Dental caries is a bacteria-mediated, multifactorial, chronic progressive disease that results in the phasic demineralization and remineralization of dental hard tissues. In recent years, amounts of studies have focused on the association between dental caries and systemic diseases. This paper reviews the researches about associations between caries and systemic diseases. An electronic search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science for articles published from 2003 to 2022 in the English language. Studies were included in the following ten categories of systemic diseases: cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, respiratory diseases, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, neurologic diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, kidney diseases, skin diseases, iron deficiency anaemia and tumors. This review discusses the relationship between dental caries and systemic diseases, as well as the potentially involved mechanisms, providing new ideas for disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for dentists and other clinicians.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between serum miR-501 and miR-195 levels and sensitivity to concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC).Methods:Clinical data of 96 patients with LACC admitted to Nanyang Central Hospital from January 2020 to June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed and compared with those of 96 healthy subjects during physical examination in our hospital during the same period to compare the differences of serum miR-501 and miR-195 levels. Tumor status was reviewed at 6 months after concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Patients were divided into the sensitive and resistant groups according to the evaluation criteria of solid tumor efficacy. The relationship between serum miR-501 and miR-195 levels and the sensitivity to concurrent chemoradiotherapy in LACC patients was analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was also drawn to predict differential efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy sensitivity in LACC patients. Multivariate analysis was conducted by binary logistic regression analysis. P<0.05 indicated statistically significant differences. Results:In LACC patients, serum miR-501 level was significantly higher, whereas serum miR-195 level was significantly lower than those in physical examination subjects (both P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that serum miR-501 level at admission in the resistant group was significantly higher, whereas serum miR-195 level was significantly lower than those in the sensitive group (both P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that serum miR-501 and miR-195 levels were significantly correlated with the sensitivity to concurrent chemoradiotherapy in LACC patients. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.736 and 0.913, respectively. Conclusions:The higher the serum miR-501 level and the lower the serum miR-195 level before treatment, the higher the probability of resistance to concurrent chemoradiotherapy in LACC patients. Serum miR-501 and miR-195 levels of LACC patients before treatment have certain predictive value for the sensitivity to concurrent chemoradiotherapy.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. It is urgent to develop new drugs to improve the prognosis of ESCC patients. Here, we found benzydamine, a locally acting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, had potent cytotoxic effect on ESCC cells. Benzydamine could suppress ESCC proliferation in vivo and in vitro. In terms of mechanism, CDK2 was identified as a target of benzydamine by molecular docking, pull-down assay and in vitro kinase assay. Specifically, benzydamine inhibited the growth of ESCC cells by inhibiting CDK2 activity and affecting downstream phosphorylation of MCM2, c-Myc and Rb, resulting in cell cycle arrest. Our study illustrates that benzydamine inhibits the growth of ESCC cells by downregulating the CDK2 pathway.
Humans ; Benzydamine ; Esophageal Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma/drug therapy* ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Phosphorylation ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Apoptosis ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2

Objective:To investigate the status quo of subclinical thyroid diseases in the faculty and staff of a university and to explore their affecting factors.Methods:A total of 4 219 faculty and staff members who met the exclusion criteria and underwent the health examination in the Community Health Service Center of Beijing Jiaotong University in 2021 were enrolled in the study. General clinical data and laboratory findings of the enrolled subjects were collected. According to the upper and low reference range of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in our laboratory (0.35-5.5 μIU/ml), subjects were classified into subclinical hyperthyroidism group, subclinical hypothyroidism group and normal thyroidism group. The association of gender, age and body mass index (BMI), as well as the metabolic indices with the prevalence of subclinical thyroid disease was analyzed.Results:The prevalence rates of subclinical hypothyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism were 4.10% (173/4 219) and 0.69% (29/4 219), respectively. The prevalence of subclinical thyroid diseases in females was higher than that in males(5.90% (77/2 101) vs. 3.66%(125/2 018),χ 2=11.58, P<0.05); there was a significant difference in prevalence among different age groups(χ 2=39.49, P<0.05)and the prevalence increased with the age. There were significant differences in levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), diastolic blood pressure(DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), free triiodothyronine (FT 3), free thyroxine (FT 4), thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb) and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) among three groups ( P<0.05). TSH levels were positively correlated with the age ( r=0.58, P<0.001), and levels of TG ( r=0.66, P<0.001), TC ( r=0.67, P<0.001), LDL-C ( r=0.62, P<0.001), TPOAb ( r=0.78, P<0.001), TGAb ( r=0.77, P<0.001); was negatively correlated with FBG ( r=-0.50, P<0.001). Conclusion:The prevalence of subclinical thyroid diseases among faculty and staff of the studied university is relatively high, and it is related to gender, age, thyroid antibodies, blood glucose and lipid levels.

