The corneal epithelium, an essential refractive interface, plays an integral role in the corneal healing after corneal refractive surgery. All existing corneal refractive surgeries entail a degree of corneal epithelial remodeling; however, excessive epithelial remodeling precipitates adverse outcomes on the refractive correction efficacy of such surgeries. This review summarizes the application of corneal epithelial remodeling in the corneal refractive surgery, and more comprehensively investigates the influencing factors of perioperative epithelial remodeling after corneal refractive surgery, with a view to augmenting the safety, efficacy, predictability, and stability of corneal refractive surgical outcomes.

Abstract: Objective To investigate the expression of T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (Tim-3) on the surface of T cells in patients with brucellosis (Bm), as well as the expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in serum, and to analyze the differential expression of these indicators in patients with acute and chronic brucellosis, in order to provide new approaches for the differential diagnosis of acute and chronic brucellosis. Methods A total of 56 patients diagnosed with brucellosis at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from April 2023 to September 2023 were selected, including 31 patients in the acute phase and 25 patients in the chronic phase. Additionally, 35 healthy individuals underwent routine physical examinations within the same period served as healthy controls. Flow cytometry was used to detect and compare Tim-3 levels on the CD4+ T cells' surface among the groups. Levels of serum IL-10 and TGF-β were measured and compared using CBA and ELISA, respectively, and the relationship of these factors with the staging of brucellosis patients was analyzed. Results The proportions of Tim-3+CD3+CD4+T cells in the control group, acute group, and chronic group were (2.56±1.25)%, (5.14±1.98)%, and (13.66±2.66)%, respectively. The Tim-3 levels in the patients with brucellosis were higher than those in the healthy control group, with the chronic group showing even higher levels, and these differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The levels of IL-10 and TGF in the patient group were higher than those in the healthy control group, with the chronic group exhibiting significantly higher levels of IL-10 and TGF-β than the acute group, also presenting statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The areas under the ROC curve for predicting chronic brucellosis with Tim-3, IL-10, and TGF-β scores were 0.876, 0.865, and 0.663, respectively. Conclusions There are certain differences in the expression of Tim-3, serum IL-10, and TGF-β among patients with brucellosis, with high expression indicating a potential transition to the chronic phase of the disease. Tim-3 has shown the best diagnostic performance. Therefore, as a diagnostic indicator, Tim-3 may provide new ideas and strategies for the treatment and differential diagnosis of brucellosis.

Standardization is the universal language of the world, and standardization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is essential for its communication in China and globally. However, the principles and methods of TCM acupuncture standardization have been unclear and inadequate in the early stages. Based on an investigative approach to understanding the current status, identifying problems, and finding solutions, our team has established basic principles of TCM acupuncture that embody Chinese wisdom, evaluated the international strategic environment systematically, proposed the principle of “importance of harmony and exercise of impartiality”, and established basic working principles. A series of methods for TCM acupuncture standard development and evaluation have been constructed, including general standards for the revision of TCM acupuncture standards, the first TCM acupuncture clinical research management specification, a shared full chain technology platform, a data center, and an evaluation research base for TCM acupuncture clinical research. Evaluation criteria for ancient literature and expert experience, a recommendation method for the “three main and three auxiliaries” TCM guideline for prevention were established, and quantifiable assessment methods of TCM standard applicability were proposed. These findings provide methodological guidance for TCM acupuncture standardization.

Objective:To investigate the association between ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI) and renal poor prognosis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods:A prospective study was conducted to enroll 117 non-dialysis patients with CKD who volunteered for receiving ambulatory blood pressure monitoring test from December 2017 to December 2018 in the Department of Nephropathy of the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital. According to the AASI tertiles, patients were divided into low AASI group (≤0.414, n=38), medium AASI group (0.414-0.517, n=40), and high AASI group (≥0.517, n=39). The differences of clinical baseline information among the three groups were compared. The follow-up time was until August 2020. Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox proportional hazard regression model were used to explore the effect of AASI on renal poor prognosis. Results:The median age of 117 patients was 61(49, 65) years old. There were 80 males (68.4%) and patients with hypertension accounted for 77.8%(91 cases). After a median follow-up of 27 months, 34 cases had composite endpoint events [renal replacement therapy (dialysis or kidney transplantation), 40% estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline, and death], of which 10 patients were on dialysis, 19 patients had 40% eGFR decline, and 5 patients died. There were significant differences in age, hemoglobin, body mass index, eGFR, 24 h systolic blood pressure (SBP), daytime SBP, nighttime SBP, morning SBP, 24 h mean arterial pressure and 24 h pulse pressure among the three groups (all P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that higher AASI was associated with lower cumulative survival rate in patients (Log-rank test χ2=13.111, P=0.001). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that high AASI was an influencing factor for renal endpoint events ( P<0.05), and after adjusting for age, gender, mean arterial pressure, eGFR, 24 h urine protein, diabetes and body mass index, high AASI was an independent influencing factor for renal poor prognosis in classification and continuous variable analysis models ( HR=2.88, 95% CI 1.00-8.26, P=0.050; HR=1.50, 95% CI 1.02-2.21, P=0.039). Conclusion:High AASI is an independent influencing factor for renal poor prognosis in CKD patients.

