ObjectiveTo establish an analytical method for the determination of resorcinol, ferulic acid, phenethylresorcinol and benzoyl peroxide in freckle whitening cosmetics by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), to provide data support for the establishment of cosmetics inspection methods and technical support for the supervision of the cosmetics industry. MethodsThe analytes in samples were extracted by ultrasonic acetonitrile after methanol vortex, and then filtered by centrifugation and microporous filter membrane. Finally, the analytes were separated with a SVEA C4 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase was composed of 0.1% phosphoric acid solution -acetonitrile, and the gradient elution was applied, with a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min^-1. The samples were detected by an ultra-violet detector and quantified by external standard method. ResultsResorcinol, ferulic acid, phenylethylresorcinol and benzoyl peroxide showed good linearity in the experimental range with r>0.999. HPLC was used to investigate the positive spiked recoveries of ferulic acid or phenylethylresorcinol with different matrices. The results showed that the recoveries were all in the range of 87.48% to 101.00%, and the relative standard deviations were all in the range of 3.4% to 4.1%. Furthermore, HPLC also examined the blank matrix spiked with the recoveries ranged from 93.26% to 107.66%, with the relative standard deviation of 0.90% to 2.90%. The limits of detection ranged from 0.000 8% to 0.002%. Among the30 batches of standard freckle whitening cosmetics determined, 6 batches of which were detected with phenethylresorcinol and 1 batch with ferulic acid. ConclusionHPLC is a method with rapidity, simplicity, and high sensitivity, which is suitable for the simultaneous determination of resorcinol, ferulic acid, phenethylresorcinol and benzoyl peroxide in commercially available cosmetics.

Objective To monitor the validity of the sample process flow and to improve the detection accuracy of a SARS-CoV-2 antigen by introducing internal reference into SARS-CoV-2 fluorescent lateral flow assay.Methods Silica-core double-layer quantum dots(SiO2-DQD)microspheres were prepared using a polyethyleneimine(PEI)-mediated self-assembly method before being separately conjugated with an internal reference detection antibody and SARS-CoV-2 antibody.Their capture antibodies were plotted on two test lines of the nitrocellulose membrane.Based on double-antibody sandwich detection principles,an internal reference-assisted fluorescent lateral flow assay for SARS-CoV-2 antigen was established.Results According to the readout fluorescent signals,the detection limit of the method for the SARS-CoV-2 antigen reached 0.01 ng/ml with a validated sample process,suggesting its good specificity and stability.Conclusion In this study,a rapid internal reference-integrated fluorescent lateral flow assay for SARS-CoV-2 has been established,which provides control reference for the analysis workflow so that the false-negative rate of the test results can be reduced.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant digestive tract tumor with poor prognosis. Most of patients with PC are insensitive to traditional strategies of chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. PC with microsatellite instability-high/deficient mismatch repair (MSI-H/dMMR) is rare in clinic, which has distinctive clinicopathological characteristics and better prognosis from conventional PC. Reasonable acquisition of pancreatic tumor biopsy and accurate assessment of MSI-H/dMMR status are helpful for accurate diagnosis of such patients. Individualized treatment strategy based on immunotherapy can significantly improve the prognosis of patients with MSI-H/dMMR PC. Based on relevant literatures of domestic and foreign, the authors discuss the current status and research hotspots of diagnosis and treatment for MSI-H/dMMR PC.

We conducted a prospective study to assess the non-inferiority of adjuvant chemotherapy alone versus adjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) as an alternative strategy for patients with early-stage (FIGO 2009 stage IB-IIA) cervical cancer having risk factors after surgery. The condition was assessed in terms of prognosis, adverse effects, and quality of life. This randomized trial involved nine centers across China. Eligible patients were randomized to receive adjuvant chemotherapy or CCRT after surgery. The primary end-point was progression-free survival (PFS). From December 2012 to December 2014, 337 patients were subjected to randomization. Final analysis included 329 patients, including 165 in the adjuvant chemotherapy group and 164 in the adjuvant CCRT group. The median follow-up was 72.1 months. The three-year PFS rates were both 91.9%, and the five-year OS was 90.6% versus 90.0% in adjuvant chemotherapy and CCRT groups, respectively. No significant differences were observed in the PFS or OS between groups. The adjusted HR for PFS was 0.854 (95% confidence interval 0.415-1.757; P = 0.667) favoring adjuvant chemotherapy, excluding the predefined non-inferiority boundary of 1.9. The chemotherapy group showed a tendency toward good quality of life. In comparison with post-operative adjuvant CCRT, adjuvant chemotherapy treatment showed non-inferior efficacy in patients with early-stage cervical cancer having pathological risk factors. Adjuvant chemotherapy alone is a favorable alternative post-operative treatment.
Female ; Humans ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Prospective Studies ; Quality of Life ; Neoplasm Staging ; Chemoradiotherapy ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant/adverse effects* ; Adjuvants, Immunologic ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use* ; Retrospective Studies

