Objective:To study the influencing factors of thyroid diseases among residents in a coastal area, Dongtai City, and provide scientific basis for further prevention and control of thyroid diseases.Methods:Thyroid disease patients of Dongtai City in the coastal area diagnosed by Dongtai People's Hospital from January to December 2019 were selected as the survey subjects, and diagnosis of various diseases and their gender and age distribution were analyzed. In the case-control study, confirmed new cases were selected as the case group, and healthy individuals matched 1∶1 by village group, gender, and age as the control group. A questionnaire survey and related examinations such as urinary iodine test and thyroid ultrasound examination were conducted. The survey results were summarized and analyzed (Wilcoxon rank sum test, conditional logistic regression multivariate analysis).Results:(1) A total of 3 508 patients with thyroid diseases were diagnosed, accounting for 319.46/100 000 of the total population, including 2 616 female patients, accounting for 74.57%; 2 824 cases aged 30 to 69 years old, accounting for 80.50%; 1 539 cases of hyperthyroidism, accounting for 43.87%; and 961 cases of hypothyroidism, accounting for 27.39%. (2) A total of 984 cases were surveyed in a 1∶1 paired manner. Multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors for thyroid diseases included monthly average income, family history, related surgeries, personality, working pressure, interpersonal relationships, and urinary iodine grading ( P < 0.05). The risk factors for hyperthyroidism included occupation, family history of hyperthyroidism, personality, family financial pressure, and interpersonal relationships ( P < 0.05), while the risk factor for goiter included urinary iodine grading ( P = 0.008). Conclusions:The occurrence of thyroid diseases in a coastal area, Dongtai City, may be related to family history, gender, age, personality, and working pressure. There is a correlation between goiter and low iodine nutrition level, which further confirms the correctness of the strategy of salt iodization in preventing and treating iodine deficiency disorders in coastal areas.

Objective:To analyze the individual iodine nutrition status and its influencing factors among students aged 8 to 15 in Dongtai City, Jiangsu Province.Methods:From May to August 2021, a total of 905 students aged 8 to 15 were selected as survey subjects in Dongtai City based on the sampling method in the "National Monitoring Plan for Iodine Deficiency Disorders" (2016 version). Salt samples from students' homes were collected for salt iodine testing. Urine samples of students were collected for urinary iodine and creatinine testing. The creatinine correction method was used to estimate individual 24 h urinary iodine excretion and calculate iodine intake. At the same time, basic information (age, gender, height, weight, etc.) and consumption frequency of iodine rich foods (seafood, eggs, meat, milk, solid snacks) of students were collected through questionnaires and actual measurements.Results:The coverage rate of iodized salt in Dongtai City was 98.2% (889/905), the qualified rate of iodized salt was 97.9% (870/889), and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 96.1% (870/905). The median estimated 24 h urinary iodine excretion was 179.7 μg/d. The median estimated iodine intake was 195.4 μg/d, the constituent ratio of estimated iodine intake < recommended nutrient intake (RNI) was 16.2% (147/905), RNI-tolerable upper intake level (UL) was 63.4% (574/905), and > UL was 20.3% (184/905). The medians estimated 24 h urinary iodine excretion of students aged 8-10, 11-13 and 14-15 were 157.4, 193.0 and 236.5 μg/d, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( H = 55.42, P < 0.001). The median estimated 24 h urinary iodine excretion of boys was higher than that of girls (222.6 vs 148.6 μg/d), and the median estimated 24 h urinary iodine excretion of urban students was higher than that of township students (215.6 vs 162.7 μg/d), the differences were statistically significant ( Z = - 8.41, - 5.66, P < 0.001). There were statistically significant differences in the median estimated 24 h urinary iodine excretion between students with different body mass index (weight loss, overweight, obesity, normal; H = 56.15, P < 0.001) and iodine rich foods consumption frequencies (seafood, meat, milk, eggs, solid snacks; H = 23.15, 21.20, 60.77, 20.01, 24.47, P < 0.001). Conclusion:Iodine deficiency or excess exists in students aged 8-15 in Dongtai City, and girls aged 8-10 who are physically emaciated are the focus of attention for iodine deficiency.

