[Objective]To analyze the prescription medication pattern of internal Chinese drugs for palmoplantar pustulosis(PPP)based on data mining method.[Methods]China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform,China Science and Technology Journal Database and China Biology Medicine disc(CBMdisc)were searched for literature on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)treatment of PPP from self-establishment date to June 2023,and prescriptions that met the inclusion criteria were screened,standardized and analyzed by drug efficacy categorization,frequency analysis,nature and flavor channel tropism analysis,association rule analysis and entropy clustering analysis for the patterns of drug use.[Results]In the internal treatment of PPP,the most frequently used drugs are"clearing heat and detoxifying""clearing heat and cooling blood""clearing heat and drying dampness";the most frequently used drugs are Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae,Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma;in the analysis of the association of drug use patterns,the top three drugs with high frequency are Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch-Moutan Cortex,Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Lonicerae Japonicae Flos-Forsythia suspensa(Thunb.)Vahl.In the analysis of combination pattern rule,Moutan Cortex→Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch,Forsythia suspensa(Thunb.)Vahl→Lonicerae Japonicae Flos,Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz→Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae with high confidence;28 potential core combinations and 14 new prescriptions were obtained based on entropy clustering formula grouping rule analysis.[Conclusion]The internal treatment of PPP in TCM often focuses on clearing heat and dispelling dampness as the core of treatment,selecting bitter and cold drugs,focusing on the liver and stomach meridians.The use of Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae and Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch in the prescription,as well as the combination of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch and Moutan Cortex,Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae and Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz,Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Forsythia suspensa(Thunb.)Vahl,have great clinical and scientific value.By mining potential and implicit drug formulation patterns in the data,a core combination of dispelling dampness and heat as well as cooling blood and detoxifying can be derived,providing reference for clinical research and prescription medication in the internal treatment of PPP in TCM.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of single sperm sequencing in preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disease (PGT-M). METHODS: A Chinese couple with two children whom had died of Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and attended the Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital in June 2020 was selected as the subject. Eleven single sperm samples were isolated by mechanical immobilization and subjected to whole genome amplification. Real-time PCR and Sanger sequencing were used to detect the SMN1 variants in the single sperm samples. Genomic DNA of the wife, her parents and the husband, as well as one single sperm sample harboring the SMN1 variant and two single sperm samples without the variant were used for the linkage analysis. Targeted capture and high-throughput sequencing were carried out to test 100 single nucleotide polymorphisms distributed within 2 Mb up- and downstream the variant site. The haplotypes linked with the SMN1 variants were determined by linkage analysis. Blastocyst embryos were harvested after fertilizing by intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Cells from the trophoblasts of each embryo were biopsied and subjected to whole genome amplification and targeted capture and high-throughput sequencing to determine their carrier status. Chromosomal aneuploidy of wild-type embryos was excluded. An euploid embryo of high quality was transferred. Amniotic fluid sample was taken at 18 weeks of gestation to confirm the status of the fetus. RESULTS: Genetic testing showed that the couple both had deletion of exons 7 ~ 8 of the SMN1 gene. The wife has inherited the deletion from her father, while the husband was de novo. The haplotypes of the husband were successfully constructed by single sperm sequencing. Preimplantation genetic testing has indicated that 5 embryos had harbored the heterozygous variant, 4 embryos were of the wild type, among which 3 were euploid. Prenatal diagnosis during the second trimester of pregnancy has confirmed that the fetus did not carry the deletion. CONCLUSION By single sperm sequencing and PGT-M, the birth of further affected child has been successfully avoided.
Humans ; Pregnancy ; Female ; Child ; Male ; Preimplantation Diagnosis ; East Asian People ; Semen ; Genetic Testing ; Muscular Atrophy, Spinal/genetics* ; Aneuploidy ; Blastocyst/pathology* ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Spermatozoa

