite effects on the NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated digestive system diseases. Some single Chinese medicines or TCM prescriptions can treat digestive system diseases by activating or inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. NLRP3 inflammasome can receive a variety of endogenous and exogenous stimulatory signals， which can initiate， activate， and mediate inflammatory responses. The inflammasome formation and downstream inflammatory cytokines are involved in not only the inflammatory responses but also the development and progression of multiple digestive system diseases. Therefore， the NLRP3 inflammasome can serve as an ideal target for disease treatment. The future rediscovery and in-depth studies of multiple inflammasomes will shed new light on the treatment of multiple digestive system diseases.

Objective:To summarize the clinical feature of functional distant metastasis (DM) of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and observe the efficacy of 131I treatment. Methods:Between August 2008 and January 2021, a total of 13 DTC patients (4 males, 9 females; age 26-75 years) with functional DM from Henan Provincial People′s Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical data of patients were collected, including pathological type, metastasis size, metastasis location, and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) before the first 131I treatment. Efficacy of 131I treatment in patients with functional DM-DTC was evaluated by response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) 1.1 and thyroglobulin (Tg). Complete remission (CR) and partial remission (PR) were considered as effective. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to analyze the maximum diameter change of metastatic lesions before and after 131I treatment. Results:Among 13 DM-DTC patients, 8 were follicular thyroid cancer (FTC), 5 were papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Metastasis lesions were mainly located in lungs ( n=12) and bones ( n=6). There were 12 patients with maximum metastasis diameter ≥1 cm, and 3 patients with TSH≥30 mU/L before the first 131I treatment. Nine patients were assessed as PR by RECIST 1.1, 3 patients were assessed as CR by RECIST 1.1 and the value of Tg, and 1 patient was assessed as PR by the changing of Tg. The effective rate of 131I treatment for patients with functional DM-DTC was 13/13. The maximum metastasis diameter was significantly decreased after 131I treatment (2.6(1.6, 3.3) vs 1.2(0.1, 2.2) cm; z=-3.06, P=0.002). Conclusion:Patients with functional DM-DTC are characterized by high proportion of FTC and the maximum metastasis diameter ≥1 cm, low proportion of TSH ≥30 mU/L before the first 131I treatment, and high effective rate of 131I treatment.