BACKGROUND:Various proteins,signaling pathways,and inflammatory mediators are involved in the pathophysiological process of osteoarthritis.The development of small molecule drugs targeting these proteins,signaling pathways,and inflammatory mediators can effectively delay the progression of osteoarthritis and ameliorate its clinical manifestations. OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress of small molecule drugs in the treatment of osteoarthritis based on the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. METHODS:PubMed,CNKI,and WanFang databases were searched with English search terms"osteoarthritis,arthritis,osteoarthrosis,degenerative,arthritides,deformans,small molecule drugs,small molecule inhibitors,small molecule agents"and Chinese search terms"osteoarthritis,small molecule drugs,small molecule inhibitors."A total of 68 articles were included for review according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Currently,studies concerning the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis remain unclear.The occurrence and development of osteoarthritis are strongly associated with proteins,cytokines,and signal transduction pathways,so its therapeutic mechanism is relatively complex.Currently,targeting proteins,cytokines,and signal transduction pathways related to osteoarthritis with small molecule drugs has become a major research focus.(2)Small molecule drugs frequently possess visible intracellular or extracellular targets and efficacy,containing enhancing cartilage repair,resisting joint degradation,attenuating inflammation,and relieving pain.Other anti-osteoarthritis small molecule drugs have shown promise in promoting stem cell chondrogenic differentiation and cartilage matrix reconstruction.(3)At present,small molecule drugs targeting the pathophysiological process of osteoarthritis to delay the progression of osteoarthritis are still in the experimental stage,but most of these small molecule drugs have shown the expected results in the experimental process,and there are no relevant studies to illustrate the efficacy of small molecule drugs in the treatment of osteoarthritis.(4)Small molecule drugs for the treatment of osteoarthritis have reached the expected experimental results in the basic experimental stage.Numerous studies have exhibited that small molecule drugs can target the suppression of specific proteins,cytokines,and signal transduction pathways that cause osteoarthritis,so as to treat osteoarthritis.Nevertheless,its safety and effectiveness still need to be identified by further basic and clinical studies.This process needs to be investigated and studied by more scholars.(5)At present,many scholars in and outside China have made contributions to the treatment of osteoarthritis.Compared with traditional treatment methods,small molecule drugs reveal better efficacy and safety in the basic experimental stage,and it is expected to become an emerging method for the treatment of osteoarthritis in the future to rid patients of pain.

Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and analyze the risk factors of patients with acute dichlorvos poisoning combined with shock.Methods:The clinical data of patients with acute dichlorvos poisoning admitted to the Peking University Third Hospital and the Fifth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital between January 2019 and September 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, and demographic data, poisoning, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, therapeutic measures and clinical outcomes were collected to establish a clinical database. The patients were divided into two groups: the shock group and the non-shock group, and the clinical data were compared between the two groups to analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of shock in acute dichlorvos poisoning, and the risk factors of shock in acute dichlorvos poisoning were analyzed by logistic regression.Results:A total of 134 patients who met the criteria for acute dichlorvos poisoning were included in this study; the incidence of shock within 24 hours of admission was 39.6% (53/134), and 11 patients (8.21%) died in hospital; the in-hospital morbidity and mortality rate of patients in the shock group was higher than that in the non-shock group (20.8% vs. 0.0%, P<0.001). Symptoms of sphincter relaxation, coma, hypothermia, and organ function damage were more common in the shock group than in the non-shock group; and shock patients had longer hospitalization, ICU stay, and invasive ventilator use. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of sphincter relaxation manifestations ( OR=10.888, 95% CI: 1.677-70.684, P=0.012) was an independent risk factor for comorbid shock in patients with acute dichlorvos poisoning, and the use of cholinesterase reanimators ( OR=0.246, 95% CI: 0.072-0.846, P=0.026) was a protective factor for combined shock in patients with acute dichlorvos poisoning. Conclusions:The incidence of shock in patients with acute dichlorvos poisoning is high and affects the clinical prognosis, and the presence of sphincter relaxation and the absence of cholinesterase reenergizers are independent risk factors for combined shock in patients with acute dichlorvos poisoning.

Currently, concurrent chemoradiotherapy is the conventional treatment for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, but the 5-year survival rate of patients is still not high. In recent years, the development of radiotherapy technology has offered more options for patients. In addition, with the improvement of people's living standards, more and more patients begin to pursue the quality of life. There is an urgent need to explore better comprehensive treatment options to improve patient outcomes. In this article, research progress in comprehensive treatment of locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma was reviewed.