Osteoporosis is a chronic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass， destruction of bone tissue microarchitecture， and imbalance of bone homeostasis， leading to increased bone fragility and increased risk of fractures. Oxidative stress caused by the disruption of the balance between excess reactive oxygen species （ROS） and the anti-oxidative system is an important factor in the occurrence and progression of osteoporosis. Nuclear factor E₂-related factor 2 （Nrf2）/heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） is an important anti-oxidative stress pathway. Nrf2 is a primary factor in regulating cellular oxidative stress. Activating Nrf2 can stimulate the expression of HO-1. HO-1 is a key enzyme whose metabolites are bile green Oxygen， carbon monoxide， and free iron. The metabolites can scavenge ROS， thereby exerting an antioxidant effect in cells. At present， domestic and foreign scholars have reported that the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway is closely related to the occurrence and development of osteoporosis and the mechanism of drugs. Chinese medicine can effectively solve the insufficiency of western medicine with multi-target， multi-channel， and multi-level advantages. Chinese medicine can resist oxidative stress， inflammatory response， and apoptosis by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway， thus treating osteoporosis. This article reviewed the relationship between Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and its key target protein factors and osteoporosis， to clarify the important role of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in osteoporosis. At the same time， a systematic summary of Chinese medicines targeting and regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway for the treatment of osteoporosis was conducted， to provide a theoretical basis for further precise treatment of osteoporosis.

The facultative anaerobic and strict anaerobic microorganisms enriched and acclimated during the anaerobic digestion process are crucial for the efficiency of the anaerobic digestion system. Most of the problems encountered during running anaerobic digestion processes could be effectively improved via stimulation of microbial metabolic activity. Benefited from the rapid development of microbiome techniques, deeper insights into the microbial diversity in anaerobic digestion systems, e.g. the microbe-microbe interactions and microbe-environment interactions, have been gained. A complex and intricate metabolic network exists in the anaerobic digestion system of solid organic wastes. However, little is known about these interactions and the underlying mechanisms. This review briefly summarized the representative interactions between microbial communities during anaerobic digestion process discovered to date. In addition, typical issues encountered during the anaerobic digestion of solid organic wastes and how microbes can tackle and alleviate these issues were discussed. Finally, future priorities on microbiome research were proposed based on present contribution of microbiome analysis in anaerobic digestion system.
Anaerobiosis ; Bioreactors ; Methane ; Microbial Interactions ; Microbiota ; Solid Waste

Objective: To investigate the principles of differential diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates in cancer patients during the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by analyzing one case of lymphoma who presented pulmonary ground-glass opacities (GGO) after courses of chemotherapy. Methods: Baseline demographics and clinicopathological data of eligible patients were retrieved from medical records. Information of clinical manifestations, history of epidemiology, lab tests and chest CT scan images of visiting patients from February 13 to February 28 were collected. Literatures about pulmonary infiltrates in cancer patients were searched from databases including PUBMED, EMBASE and CNKI. Results: Among the 139 cancer patients underwent chest CT scans before chemotherapy, pulmonary infiltrates were identified in eight patients (5.8%), five of whom were characterized as GGOs in lungs. 2019-nCoV nuclear acid testing was performed in three patients and the results were negative. One case was a 66-year-old man diagnosed as non-Hodgkin lymphoma and underwent CHOP chemotherapy regimen. His chest CT scan image displayed multiple GGOs in lungs and the complete blood count showed decreased lymphocytes. This patient denied any contact with confirmed/suspected cases of 2019-nCoV infection and without fever and other respiratory symptoms. Considering the negative result of nuclear acid testing, this patient was presumptively diagnosed as viral pneumonia and an experiential anti-infection treatment had been prescribed for him. Conclusions The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) complicates the clinical scenario of pulmonary infiltrates in cancer patients. The epidemic history, clinical manifestation, CT scan image and lab test should be combined consideration. The 2019-nCoV nuclear acid testing might be applicated in more selected patients. Active anti-infection treatment and surveillance of patient condition should be initiated if infectious disease is considered.

