ObjectiveTo analyze the characteristics and changing trend of injury cause of mortality of residents in Qingpu District from 2002 to 2020， and to provide scientific reference for formulating regional prevention and control measures. MethodsThe injury mortality data of the registered residents in Qingpu District from 2002 to 2020 were collected. The indicators such as crude mortality rate， standardized mortality rate， and the ranking of causes of death were calculated. ResultsFrom 2002 to 2020， the average annual crude mortality rate was 50.27/100 000， the age-standardized mortality rate based on the world standard population（ASRW） was 30.08/100 000， and the age-standardized mortality rate based on the 2010 Chinese census（ASMRC） was 35.58/100 000. The average annual crude mortality rate of males was higher than that of females ［Z=54.402， Mantel-Hanszel χ²=1 742.509， P<0.01）. The overall injury mortality rate showed a downward trend with an average annual percent change（AAPC）of -4.07% （95%CI： -5.23%‒-2.90%）， P<0.001］. The top four causes of injury death were transportation accident， indeliberate fall， drowning， and suicide. The leading causes of death in 0‒ years old， 15‒ years old and ≥65 years old were drowning， transportation accident and indeliberate fall， respectively. The ASRW of transportation accident， drowning and suicide all showed a decreasing trend， and the AAPC were -8.22% （95%CI： -10.16%‒-6.24%）， -6.99% （95%CI： -9.68%‒-4.22%） and -6.21% （95%CI： -9.38%‒-2.94%）， respectively. ConclusionThe injury death rate of residents in Qingpu District shows a decreasing trend， and the distribution characteristics of injury death are different among different genders and age groups. Corresponding prevention and control strategies should be adopted for different populations.

ObjectiveTo investigate the possible mechanism of Ruyi Heibai Power （如意黑白散， RHP） in the treatment of vitiligo. MethodsTwenty-four C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into blank group， model group， high-dose and low-dose RHP groups， with 6 mice in each group. Model group， high- and low-dose RHP groups were all applied hydroquinone to establish vitiligo animal model. After modeling， High- and low-dose RHP groups were given 7.02 g/kg and 2.34 g/kg of RHP by gavage， respectively， while the blank group and model group were intragastrically given 10ml/kg of normal saline， once a day for 36 days. After administration， the skin lesions were observed with naked eye， and HE staining was used to observe the melanin content of the skin lesions. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of CD3⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells in skin tissue. Immunofluorescence staining was used to measure the expression of programmed death receptor 1 （PD-1） in the skin lesion tissue. RT-PCR was used to detect programmed cell death ligand 1 （PD-L1） mRNA expression. ELISA was used to detect serum superoxide dismutase （SOD）， tumor necrosis factor （TNF-α）， and tyrosinase （TYR） levels. ResultsCompared to those in the blank group， the skin of the mice in the model group was pale， and the melanin content was significantly reduced under the microscope after HE staining； the rate of excellent and good skin lesions decreased， and the melanin granules in the cells around the epidermis and hair follicles decreased significantly； the expression of CD3⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells in skin tissue increased significantly， and the expressions of PD-L1 mRNA and PD-1 decreased； the content of TYR decreased， while the content of SOD and TNF-α increased （P＜0.05）. Compared to those in the model group， the skin color of high- and low-dose RHP groups were deepened， and the melanin content increased； the rate of excellent and good skin lesions increased， as well as the melanin granules in the spinous cell layer， basal cells and hair follicles； the expression of CD3⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells in the skin lesions decreased， while PD-L1 mRNA and PD-1 expression increased； the content of TYR increased， while the content of SOD and TNF-α decreased （P＜0.05）. Compared to the low-dose RHP group， the high-dose group had a larger pigment recovery area in the modeling area， an increased rate of excellent and good skin lesions， an increase in spinous cell layer， basal cells， and hair follicle melanin granules， a decrease in CD3⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells expression， an increase in the expression of PD-L1 mRNA and PD-1， an elevated TYR content， and decreased SOD and TNF-α contents （P＜0.05）. ConclusionRHP can increase skin melanin content of vitiligo mice.The mechanism of action may be related to activating the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway， and then reducing the destruction of melanocytes by T cell-mediated autoimmunity.