Objective To observe the effect of Bacillus coagulans tablets Combined with minus Xiaoyao powder, Nifuratel nystatin soft capsule in treatment of VVC. Methods A total of 108 cases of VVC. patients were randomly divided into 2 groups:observation group and control group. In the observation group (n=54), patients were given vaginal placement of Nifuratel nystatin soft capsule, 1 capsule daily, for 6 days;oral administration of minus Xiaoyao powder, 1 agent daily, for 7 days; and oral administration of Bacillus coagulans tablets, 3 tablets one time, 3 times a day, for 14 days, double dose at first. In control group (54 cases), patients were given vaginal placement of Nifuratel nystatin soft capsule, 1 capsule daily, for 6 days;and oral placement of vitamin C tablet, 1 tablet one time, 3 times a day,for 14 days. The short-term effect and the long-term recurrence of were observed 3-7 days, 1 months, 3 months, 6 months after stopping drug treatment. Results 3 days after stopping drugs, the effective rate in the observation group and the control group was 92.59%and 81.48%, respectively, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05) . 6 months after stopping drugs, the recurrence rate was 9.26% in the observation group, and 20.37% in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . Conclusion For Vaginal candidiasis, on the basis of antifungal therapy, giving Bacillus coagulans tablets for regulation of intestinal micro ecological environment, and traditional Chinese medicine minus Xiaoyao powder for clearing heat and removing dampness, soothing the liver, can significantly improve the short term and long term curative effects,and reduce the recurrence rate.

Objective To investigate the significance of plasma exchange (PE) treatment on children with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS).Methods From Jan 2008 to Dec 2010,16 patients diagnosed with HUS were included in this study,and PE was carried out on them.Frozen plasma was taken as replacement fluid,and the treatment time was 2 to 3 hours per time.Results All the 16 patients after PE treatment were survived without any apparent complications.The condition obviously alleviated after initial treatment.In 12 to 72hours,the icterus disappeared,serum creatinine [ ( 385.0 ± 189.4 ) μmol/L vs ( 100.0 ± 19.3 ) μmol/L ] and lactate dehydrogenase [ (799.3 ± 289.8 ) U/L vs (300.0 ± 100.4) U/L ] declined obviously ( P ＜ 0.05 ) and platelet count [ (45.0 ± 18.8 ) × 109/L vs ( 120.0 ± 20.0 ) × 109/L ],hemoglobin [ ( 59.3 ± 15.3 ) g/L vs ( 120.0 ± 18.3) g/L] rised( P ＜ 0.05 ).In the end,symptoms disappeared in 15 patients,laboratory examination returned to normal in 14 cases.Hospitalization time was 15 to 57 days.Conclusion PE can effectively relieve the illness and remove plasma pathogenic substances,block the pathological process of HUS and supply useful ingredients.Recommend PE as the fhst option in the treatment of HUS.

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between polymorphism of inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) gene and the susceptibility of intestinal type stomach cancer and stomach cardia cancer in Chinese people.

METHODSA community-based case-control study was designed. Ninety-three intestinal type of stomach cancer and 50 stomach cardia cancer patients with endoscopy and pathology diagnosis were identified as cases. Two hundred and forty-six controls served as controls.

RESULTSC-->T polymorphism was found in exon 16 of iNOS gene, which changed the coding amino acid from serine to leucine, and formed a recognition site identified by Tsp 509 I restriction enzyme (we called it C-->T polymorphism). The T allele gene frequency in the control group was 13.21%. No statistically significant difference was found between C-->T polymorphism alone and the increased susceptibility to intestinal stomach cancer or stomach cardia cancer. A significant type 2 multiplicative interaction was found in increasing both the risk of intestinal stomach cancer and stomach cardia cancer when both C-->T polymorphism and tobacco smoking exposure existed. An additive interaction model, which showed statistically significant difference, was found to increase only the risk of stomach cardia cancer when CagA antibody shared negative but C-->T polymorphism occurred.

