Yigongsan， derived from QIAN Yi’s Key to Therapeutics of Children’s Diseases in the Song Dynasty， is a classic pediatric prescription that is included in the Catalogue of Ancient Classic Prescriptions （the Second Batch of Pediatrics） released by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2022. This paper verifies and analyzes the historical origin， composition， dosage， processing， decoction method and efficacy of Yigongsan by systematically combing ancient books and modern documents. As a result， Yigongsan is composed of five herbs： Panax ginseng， Poria cocos， Atractylodes macrocephala， Citrus reticulata and Glycyrrhiza uralensis， of which P. cocos should be peeled， A. macrocephala is fried with soil， G. uralensis is roasted with honey while P. ginseng and C. reticulata are raw products. According to the dosage of ancient and modern times， each medicinal herb must be ground into fine powder， 1.6 g for each， added with 300 mL of water， 5 pieces of Zingiber officinale， and 2 Ziziphus jujuba， decocted together to 210 mL， and taken before meals. In ancient books， Yigongsan is used to treat vomiting， diarrhea， spleen and stomach deficiency， chest and abdominal distension， and lack of appetite， etc. Modern research showed that Yigongsan could also be used in the diseases of immune system， respiratory system， blood system， etc.， involving infantile anorexia， asthma， anemia， tumors and so on.

Objective:To understand the current status of transition shock and risk perception of nursing profession among undergraduate nursing students, and to explore the correlation between transition shock and risk perception of nursing profession.Methods:In May 2023, convenience sampling was employed to survey 140 undergraduate nursing students from the School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University as the research subjects. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a general information questionnaire, Nurse Risk Perception Questionnaire and Transition Shock Scale.Results:The final valid questionnaire was 133 copies. Among 133 internship nursing students, there were 23 males and 110 females. The total score of risk perception of nursing profession among undergraduate nursing students was (90.77 ± 16.48), while the total score for transition shock was (47.22 ± 7.14). A significant positive correlation was found between risk perception of nursing profession and transition shock ( r=0.589, P<0.01). Transition shock was identified as a factor influencing risk perception of nursing profession among undergraduate nursing students ( t=8.47, P<0.01). Conclusions:The risk perception of nursing profession and transition shock among undergraduate nursing students were at a moderate level and positively correlated. Nursing managers should take proactive measures to alleviate the challenges faced by interns during the transition process, diminish their apprehension towards the nursing profession risk, and improve the quality of clinical internships.

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a neurode-generative disease with complex pathological mecha-nism characterized by accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.Increasing evi-dence suggests that vascular dysfunction due to endothe-lial cell injury may have a pathogenic role in the occur-rence and development of AD.Malfunction of the blood-brain barrier caused by endothelial cell dysfunction is associated with the accumulation of several neurotoxic molecules within brain parenchyma,a reduction in cerebral blood flow,amyloid-β transfer and hypoxia,especially at the early stages of the disease.At the same time,it can-not be ignored that the peripheral arterial vascular endo-thelial cell dysfunction also seems to be closely related to the risk and the severity of symptoms of AD.Some mole-cules are thought to be messengers connecting the central and peripheral endothelial cells.Peripheral and central vascular endothelial cells communicate with each other and influence the progression of AD through some common mechanisms.In this review,we provide an ap-praisal of the endothelial cell dysfunction in cerebral and systemic vasculature,and give the evidence that vascular pathology is inextricably linked to disease onset and pro-gression of AD.

Objective To analyze the failure and processing methods of helical tomotherapy multileaf collimator (MLC) and summarize relevant maintenance experience,aiming to accurately identify the faulty parts,shorten the downtime and enhance the work time.Methods The failure data of the helical tomotherapy MLC system in the past 48 months were analyzed to identify the common faulty parts,causes and processing methods.Results During the previous 48 months,the MLC failure occurred for 20 times,11 times for air compressor failure,4 times for position verification board failure,twice for leaf driver failure,twice for cushion valve failure and once for the slip of leaf position verification rod.The MLC failure was significantly correlated with the humidity of high-pressure gas.The work time of machine exerted significant effect upon the service time of MLC parts.Conclusions The structure of the helical tomotherapy MLC system is complex.The high-intensity work increases the failure rate.The humidity of high-pressure gas affects the normal operation of the MLC equipment.The faulty parts can be identified,the downtime can be reduced and the work time can be enhanced by summarizing the experience of MLC maintenance.

Objectives: To explore weather oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) may predict the prognosis in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). Methods: The consecutive newly diagnosed IPAH patients in our hospital from 2010-11 to 2015-06 were prospectively enrolled and regular follow-up study was conducted to record cardiovascular events (death and lung transplantation). Kaplan–Meier curve, uni- and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed to assess the survival rate in relevant patients. Results: A total of 210 IPAH patients at the mean age of (32±10) years were finished cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and received regular follow-up study including 159 female. There were 31 patients died and 1 received lung transplantation over 41 months follow-up period. OUES was positively related to peak oxygen uptake (VO2)/body weight (r=0.71, P<0.0001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that OUESI and NT-proBNP could independently predict the prognosis of IPAH patients. The 5-year survival rate in patients with OUESI≤0.52 L/(min?m2) was lower than those with OUESI>0.52 L/(min?m2) (41.9% vs 89.8%), P<0.0001.Conclusion: OUES as a submaximal CPET parameter may well predict the prognosis in IPAH patients.