ObjectiveTo analyze the trends in life expectancy and cause-eliminated life expectancy of the registered residents in Qingpu District, Shanghai from 2002 to 2021, and to identify the major diseases causing life expectancy loss in the area, so as to provide a theoretical basis for strengthening disease prevention and interventions and optimizing health resources allocation. MethodsUsing the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 classification of death causes, average life expectancy and cause-eliminated life expectancy were calculated with the abbreviated life table and the cause-eliminated life expectancy table. A trend forecast of life expectancy from 2022 to 2029 was made. ResultsFrom 2002 to 2021, the life expectancy of Qingpu District residents showed an increasing trend, with an average annual growth of 0.32 years (AAPC=0.39%, P<0.001). Among the seven major causes of death, the cause-eliminated expected life expectancy for circulatory system diseases showed the most significant upward trend (AAPC=0.53%, P<0.001), rising from the third leading cause of death in 2002 to the first in 2021. The life expectancy loss rate due to circulatory system diseases increased from 3.79% to 7.97%. Respiratory system diseases showed the largest decline, decreasing from the first leading cause of death in 2002 to the fourth in 2021, with the life expectancy loss rate decreasing from 6.83% to 0.99%. ConclusionLife expectancy of the registered residents in Qingpu District has reached a leading level in China. Future efforts should focus on effectively increasing the life expectancy of male residents, strengthening the comprehensive prevention and treatment of chronic diseases such as cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, and malignant tumors, and improving health promotion policies for residents to achieve a steady long-term increase in regional life expectancy.

AIM:To observe the effect of curcumin on a C57BL/6J mouse liver cancer model induced by N-ni-trosodiethylamine(DEN)combined with carbon tetrachloride(CCl4),and to explore its mechanism.METHODS:Forty young male C57BL/6J mice were intraperitoneally injected with DEN(25 mg/kg)14 d after birth and randomly divided in-to the following 4 groups at the 4th week(10 in each group):model control group and curcumin(100,200 and 400 mg/kg)groups.Ten male mice of the same age were used as normal control group.The mice in model group and curcumin groups were gavaged with 10%CCl4(5 mL/kg)twice a week from the 8th week on.At the same time,the mice in curcumin groups were gavaged with curcumin,and the mice in normal control group were gavaged with the same volume of distilled water once a day for 14 weeks.After administration,the mice were sacrificed,the liver surface was observed,and the number of tumor nodules was compared.The activity of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)in serum was detected by an automatic biochemical instrument.The pathological changes of liver tissues were ob-served by HE staining.The mRNA expression levels of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)and NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1)were detected by RT-qPCR,and the protein expression levels of HO-1,NQO1 and Ki67 were detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:Compared with normal control group,the body weight of the mice in model group was decreased significantly(P＜0.01),the liver index was increased significantly(P＜0.01),and the se-rum levels of ALT and AST were increased obviously(P＜0.01).There was no significant difference in the mRNA expres-sion levels of HO-1 and NQO1(P＞0.05),the protein levels of HO-1 and NQO1 were increased distinctly(P＜0.05),and the positive expression rate of Ki67 was increased significantly(P＜0.05).After curcumin treatment,the body weight of the mice was significantly increased(P＜0.01),the liver index was not changed(P＞0.05),and the number of tumor nodules in the liver was decreased significantly(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The serum level of AST was decreased significantly(P＜0.01),the mRNA and protein expression levels of HO-1 and NQO1 were decreased significantly(P＜0.05),and the posi-tive expression rate of Ki67 was decreased significantly(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:Curcumin significantly protects against liver cancer in a C57BL/6J mouse model induced by DEN combined with CCl4,and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of HO-1 and NQO1 expression.