Objective:To explore the effects of metformin on the prognosis of type Ⅰ endometrial carcinoma (EC) patients complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods:The clinical data of 45 type Ⅰ EC patients complicated with T2DM (T2DM group) and 147 type Ⅰ EC patients without diabetes mellitus (non-diabetes group) admitted to Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from January 2010 to December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. The type Ⅰ EC patients with T2DM were divided into two groups, metformin group ( n=23, taking metformin to control blood glucose in normal range) and non-metformin group ( n=22, taking other hypoglycemic drugs or using insulin to control blood glucose in normal range). The clinicopathological characteristics of T2DM group and non-diabetes group were compared, and the effects of metformin on the prognosis of type Ⅰ EC patients with T2DM were analyzed. Results:Compared with non-diabetes group, the type Ⅰ EC patients in T2DM group have the older onset age ( t=4.331, P<0.001), more complicated with hypertension ( χ2=19.252, P<0.001), later surgical pathological stage ( χ2=4.588, P=0.032), higher histological grade ( χ2=6.069, P=0.048), deeper myometrial infiltration ( χ2=7.743, P=0.005) and higher incidence of lymph node metastasis ( χ2=4.885, P=0.027). The median progression-free survival (PFS) (47.0 months vs. 38.0 months) and median overall survival (OS) (52.0 months vs. 41.0 months) in metformin group were significantly longer than those in non-metformin group ( χ2=10.899, P=0.001; χ2=10.090, P=0.001). There was no significant difference in median PFS (47.0 months vs. 46.0 months) and median OS (52.0 months vs. 46.0 months) between metformin group and non-diabetes group ( χ2=0.791, P=0.374; χ2=0.836, P=0.360). Cox multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors of PFS and OS in type ⅠEC patients were old onset age( OR=2.128, 95% CI: 1.361-3.328, P=0.001; OR=4.502, 95% CI: 1.696-11.954, P=0.003), late surgical pathological stage( OR=2.231, 95% CI: 1.437-3.462, P=0.001; OR=4.005, 95% CI: 1.480-10.836, P=0.006), high histological grade( P=0.001; P=0.017; G2 vs.G1: OR=5.660, 95% CI: 3.424-9.357, P=0.001; OR=5.763, 95% CI: 1.666-19.938, P=0.006), deep myometrial invasion( OR=1.531, 95% CI: 1.049-2.235, P=0.027; OR=3.759, 95% CI: 1.890-7.476, P=0.001), positive lymph node metastasis ( OR=11.277, 95% CI: 2.774-45.838, P=0.001; OR=8.451, 95% CI: 1.138-62.767, P=0.037)and T2DM ( OR=1.897, 95% CI: 1.096-3.281, P=0.008; OR=1.813, 95% CI: 1.043-3.151, P=0.012). Metformin was the protective factor of PFS ( OR=0.412, 95% CI: 0.207-0.818, P=0.002) and OS ( OR=0.455, 95% CI: 0.228-0.905, P=0.008) in type Ⅰ EC patients with T2DM. Conclusion:Complication with T2DM is the negative factor on the prognosis of type Ⅰ EC patients. Intake of metformin can significantly improve the PFS and OS of type Ⅰ EC patients complicated with T2DM and improve the prognosis.

Objective:To explore the safety and therapeutic effect of programmed death 1 (PD-1) antibody combined with chemotherapy as a neoadjuvant therapy for patients with stage Ⅱ to Ⅲ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods:Thirteen patients, who had been diagnosed as stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ NSCLC and received PD-1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy as a neoadjuvant treatment in National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital were recruited. The patients received consecutive neoadjuvant chemotherapy for 21 days as a cycle and the therapeutic efficacy was evaluated after two cycles.Results:At the last time of follow-up on December 2, 2019, the objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) of these patients were 61.5% (95% CI 30.9%-92.1%) and 100%, respectively. The downregulation rate of disease stage was 61.5% (8/13). The resectable rate was 38.5% (5/13), among them, the major pathologic response (MPR) was 60.0% (3/5) and the complete pathologic response (CPR) was 20.0% (1/5). The neoadjuvant chemotherapy displayed a low incidence of adverse reaction. The main grade 3 to 4 toxicities were neutropenia (38.5%) and leukopenia (23.1%). There was no significant immune-related toxicity. The safety and tolerability of perioperative period of patients underwent resection were promising. Conclusions:Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy as a neoadjuvant treatment is an effective, low-toxicity treatment manner, which has perioperative safety and high rate of MPR for patients with resectable NSCLC. It is a promising treatment option for patients with stage Ⅱ to Ⅲ NSCLC.

Objective:To explore the safety and therapeutic effect of programmed death 1 (PD-1) antibody combined with chemotherapy as a neoadjuvant therapy for patients with stage Ⅱ to Ⅲ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods:Thirteen patients, who had been diagnosed as stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ NSCLC and received PD-1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy as a neoadjuvant treatment in National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital were recruited. The patients received consecutive neoadjuvant chemotherapy for 21 days as a cycle and the therapeutic efficacy was evaluated after two cycles.Results:At the last time of follow-up on December 2, 2019, the objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) of these patients were 61.5% (95% CI 30.9%-92.1%) and 100%, respectively. The downregulation rate of disease stage was 61.5% (8/13). The resectable rate was 38.5% (5/13), among them, the major pathologic response (MPR) was 60.0% (3/5) and the complete pathologic response (CPR) was 20.0% (1/5). The neoadjuvant chemotherapy displayed a low incidence of adverse reaction. The main grade 3 to 4 toxicities were neutropenia (38.5%) and leukopenia (23.1%). There was no significant immune-related toxicity. The safety and tolerability of perioperative period of patients underwent resection were promising. Conclusions:Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy as a neoadjuvant treatment is an effective, low-toxicity treatment manner, which has perioperative safety and high rate of MPR for patients with resectable NSCLC. It is a promising treatment option for patients with stage Ⅱ to Ⅲ NSCLC.