Objective:To study the effect of senescence gene silent information regulator 6 (Sirt6) knockout on the brain of aged mice.Methods:Sirt6-flox transgenic mice were constructed, and the mouse brain tissue was specifically knocked out by Emx1-Cre tool mice.According to genotyping, 11 wild-type mice were selected as control group(WT group) and 10 Sirt6 gene konckout mice were selected as conditional knockout group(cKO group). Body size and body weight of the aged mice were measured and cerebral cortex thickness was measured by HE staining.Brain neurogenesis was analyzed with EdU markers.The expression of RNA-binding protein HuR and apoptosis-related protein Caspase-3 were detected by Western blot.Meanwhile, histone acetylation levels in the cortex were detected.Results:Sirt6 brain tissue-specific knocked out mice were successfully constructed.Compared with the brain tissue area((2.07±0.22) cm 2)and cortical thickness ((970.56±80.91) μm) of WT mice in the 12-month-old group, the brain tissue area ((1.61±0.14)cm 2) and cortical thickness ((822.88±53.94) μm) in Sirt6 cKO group were smaller, and the differences were statistically significant (both P<0.05). EdU incorporation into nerve cells showed that the number of EdU incorporation into periventricular nerve cells in cKO group was lower ((4.75±1.48)) than that in WT group ((10.29±1.93)). The difference was statistically significant ( P<0.001). In the experiment of 17 months age group, mice in cKO group were smaller in body size, lower in body weight ((29.00±1.08) g) and smaller in brain area ((1.54±0.55)cm 2)compared with WT group in body size, body weight ((35.25±4.17) g) and brain tissue area ((1.98±0.18) cm 2)(both P<0.05). The expression of Caspase-3 and HuR in cortical proteins of these two age groups decreased( t=2.95, 5.38, both P<0.05), and the expression of H3K9ac and H3K56ac increased( t=3.53, 2.78, both P<0.05), but the expression of Sirt1 homologous gene remained unchanged( t=1.26, P>0.05). Conclusion:The specific deletion of Sirt6 in brain tissue can lead to the decrease of brain neurogenesis in aged mice, and the aggravation of aging and the increase of apoptosis, which may be the reason for the thinning of cerebral cortex and brain tissue atrophy.The molecular mechanism is speculated to be related to the increase of acetylation level after Sirt6 knockout

Objective To examine the association between caregiver burden and comorbidity in elderly patients with cognitive impairment.Methods The study was conducted in 212 patients at the Memory Clinic and the Departments of Geriatrics and Neurology of Fuxing Hospital from September 2014 to September 2016.Recruited patients were assigned into a dementia group and a non-dementia group according to their cognitive status and were examined using mini mental state examination (MMSE),auditory verbal learning test (AVLT),activity of daily living (ADL),neuropsychiatric inventory(NPI),and Charlson comorbidity index(CCI).Their caregivers were surveyed with Zarit burden inventory (ZBI).Results The ZBI score was significantly correlated with patients' age,gender,CCI,MMSE,NPI,and ADL.The ZBI score was higher in male patients(21.21 ± 11.24)than in female patients(18.33±10.38).Age(r=0.10,P＜0.001),NPI(r=0.32,P＜0.001),ADL(r=0.29,P ＜0.001),and CCI(r =0.38,P ＜0.001) were positively correlated with caregiver burden,while MMSE(r =-0.28,P ＜ 0.001) was negatively correlated with it.Multiple linear regression model analysis indicated that MMSE,NPI,ADL,and CCI were influencing factors for caregiver burden.When CCI was stratified into CCIno dementia and CCIdementi8,influencing factors for caregiver burden were identified as MMSE,NPI,ADL,and CCIdementia.Conclusions Cognitive deterioration,decrease in ADL,and neuropsychiatric symptoms in elderly patients are the major causes of increased caregiver burden.Besides,the number and severity of comorbidity are independent factors for caregiver burden.