Objective:To compare the difference of the ocular surface and efficacy of orthokeratology lenses wearing after using sodium hyaluronate eye drops, rewetting drops and saline solution.Methods:A randomized single-blind controlled trial was conducted.A total of 90 right eyes from 90 myopic patients were recruited from June 2017 to April 2018 in Hainan Eye Hospital.All the subjects received vision correction by orthokeratology lens, and were randomly divided into three groups by random number table method, with 30 eyes in each group.The sodium hyaluronate group was given preservative-free sodium hyaluronate eye drops (1 g/L), the rewetting drops group was given rewetting drops, and the saline solution group was given nonpreserved 0.9% NaCl.The vision, subjective refraction, corneal topography, non-invasive first tear film break-up time(NIKf-BUT) and fluorescein stain of corneal epithelium (FL) were detected before and 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months after the lens wearing.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the institutional Ethical Committee Review Board of Hainan Eye Hospital.Results:The NIKf-BUT in the sodium hyaluronate group at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after wearing orthokeratology lens was (7.13±1.71), (6.61±1.49), (6.37±1.82) and (7.01±1.63) seconds, respectively, which was obviously higher than (6.32±1.71), (5.53±1.42), (5.57±1.50) and (6.17±1.63) seconds in the rewetting drops group at the corresponding time points and (6.36±1.58), (5.81±1.49), (5.74±1.77) and (6.28±1.53) seconds in the saline solution group at the corresponding time points (all at P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in FL score between the rewetting drops group and saline solution group at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after wearing the orthokeratology lens (all at P>0.05). Lower FL scores were observed in the sodium hyaluronate group compared to the the rewetting drops group and saline solution group after wearing the orthokeratology lens (all at P<0.05). No differences were found in uncorrected visual acuity, spherical equivalent and average K value among the groups (all at P>0.05). Conclusions:Compared with the rewetting drops and saline solution, the preservative-free sodium hyaluronate eye drops can stabilize the tear film and have less effect on corneal epithelium at the early stage of orthokeratology lens wearing.However, there is no significant difference in the improvement of visual acuity and the rate of corneal shaping.

Objective:To investigate the in vitro interaction between antifungals and tacrolimus against Fusarium solani. Methods:According to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) M27-Ed4 and M38-A3, 24 strains of Fusarium solani isolated from clinic were used to test the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the four antifungals.Chessboard microdilution method was used to evaluate the interaction of tacrolimus (FK506) combined with four antifungals in vitro.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Hainan Eye Hospital (No.2017-006). Results:The MIC ranges of fluconazole, voriconazole, natamycin and amphotericin B against 24 strains of Fusarium were 64-256 μg/ml, 1-8 μg/ml, 2-8 μg/ml and 1-8 μg/ml, respectively.Tacrolimus combined with fluconazole, voriconazole, natamycin and amphotericin B had synergistic effects on 12.5% (3/24), 4.2% (1/24), 16.7% (4/24) and 29.2% (7/24) Fusarium, respectively.There were no antagonistic effect in this study. Conclusions:Fusarium is sensitive to natamycin in vitro and partly sensitive to amphotericin B and voriconazole.Synergistic effects exist in few strains of Fusarium but no antagonistic effect.

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a neuroimaging technique which provides exquisite details on tissue microstructure. DTI also plays an important role in 3D reconstruction and visualization of white matter tracts and providing information about the relationship between these tracts and the tumor mass. DTI can not only guide neurosurgeons to optimize the actual surgical procedures and avoid injures to intact, functioning tracts, but also can improve the total rate resection of tumor. At the same time, it can also assist in preoperative risk assessment and postoperative functional assessment. This review is classified by different tractographies involved in brain tumors; it summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of DTI in the last decade. Therefore, this review provides new research methods and evidence for the future complex intracranial tumor treatment.