CONCLUSIONC-->T polymorphism of iNOS gene was considered as one of the possible susceptible genes, which specifically increased the risk of tobacco-related but CagA negative types of intestinal stomach cancer and stomach cardia cancer.

Antibodies, Bacterial ; blood ; Antigens, Bacterial ; immunology ; Bacterial Proteins ; immunology ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; genetics ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo find out the distributive features of some metabolic genes polymorphisms in Han population of south area of China.

METHODSStudy population was obtained from the controls of a community based case-control study, which included 290 blood relatives (inner control) and 404 non-blood relatives (outer control).

RESULTSFrequencies of CYP1A1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms had no significant difference among confounding factors, such as sex, living areas, stomach cancer family history and history of tobacco smoking etc. Some controls showed significant difference in age group and alcohol drinking which would be adjusted in analysis of the relationship between polymorphisms and cancers. CYP1A1 Ile/Val and Val/Val genotypes were 33.43% and 5.62% respectively, which were similar to other results from Chinese and Japanese, but higher than those from Caucasians in American, Europe and African-Americans. GSTM1 null allele frequency was 53.48% in our population, which showed difference even among Chinese in different areas. GSTT1 null allele frequency was 45.78%, which was significantly higher than that in Caucasians and African-American.

CONCLUSIONThe frequencies of CYP1A1 Ile/Val, Val/Val and GSTT1 null in Han population in south area of China are significantly higher than those in other races, while the ethnic difference of frequency of GSTM1 null is less.

China ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 ; genetics ; DNA ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Geography ; Glutathione Transferase ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Polymorphism, Genetic

AIM: To measure the concentrations of angiotensinⅡ(ATⅡ) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in plasma of diabetics and investigate the relationship between ATⅡ and VEGF and the role of VEGF in occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy(DN). METHODS: 98 type Ⅱ diabetics were divided into two groups: 43 were in diabetic nephropathy group and 55 in non-diabetic nephropathy (NDN) group, and 25 healty persons were in control group. We measured the levels of ATⅡ, VEGF, glycosylated hemoglobinC (GHbAlc) in plasma and urinary microalbumin(UmALB), respectively. RESULTS: The levels of ATⅡ, VEGF, HbAlc and UmALB in DN group and NDN group were increased significantly compared with control group( P

Pressed biscuits were fortified with gelatin encapsulated VA powder, VC phosphate Mg and VB2 tetrabutyrate. The biological effects of these vita-rains were examined by human experiments. In 7 days of the experimental period, the subjects of the 1st group (10 male adults) took the fortified biscuit freely which contained 7500 IU VA powder, 5.16 mg B2 tetrabutyrate ( = 3mg VB2) and 308mg VC phosphate ( = 140 mgVC) in 750 g. The 2nd group took 250 g biscuit freely containing the same amount of vitamin and unfortified pressed biscuit. The 3rd group took only the unfortified ones freely. 5 days before or after fhe experimental period the subjects ate vitamin restricted diets. The nutritional status of VB2 was estimated by 24 hrs. urinary VB2 values, that of VC by urinary and fasting plasma VC levels, and that of VA by fasting plasma VA values.The urinary levels of VB2, VC and plasma values of VC of group 1 and 2 at the end of the experimental period were significantly higher than those of the pre-experimental period. They were also higher than those of group 3. On the 5th day of the post-experimental period, the status of VB2 and VC of group 1 and 2 was still better than that of group 3. Because the subjects were not in VA deficiency, the plasma levels of VA were kept steady.The stabilities of these vitamins in the fortified pressed biscuit were compared with those of ordinary vitamins. Stored in 85% RH 32℃ for 20 months, encapsulated VA powder retained 76%, VC phosphate 84%, but the ordinary VA only 14%, VC 29%. Stored in room temp. 75% RH for 2 years, the VA encapsulated powder retained 73%, VC phosphate 96%, but ordinary VA only 8%, VC 22.3%. In room temp. for 2 years, encapsulated VA powder retained 87%, VC phosphate almost did not lost, but ordinary VA retained 8%, VC retained 25% only. The stability of the VB2 tetrabutyrate was almost the same as that of VB2. It was shown by the guinea pig growth experiment that VC phosphate in pressed biscuit stored 20 months possessed the same biological effect as VC crystal.