OBJECTIVES: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly invasive epithelial malignant tumor with unique geographical and ethnic distribution characteristics. NPC is mostly found in south China and Southeast Asia, and its treatment mainly depends on radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, NPC is usually found in the late stage, and local recurrence and distant metastasis are common, leading to poor prognosis. The receptor tyrosine kinase AXL is up-regulated in various tumors and it is involved in tumor proliferation, migration, invasion, and other processes, which are associated with poor prognosis of tumors. This study aims to detect the expression of AXL in NPC cell lines and tissues, and to investigate its biological function of AXL and the underlying molecular mechanisms in regulation of NPC. METHODS: The expression levels of AXL in normal nasopharyngeal epithelial tissues and NPC tissues were analyzed by GSE68799, GSE12452, and GSE53819 data sets based on Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to analyze the relationship between AXL and prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC). The indicators of prognosis included overall survival (OS), disease-free interval (DFI), disease-specific survival (DSS), and progression-free interval (PFI). Western blotting assay was used to detect the AXL protein expression levels in normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line and NPC cell lines. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect AXL expression levels in normal nasopharyngeal epithelial tissues and NPC tissues. Cell lines with stable AXL knockdown were established by infecting 5-8F and Fadu cells with lentivirus interference vector, and cell lines with stable AXL overexpression were established by infecting C666-1 and HK-1 cells with lentivirus expression vector. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the efficiency of knockdown and overexpression in stable cell lines. The effects of AXL knockdown or overexpression on proliferation, migration, and invasion of NPC cells were detected by CCK-8, plate colony formation, and Transwell assays, and the effect of AXL knockdown on tumor growth in nude mice was detected by subcutaneous tumor formation assay. The sequence of AXL upstream 2.0 kb promoter region was obtained by UCSC online database. The PROMO online database was used to predict AXL transcription factors with 0% fault tolerance, and the JASPAR online database was used to predict the binding sites of ETS1 to AXL. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the effect of ETS1 on AXL protein and mRNA expression. The AXL upstream 2.0 kb promoter region was divided into 8 fragments, each of which was 250 bp in length. Primers were designed for 8 fragments. The binding of ETS1 to AXL promoter region was detected by chromatin immuno-precipitation (ChIP) assay to determine the direct regulatory relationship between ETS1 and AXL. Rescue assay was used to determine whether ETS1 affected the proliferation, migration, and invasion of NPC cells through AXL. RESULTS: Bioinformatics analysis showed that AXL was highly expressed in NPC tissues (P<0.05), and AXL expression was positively correlated with OS, DFI, DSS, and PFI in HNSC patients. Western blotting and immunohistochemical results showed that AXL was highly expressed in NPC cell lines and tissues compared with the normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line and tissues. Real-time PCR and Western blotting results showed that knockdown and overexpression efficiency in the stable cell lines met the requirements of subsequent experiments. The results of CCK-8, plate colony formation, Transwell assays and subcutaneous tumor formation in nude mice showed that down-regulation of AXL significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion of NPC cells and tumor growth (all P<0.05), and the up-regulation of AXL significantly promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of NPC cells (all P<0.05).As predicted by PROMO and JASPAR online databases, ETS1 was a transcription factor of AXL and had multiple binding sites in the AXL promoter region. Real-time PCR and Western blotting results showed that knockdown or overexpression of ETS1 down-regulated or up-regulated AXL protein and mRNA expression levels. ChIP assay result showed that ETS1 bound to AXL promoter region and directly regulate AXL expression. Rescue assay showed that AXL rescued the effects of ETS1 on proliferation, migration and invasion of NPC cells (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS AXL is highly expressed in NPC cell lines and tissues, which can promote the malignant progression of NPC, and its expression is regulated by transcription factor ETS1.
Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement/genetics* ; Cell Proliferation/genetics* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma/genetics* ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/metabolism* ; RNA, Messenger/genetics* ; Sincalide/metabolism* ; Transcription Factors/genetics*

Objective:To understand the iodine nutrition states of children in Dongtai City Jiangsu Province by analyzing the urinary iodine level of children aged 0 - 12 years old (prepubescent children), so as to provide scientific reference for prepubescent children's reasonable iodine nutrition intake.Methods:Under the guidance of the "National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Monitoring Program" (2016), Dongtai City was divided into 5 districts according to the east, west, south, north and middle locations. In each district, children aged 0 - 7 years old who underwent physical examination in township hospitals and prevention and health centers were selected to collect urine samples for urine iodine testing. One township was selected from each district, and one primary school was selected from each township. At least 90 children aged 8 to 12 (half boys and half girls) were selected from each primary school to collect urine samples for urine iodine testing. The urinary iodine levels of children of different genders, ages and regions were compared and analyzed.Results:A total of 2 934 urine samples were collected. The median of urinary iodine was 191.9 μg/L, ranging from 1.4 to 627.9 μg/L, the proportion of urine iodine content < 50 μg/L was 5.5% (162/2 934), the proportion of 50 - 99 μg/L was 10.9% (319/2 934), the proportion of 100 - 199 μg/L was 37.4% (1 096/2 934), the proportion of 200 - 299 μg/L was 28.3% (829/2 934), and the proportion of ≥300 μg/L was 18.0% (528/2 934). A total of 1 535 and 1 399 urine samples of boys and girls were collected. The medians urinary iodine of boys and girls were 202.3 and 177.7 μg/L, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( Z = - 5.487, P < 0.05). There were 106, 1 539, 753 and 536 cases of infants (0 - 12 months old), early childhood (1 - 3 years old), preschool children (4 - 6 years old), and school-age children (7 - 12 years old), the medians urinary iodine were 169.8, 189.6, 169.9 and 243.7 μg/L, respectively, the difference was statistically significant ( H = 127.395, P < 0.05). There were 642, 699, 422, 738 and 433 cases in different regions (east, west, south, north and middle) and the medians urinary iodine were 194.2, 172.7, 196.8, 200.5 and 196.6 μg/L, respectively, the difference was statistically significant ( H = 29.461, P < 0.05). Conclusions:Children aged 0 - 12 years old in Dongtai City are not deficient in iodine on the whole, but those with urinary iodine value higher than 200 μg/L account for a large proportion. Therefore, a reasonable iodine nutrition plan should be implemented according to the actual situation. In addition, individual iodine deficiency and excess should also be paid attention to.