Background::Hypothermia therapy has been suggested to attenuate myocardial necrosis; however, the clinical implementation as a valid therapeutic strategy has failed, and new approaches are needed to translate into clinical applications. This study aimed to assess the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a novel selective intracoronary hypothermia (SICH) device in mitigating myocardial reperfusion injury.Methods::This study comprised two phases. The first phase of the SICH was performed in a normal porcine model for 30 minutes ( n = 5) to evaluate its feasibility. The second phase was conducted in a porcine myocardial infarction (MI) model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion which was performed by balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 60 minutes and maintained for 42 days. Pigs in the hypothermia group ( n = 8) received hypothermia intervention onset reperfusion for 30 minutes and controls ( n = 8) received no intervention. All animals were followed for 42 days. Cardiac magnetic resonance analysis (five and 42 days post-MI) and a series of biomarkers/histological studies were performed. Results::The average time to lower temperatures to a steady state was 4.8 ± 0.8 s. SICH had no impact on blood pressure or heart rate and was safely performed without complications by using a 3.9 F catheter. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein (CRP), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were lower at 60 min post perfusion in pigs that underwent SICH as compared with the control group. On day 5 post MI/R, edema, intramyocardial hemorrhage, and microvascular obstruction were reduced in the hypothermia group. On day 42 post MI/R, the infarct size, IL-6, CRP, BNP, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 were reduced, and the ejection fraction was improved in pigs that underwent SICH.Conclusions::The SICH device safely and effectively reduced the infarct size and improved heart function in a pig model of MI/R. These beneficial effects indicate the clinical potential of SICH for treatment of myocardial reperfusion injury.

Human still has limited understanding of respiratory infectious diseases, especially emerging acute respiratory infectious diseases. Once the pandemic of this kind of infectious disease occur, it would be a serious challenge to health, political security, the economic development, and social stability. People hope to detect the changes in infectious diseases in early phase through surveillance and give early warning in time. In the field of public health, more attention has been paid to syndrome surveillance as an effective supplement to traditional surveillance. This paper summarizes the current surveillance system of infectious diseases abroad, introduces the syndrome surveillance system of acute respiratory infectious disease and its application in China, and discusses the development of syndrome surveillance and early warning technology for acute respiratory infectious diseases in the future.

Objective:To investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice status of ophthalmic nurses on prevention and control of intraocular infection in grade Ⅲ class A hospitals.Methods:A self-made questionnaire was used to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice of 236 nurses on prevention and control of intraocular infection in the ophthalmology department of 8 grade Ⅲ class A hospitals in Zhengzhou from January to June 2020. The correlation between the knowledge, attitude and practice were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis and the influencing factors of each term were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression.Results:The scores of knowledge, attitude, practice of all nurses were (26.08 ± 2.46), (67.45 ± 8.48), (50.31 ± 6.67) points, and the scoring rate were (87.0 ± 8.2)%, (84.3 ± 10.1)%, (83.9 ± 9.8)%, respectively. The scores of each dimension of knowledge, attitude and practice were significantly positively correlated ( r values were 0.26-0.42, all P<0.05), respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that education background, professional title and training experience of infection were the influencing factors of knowledge score ( P<0.05), education background, professional title, training experience of infection and demand were the influencing factors of attitude score ( P<0.05), and nursing age and work post were the influencing factors of practice score ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The level of knowledge, attitude and practice of ophthalmic nurses in grade Ⅲ class A hospitals on prevention and control of intraocular infection is overall good. Hospital management department still needs to make reasonable management countermeasures according to personnel characteristics to improve the knowledge, attitude and practice level of ophthalmic nurses and to reduce post-operative intraocular infection.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease with unknown etiology and limited therapeutic options. Activation of fibroblasts is a prominent feature of pulmonary fibrosis. Here we report that lncRNA DACH1 (dachshund homolog 1) is downregulated in the lungs of IPF patients and in an experimental mouse model of lung fibrosis. LncDACH1 knockout mice develop spontaneous pulmonary fibrosis, whereas overexpression of LncDACH1 attenuated TGF-β1-induced aberrant activation, collagen deposition and differentiation of mouse lung fibroblasts. Similarly, forced expression of LncDACH1 not only prevented bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis, but also reversed established lung fibrosis in a BLM model. Mechanistically, LncDACH1 binding to the serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1) protein decreases its activity and inhibits the accumulation of Ctnnb1. Enhanced expression of SRSF1 blocked the anti-fibrotic effect of LncDACH1 in lung fibroblasts. Furthermore, loss of LncDACH1 promoted proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in mouse lung fibroblasts, whereas such effects were abolished by silencing of Ctnnb1. In addition, a conserved fragment of LncDACH1 alleviated hyperproliferation, ECM deposition and differentiation of MRC-5 cells driven by TGF-β1. Collectively, LncDACH1 inhibits lung fibrosis by interacting with SRSF1 to suppress CTNNB1 accumulation, suggesting that LncDACH1 might be a potential therapeutic target for pulmonary fibrosis.