Background Hainan Island is a tropical and subtropical area in China,with a suitable climate for fungal growth and breeding.Keratomycosis occurred frequently in this area.It is essential to analyze the causative genus and investigate the sensitive drugs prior to the clinical treatment of fungal keratitis.Objective This study attempted to analyze the fungal population of fungal corneal ulcer patients in Hainan Island of China and examine the susceptibility of antifungal drugs.Methods A series cases observational study was carried out.One hundred and seventy-four eyes of 174 fungal corneal ulcer patients were enrolled in Hainan Eye Hospital from February 2014 to May 2016 based on the diagnosis criteria in Ophthalmology.The specimens at corneal lesions were collected under the aseptic conditions,and fungus was examined by KOH based smear.Mycological culture was performed with potatodextrose agar and Sabourand's agar.The 82 cultured causative strains were identified to characterize the spectrum of the species associated with keratitis infections in Hainan Province.Susceptibilities of these causative strains to ten antifungals were determined in vitro by slip diffusion method.Results By smear microscopy,fungal hyphae and spores were found in 34 specimens of 126 patients,with the positive rate 27.0％.In 174 specimens of fungal culture,82 strains of fungi were found,with the positive rate 47.1％,and typing results revealed that the isolates were distributed among species in the fusarium (47.5％),non-spore fungus (12.2％),aspergillus (9.8％) and phoma (9.8％).Nystatin was proved to be the most effective drug to 77 strains of antifungal drug susceptibility,followed by amphotericin B and terbinafine,with the susceptibility of 88.3 ％,72.7 ％,and 71.4％,respectively.Conclusions Fusarium species,non-spore fungus,aspergillus,and phoma are common pathogenic fungi of keratomycosis around Hainan Island in China,and nystatin,amphotericin B and terbinafine are efficient in the treatment of the fungal corneal ulcer.

Objective To evaluate the effects of pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) application to dorsal root ganglia on the expression of interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) in the spinal cord and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein in the nucleus accumbens of rats with neuropathic pain (NP).Methods Forty healthy pathogen-free male Wistar rats,weighing 180-200 g,aged 2 months,were divided into 4 groups (n=10 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group Sham),group NP,sham PRF group (group SPRF) and PRF group.NP was induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) to the left sciatic nerve of anesthetized rats.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) was measured before CCI and at 3,7,10,14,21,28,35 and 42 days after CCI.Sucrose preference test and forced-swim test were performed at 42 days after CCI for determination of the expression of IRF8 in the spinal cord and BDNF in the nucleus accumbens by Western blot.Results Compared with group Sham,the MWT at each time point after CCI and rate of preference for sucrose were significantly decreased,the duration of immobility in forced-swim test was prolonged,and the expression of IRF8 and BDNF was up-regulated in NP,SPRF and PRF groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group NP,the MWT at 10-42 days after CCI and rate of preference for sucrose were significantly increased,the duration of immobility in forced-swim test was shortened,and the expression of IRF8 and BDNF was down-regulated in group PRF (P＜0.05),and no significant changes were found in the parameters mentioned above in group SPRF (P＞O.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which PRF application to dorsal root ganglia alleviates NP and depressive-like behaviors is probably related to down-regulation of the expression of IRF8 in the spinal cord and BDNF in the nucleus accumbens of rats.

Objective:To analyze clinical features and imaging characteristics of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) confirmed by pathological examination, and improve clinicians understanding of the disease and reduce the disease misdiagnosis. Methods:General information, clinical manifestations,laboratory examination and radiographic features of 25 patients with COP confirmed by pathological examination of lung biopsy were collected, and a comprehensive analysis of these data was made. Results:There were 15 males and 10 females in 25 patients.The mean age was (61.4±13.1) years.And 6 cases (24??0%) had smoking history. All patients had no obvious allergic and industrial dust related exposure history. The clinical presentations were nonspecific, and the main clinical symptoms were cough with a small amount of sputum. The most common laboratory tests was counting normal white blood cells and faster blood sedimentation.The main features of chest CT were space occupying lesions and patchy consolidation or ground-glass opacification.Conclusion:The clinical manifestation and laboratory examination of COP lack of characteristic, and the chest CT performance is similar to tumor and lung infection, and the diagnosis of COP depends on pathological examination.In order to reduce misdiagnosis,clinical doctors should improve the awareness and vigilance of the disease.