Objective:To study the relationship between IL-1β and TNFα expression and cell apoptosis in gingival tissue of the subjects with diabetes associated periodontitis(DAP).Methods:20 cases of DAP(group DAP) and 20 cases of health controls(group H)were included.The cell apoptosis and the ultrastructural changes in gingival tissue were observed by Tunnel staining and transmission electron microscope (TEM).IL-1β and TNFα expression in gingival tissue were detected by immunohistochemical staining.SBI,GI,PD and AL of the subjects were measured.The relationship between the level of IL-1β,TNFα and the cell appotosis was analyzed.Results:Apoptosis was obvious in prickle cells and basal cells of gingival tissue of DAP group.The percentage of apoptosis cells of DAP group was significantly higher than that of group H(P＜0.01).The expression of IL-1β and TNFα in group DAP was significant higher than that of group H (P＜0.01),and the mainly positive expression cells were macrophages,plasmocytes and lymphocytes.Conclusion:IL-1β and TNFα play a role in cell apoptosis in the gingival tissue of the patients with DAP.

Black triangle caused by gingival papilla loss is an ordinary clinical problem. Gingival recession and alveolar bone absorption in the area of gingival papilla lead to the increase of the vertical distance from the adjacent contact point to the alveolar ridge. Periodontal soft tissue grafts play a certain role in the gingival papilla reconstruction. This paper reviewed the effects of soft tissue grafts on the reconstruction of gingival papilla loss through following several aspects, summary of gingival papilla loss, gum soft tissue reconstruction, biological and chemical factors influencing gingival papilla reconstruction. The role of coronally advanced flap surgery, semilunar coronal repositioned flap surgery, subepithelial connective tissue graft, pedicle flap graft, envelop flap graft and tunnel technique were evaluated.

Objective To explore the role of hydrogen sulfide (H 2S ) in acute liver injury induced by crush-ing hind lim bs of rats. Methods The rats w ere random ly divided into the follow ing groups:control, crush-ing, H 2S donor sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) + crushing, H 2S inhibitor propargylglycine (PAG ) + crush-ing group. The acute liver injury m odel w as established by crushing the hind lim bs of rats w ith standard w eight. R ats w ere sacrificed at 30 m in and 120 m in after the crush. The activities of serum aspartate am inotransferase (AST) and alanine am inotransferase (ALT) w ere m easured by colorim etric m ethod, and the content of H 2S in plasm a and the contents of m alondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl, glutathione (GSH) in the liver and the activity of H 2S generating enzym e (cystathionine γ-lyase, CSE) w ere deter-m ined by chem ical m ethod. The expression of CSEm R N Ain liver w as detected by R T-PCR . Results For crush injury group, the levels of ASTand ALTin serum , MDAand protein carbonyl in liver in-creased. The levels of GSH, CSE, CSEm R N Ain liver and H 2S in serum decreased. The adm inistration of NaHS before lim bs crush could attenuate the changes of liver injury, but the pre-treatm ent w ith PAG could exacerbate the changes. Conclusion The decrease of H 2S production could involve in m ediating the acute liver injury induced by traum atic stress in rats.

Objective: To evaluate cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) on sildenaifl effect for treating the patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Methods: A total of 25 PAH patients received sildenaifl treatment in our hospital from 2012-01 to 2014-01 were enrolled as PAH group, in addition, there were a Control group including 24 healthy subjects. The CPET, echocardiography, NYHA function class, 6-mimute walking distance (6MWD) and plasma levels of NT-proBNP at the baseline, (6-12) months and (13-18) months after sildenaifl treatment were assessed and compared between 2 groups. Results: Compared with Control group, PAH group showed decreased aerobic capacity (peakVO?2, Peak O2pulse) and ventilation efifciency (PETCO2@AT, VE?/VC?O2@AT), allP<0.05. At (8±2) months after sildenaifl treatment, aerobic capacity and ventilation efifciency was improved, meanwhile, NYHA function class, 6MWD and plasma levels of NT-proBNP were improved, allP<0.05. At (16±2) months after sildenaifl treatment, 6MWD was similar,P=0.26, while peak VO?2 and peak O2 pulse were decreased than they were at (8±2) months after sildenaifl treatment,P=0.04 and 0.06; the ventilation efifciency was elevated (as presented by increased VE?/VC?O2@AT and decreased PETCO2@AT,P=0.04 and P=0.04); plasma level of NT-proBNP was increased,P=0.05. Conclusion: CPET can effectively evaluate sildenaifl effect for treating PAH patients and therefore and guide the drugs therapy.

Objective:To understand the status of two -week prevalence and the influencing factors in rural preschool leftover children of Shandong , so as to provide evidence for putting forward effective health intervention means .Methods:Using the method of stratified -cluster-random sampling and elect 646 cases of preschool lefto-ver children from 2 counties of Shandong .We surveyed with self -made questionnaire .Results:The two-week prevalence of the rural preschool leftover children is high;the influencing factors of the two -week prevalence with the rural preschool leftover children including whether children are only -child, the type of children guardianship , whether children piddle and whether left -behind children can avoid dangerous .Conclusion: The two -week prevalence present situation of rural preschool left -behind children is low , and its problems of health and ethics are clear.Therefore, effective measures should be carried out to improve the health level of rural leftover children .