Objective:To explore the ultrasonography and classification management strategy for adult atrial septal aneurysm (ASA).Methods:Of 138 patients diagnosed with ASA by the transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), in No.83 Army Hospital and No.988 Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force from January 2015 to October 2019, 103 underwent the transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), and all were examined by the right heart contrast transthoracic echocardiography (cTTE). According to the semi-quantitative method, the shunt was graded, classified, and managed through follow-up or surgical treatment.Results:In the resting state, among 138 patients, 26 cases were detected by TTE as ASA with patent foramen ovale (PFO), showing left-to-right shunt. Among 112 patients with no shunt detected by TTE, 103 cases underwent TEE, of whom 44 cases had PFO and left-to-right shunt. The detection rate of PFO shunt by TEE was significantly higher than that of TTE (42.72% vs 18.84%, P<0.001). Out of the 138 patients who underwent cTTE, 96 cases had different degrees of right-to-left shunt. According to the semi-quantitative standard, there were 15 cases of grade Ⅰ, 28 cases of grade Ⅱ, and 53 cases of grade Ⅲ. The detection rate of cTTE was significantly higher than that of TTE and TEE (69.56% vs 18.84% and 42.72%, both P<0.001). Among these 96 patients with right-to-left shunt detected by cTTE, 52 cases (54.17%) were clinically diagnosed as cryptogenic stroke, with right-to-left shunt in 6 cases of grade Ⅰ, 12 cases of grade Ⅱ, and 34 cases of grade Ⅲ. The number of new infarcts in patients with grade Ⅱ or Ⅲ shunts who received PFO closure via catheter was significantly lower than that of patients who did not receive closure therapy (0 vs 27.27%, P=0.011). Conclusion:ASA combined with PFO and right-to-left shunts were detected more frequently by ultrasonography combined with cTTE in adults, this helps to formulate a reasonable management strategy.

Objective:To rapidly evaluate the level of healthcare resource demand for laboratory testing and prevention and control of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in different epidemic situation, and prepare for the capacity planning, stockpile distribution, and funding raising for infectious disease epidemic response.Methods:An susceptible, exposed, infectious, removed infectious disease dynamics model with confirmed asymptomatic infection cases and symptomatic hospitalized patients was introduced to simulate different COVID-19 epidemic situation and predict the numbers of hospitalized or isolated patients, and based on the current COVID-19 prevention and control measures in China, the demands of resources for laboratory testing and prevention and control of COVID-19 were evaluated.Results:When community or local transmission or outbreaks occur and total population nucleic acid testing is implemented, the need for human resources is 3.3-89.1 times higher than the reserved, and the current resources of medical personal protective equipment and instruments can meet the need. The surge in asymptomatic infections can also increase the human resource demand for laboratory testing and pose challenge to the prevention and control of the disease. When vaccine protection coverage reach ≥50%, appropriate adjustment of the prevention and control measures can reduce the need for laboratory and human resources.Conclusions:There is a great need in our country to reserve the human resources for laboratory testing and disease prevention and control for the response of the possible epidemic of COVID-19. Challenges to human resources resulted from total population nucleic acid testing and its necessity need to be considered. Conducting non-pharmaceutical interventions and encouraging more people to be vaccinated can mitigate the shock on healthcare resource demand in COVID-19 prevention and control.