Objective To analyze the pathogenesis and clinical characteristics of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and to explore the corresponding nursing interventions. Methods From January 2011 to December 2013, a total of 84 patients with chronic drug-induced liver injury in Beijing You'an Hospital were recruited by convenience sampling method according to the diagnostic criteria of Guidelines for the Management of Drug-Induced Liver Injury. The demographic characteristics, the possible drugs and clinical characteristics were inputted into Epidata management database and were analyzed using SPSS 16.0. Results In the study, there were 132 kinds of drugs which induced chronic liver injury. Thirty-three of all the recruited patients were using over 2 kinds of medications, among which traditional Chinese medicine accounted for 47.0%, which were mainly used for dermatopathy, rheumatosis and healthcare. The second were non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antituberculosis drugs. Fifty-six patients had underlying diseases, accounting for 66.7%, of which 16 patients had more than 2 underlying diseases. The main clinical manifestations were fatigue, anorexia and jaundice. 14.3% of the patients showed complications. Conclusions The incidence of drug-induced liver injury was increasing with years. It's important to conduct the health education of drug-using safety, especially to the elderly women and the ones with underlying diseases. The course of chronic liver injury was long and tends to relapse, so it's essential to observe the reaction to drugs and take correspondent measures during the nursing work. Besides, we need to pay much attention to psychological counseling of the patients.

Objective To investigate the knowledge and recognition of middle aged and elderly cognitive normal people in clock drawing test (CDT) and determine the items of CDT.Methods Two hundred and sixty four middle aged and elderly cognitive normal people from community were involved in the cross-sectional study.The questionnaire was comprised of 26 items scoring in CDT in literature.Each item was rated by subjects as complete agreement, partial agreement or disagreement.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the related items of age and education degree.Results There were 5 items significantly related with age and education.Twelve items enjoyed complete agreement of more than 50％ and disagreement lower than 20％.The new scoring system was composed of 12 items, including the 12 complete agreement items excepted one which was significantly related to age and education, and one item that was proved to be sensitive to cognitive impairment.Conclusion The new scoring system with 12 items for CDT may be suitable in screening cognitive impairment with high identity, and further investigation about the validity and reliability should be conducted.

Objective To evaluate the effect of controlled hypotension at the beginning of reperfusion on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury of the liver in patients undergoing hepatectomy.Methods Forty ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients (aged 30-60 years and weighing 40-70 kg) undergoing elective partial hepatectomy for liver cancer were randomly divided into two groups (n =20 each):normal blood pressure group (control group,group C) and controlled hypotension group (group H).In group C,normal blood pressure was maintained during reperfusion,while in group H,controlled hypotension (the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was maintained at 60-70 mm Hg) was performed for 10 minutes since the beginning of reperfusion.Hepatic portal was occluded during operation.Venous blood samples were taken before hepatic ischemia (T0,baseline) and after 15 minutes of ischemia (T1) and after 25 minutes of reperfusion (T2) for determination of plasma levels of endothelin (ET),nitric oxide (NO),tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 (IL-1).Results I/R of the liver led to significant increases in plasma levels of ET,TNF-α and IL-1 and a decrease in plasma level of NO at T1,2 as compared with the baseline values at T0 in both groups.Plasma levels of ET,TNF-α and IL-1 were significantly lower while plasma level of NO was significantly higher at T2 in group H than in group C.Conclusion Controlled hypotension for 10 minutes in the initial stage of reperfusion can attenuate I/R-induced injury to the liver in patients undergoing hepatectomy through balancing ET with NO and inhibiting inflammation responses.

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between recent cardiac events and the score of myocardial infarction by delayed-enhancement MRI (DE-MRI).Methods DE-MRI was performed in 40 subjects with coronary artery disease.The score of myocardial infarction by DE-MRI,the ejection fraction (EF) by echocardiography,recent cardiac events (the number of weekly nitroglycerin,the number of weekly angina episodes and the onset number of heart failure in the last year),6-minute walking distance,as well as the Seattle angina questionnaire (SAQ) score were assessed.The Spearman correlation test and Kruskal-Wallis test,Mann-Whitney test were used for the statistics.ResultsThere were negative correlation between the myocardial infarction score by DE-MRI (median 12,inter-quartile range:6.0-19.8) and the 6-minute walking distance(378.93 ± 100.53 ),SAQ score (74.55 ± 11.40 ) (r was 0.66 and 0.54,P ＜0.05).The myocardial infarction score by DE-MRI was strongly correlated with the number of weekly nitroglycerin ( median 1 ; inter-quartile range:0-2.8),the number of weekly angina episodes ( median 3,inter-quartile range:1-6.5 ) and the onset number of heart failure in the last year ( median 0,inter-quartile range:0-2) (r was 0.87,0.85 and 0.89,P ＜0.05).EF [(49.2 ± 13.72)％] was negative correlation with the number of weekly nitroglycerin,the number of weekly angina episodes and the onset number of heart failure in the last year (r were 0.67,0.73 and 0.73,P ＜0.05).ConclusionDE-MRI can be used for evaluation and prediction of future cardiac events.