Objective To investigate the effect of combined administration of autophagy inhibitor 3?methyladenine/bafilomycin A1 and EGFR inhibitor gefitinib on triple?negative breast cancer MDA?MB?468, MDA?MB?231 cells and estrogen receptor?positive MCF?7 cells. Methods All the cells were treated with 3?methyladenine/bafilomycin A1 and/or gefitinib. The effect of autophagy inhibitor and gefitinib on the cell growth was evaluated by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was used to determine the alteration of autophagy?related protein ( such as LC3) and apoptosis?related proteins ( such as caspase?3 and caspase?9) . Results MTT assay showed that the IC50 in the GE+3?MA and GE+BAF groups were (4.1±0.2) μmol/L and (3.8±0.3) μmol/L, significantly lower than that of the gefitinib alone group [(7.0±0.2) μmol/L] in MDA?MB?468 cells (P<0.05). Similarly, the IC50 in the GE+3?MA and GE+BAF groups were (9.7±0.1) μmol/L and (7.7±0.2) μmol/L, significantly lower than that of the gefitinib alone group [(14.7±0.1) μmol/L]in MDA?MB231 cells (P<0.05). The flow cytometry assay revealed that the apoptosis rates of MDA?MB?468 cells in GE, GE+3?MA and GE+BAF groups were (12.43± 3.18)%, (23.37±2.71)% and (18.71±2.81)%, respectively. The apoptosis rates of MDA?MB?231 cells of the GE, GE+3?MA and GE+BAF groups were (12.15±1.82)%, (16.94±2.19)% and (33.83±5.92) %, significantly higher than that of the gefitinib alone group (All P<0.05). The apoptosis rates of the MCF?7 cells were not changed significantly among the three groups (P>0.05). Western blot data showed that the expression levels of LC3 and p?Akt were decreased in the combined groups than that of the gefitinib alone group, while the p?PTEN, caspase?3 and caspase?9 were increased. Conclusions Autophagy inhibitor may enhance the sensitivity to gefitinib in MDA?MB?468 and MDA?MB?231 cells by activation of the PTEN/P13K/Akt pathway. Apoptosis in MDA?MB?468 and MDA?MB?231 cells might be enhanced by the combination treatment through caspase cascade.

Objective To investigate the effect of combined administration of autophagy inhibitor 3?methyladenine/bafilomycin A1 and EGFR inhibitor gefitinib on triple?negative breast cancer MDA?MB?468, MDA?MB?231 cells and estrogen receptor?positive MCF?7 cells. Methods All the cells were treated with 3?methyladenine/bafilomycin A1 and/or gefitinib. The effect of autophagy inhibitor and gefitinib on the cell growth was evaluated by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was used to determine the alteration of autophagy?related protein ( such as LC3) and apoptosis?related proteins ( such as caspase?3 and caspase?9) . Results MTT assay showed that the IC50 in the GE+3?MA and GE+BAF groups were (4.1±0.2) μmol/L and (3.8±0.3) μmol/L, significantly lower than that of the gefitinib alone group [(7.0±0.2) μmol/L] in MDA?MB?468 cells (P<0.05). Similarly, the IC50 in the GE+3?MA and GE+BAF groups were (9.7±0.1) μmol/L and (7.7±0.2) μmol/L, significantly lower than that of the gefitinib alone group [(14.7±0.1) μmol/L]in MDA?MB231 cells (P<0.05). The flow cytometry assay revealed that the apoptosis rates of MDA?MB?468 cells in GE, GE+3?MA and GE+BAF groups were (12.43± 3.18)%, (23.37±2.71)% and (18.71±2.81)%, respectively. The apoptosis rates of MDA?MB?231 cells of the GE, GE+3?MA and GE+BAF groups were (12.15±1.82)%, (16.94±2.19)% and (33.83±5.92) %, significantly higher than that of the gefitinib alone group (All P<0.05). The apoptosis rates of the MCF?7 cells were not changed significantly among the three groups (P>0.05). Western blot data showed that the expression levels of LC3 and p?Akt were decreased in the combined groups than that of the gefitinib alone group, while the p?PTEN, caspase?3 and caspase?9 were increased. Conclusions Autophagy inhibitor may enhance the sensitivity to gefitinib in MDA?MB?468 and MDA?MB?231 cells by activation of the PTEN/P13K/Akt pathway. Apoptosis in MDA?MB?468 and MDA?MB?231 cells might be enhanced by the combination treatment through caspase cascade.