Objective To explore the relationship between preoperative coronary angiography and postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in cardiac surgery. Methods The clinical data of patients who underwent coronary angiography within 30 days before cardiac surgery in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University from January 2015 to April 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore the relationship between the interval from preoperative coronary angiography to cardiac surgery and postoperative AKI. Results Finally 1 112 patients were collected, including 700 males and 412 females, with a median age of 61 (55, 66) years. The incidence of postoperative AKI was 40.8% (454/1 112), of which grade 2-3 AKI accounted for 11.9%. Multivariate analysis showed that age (OR=1.049, 95%CI 1.022-1.077, P<0.001), body mass index (OR=1.065, 95%CI 1.010-1.123, P=0.020) and time interval between preoperative coronary angiography and cardiac surgery within 24 hours (OR=1.625, 95%CI 1.116-2.364, P=0.011) were independent predictors of postoperative AKI. Patients who underwent coronary angiography within 24 hours before surgery had a 10.6% higher incidence of postoperative AKI compared to those who underwent angiography ≥24 hours before surgery (P=0.004). Patients who underwent valve surgery with or without coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) had a higher risk of AKI than those who only underwent CABG. The in-hospital stay of patients who developed AKI was 2 days longer than those without AKI. However, undergoing coronary angiography within 24 hours before cardiac surgery did not prolong the length of ICU stay or hospital stay, nor did it increase the risk of death or renal failure after the operation. Conclusion Undergoing coronary angiography within 24 hours before cardiac surgery increases the risk of postoperative AKI.

Aiming at the practical problems of insufficient supply efficiency and low utilization rate of primary health services,it systematically reviewed the research status of residents'participation in the value co-creation of primary health services from the perspective of residents'active utilization.It explores the theoretical framework of realizing the value of primary health service based on residents'active utilization,and deeply analyzes its internal logic.Finally,it puts forward the concrete realization path,that is,multi-subject broadening the health information communication channel,optimizing the health service supply mode according to local conditions,constructing multi-dimensional trust mechanism between doctors and patients,and building a precise digital health management platform.

Aiming at the practical problems of insufficient supply efficiency and low utilization rate of primary health services,it systematically reviewed the research status of residents'participation in the value co-creation of primary health services from the perspective of residents'active utilization.It explores the theoretical framework of realizing the value of primary health service based on residents'active utilization,and deeply analyzes its internal logic.Finally,it puts forward the concrete realization path,that is,multi-subject broadening the health information communication channel,optimizing the health service supply mode according to local conditions,constructing multi-dimensional trust mechanism between doctors and patients,and building a precise digital health management platform.

Aiming at the practical problems of insufficient supply efficiency and low utilization rate of primary health services,it systematically reviewed the research status of residents'participation in the value co-creation of primary health services from the perspective of residents'active utilization.It explores the theoretical framework of realizing the value of primary health service based on residents'active utilization,and deeply analyzes its internal logic.Finally,it puts forward the concrete realization path,that is,multi-subject broadening the health information communication channel,optimizing the health service supply mode according to local conditions,constructing multi-dimensional trust mechanism between doctors and patients,and building a precise digital health management platform.

Aiming at the practical problems of insufficient supply efficiency and low utilization rate of primary health services,it systematically reviewed the research status of residents'participation in the value co-creation of primary health services from the perspective of residents'active utilization.It explores the theoretical framework of realizing the value of primary health service based on residents'active utilization,and deeply analyzes its internal logic.Finally,it puts forward the concrete realization path,that is,multi-subject broadening the health information communication channel,optimizing the health service supply mode according to local conditions,constructing multi-dimensional trust mechanism between doctors and patients,and building a precise digital health management platform.

Aiming at the practical problems of insufficient supply efficiency and low utilization rate of primary health services,it systematically reviewed the research status of residents'participation in the value co-creation of primary health services from the perspective of residents'active utilization.It explores the theoretical framework of realizing the value of primary health service based on residents'active utilization,and deeply analyzes its internal logic.Finally,it puts forward the concrete realization path,that is,multi-subject broadening the health information communication channel,optimizing the health service supply mode according to local conditions,constructing multi-dimensional trust mechanism between doctors and patients,and building a precise digital health management platform.

Aiming at the practical problems of insufficient supply efficiency and low utilization rate of primary health services,it systematically reviewed the research status of residents'participation in the value co-creation of primary health services from the perspective of residents'active utilization.It explores the theoretical framework of realizing the value of primary health service based on residents'active utilization,and deeply analyzes its internal logic.Finally,it puts forward the concrete realization path,that is,multi-subject broadening the health information communication channel,optimizing the health service supply mode according to local conditions,constructing multi-dimensional trust mechanism between doctors and patients,and building a precise digital health management platform.