Objective To investigate the influencing factors involved in the establishment of a C57BL/6 J model of metastatic melanoma in the lung,including the way of tumor inoculation,the number of inoculated cells and the time of tumor formation. Methods Mouse melanoma B16F10 cells were cultured in vitro. 1)Eighteen healthy male C57BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into three groups. Mice in each group received 100 μL cell suspension(including 3 ×106 melanoma cells)via intravenous,intraperitoneal and subcutaneous injection,respectively. After two weeks,the mice were killed and dissected,and the tumor growth and metastasis were observed. 2)Eighteen male mice were randomly divided into three groups. Mice in each group were injected with 3 ×106cells,1 ×106cells, and 3 ×105cells through the tail vein,respectively. After two weeks,mice were killed and dissected,and the tumor growth and metastasis were observed. 3)Eighteen male mice were randomly divided into three groups. Mice in each group were injected with 1×106cells though the tail vein. Mice were killed and dissected after one week, two weeks and three weeks, respectively. The growth and metastasis of tumor were observed. Results 1)The success rate of lung metastasis was 100% in the mice with intravenous injection,but not in mice receiving intraperitoneal injection and subcutaneous injection. 2)The size of metastatic melanoma nodules were moderate in mice inoculated by 1 ×106cells. The number of melanoma metastatic foci was too high in the mice inoculated with 3 ×106cells,but too low in the mice inoculated with 3 ×105cells. 3)Significant metastatic melanoma foci were observed in the mice killed and dissected after two weeks with no death. The number of melanoma foci in the lung was too high in the mice killed after three weeks,while was too low in the mice killed at one week after tumor cell inoculation. Conclusions Intravenous injection of 1×106mouse melanoma cells into C57BL/6 J mice and killed after two weeks is an optimal method for establishment of a mouse model of metastatic melanoma in the lung, and is worth of recommendation.

Objective To explore the demand of nursing students with different nationalities and different levels for the order-oriented nursing talent cultivation mode, so as to provide reference for the establishment of order-oriented nursing talent cultivation mode in Xinjiang. Methods From January to April 2017, a total of 801 nursing students from the School of Nursing in Xinjiang Medical University were selected by cluster sampling method and investigated with "the Demand for Order-oriented Nursing Talent Cultivation Mode Questionnaire". Results The two reasons for the nursing students in different nationalities and different levels were the good employment situation (83.77%) and the wishes of the family members (68.29%). There were statistical differences of the willingness of participating in the order-oriented nursing talent cultivation mode among the nursing students with different nationalities and educational background (P<0.01). There was no statistical difference in the choice of the order hospital between the Han nationality undergraduate students and the minority undergraduate students (P>0.05). The difference of the choice of the order hospital between Han nationality junior college students and minority junior college students was statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusions It is urgent to establish a customized nursing talent cultivation mode based on students' employment orientation and training according to the needs of employers, so as to improve the level of medical care service in Xinjiang region.

Objective The molecular etiology of hearing impairment in Guangdong District has not been thor-oughly investigated.SCL26A4 gene mutation and relevant phenotype were analyzed in this study.Methods The coding exons of SLC26A4 were analyzed in 59 EVA cases.Those SLC26A4 gene mutations patients were examined by temporal bone CT.Results Fifty-nine cases were SLC26A4 mutations deafness patients,and 21 cases (35. 59%)and 38 cases (64.41%)patients with SLC26A4 biallelic allele (compound homozygous or heterozygous)and monoallelic gene mutation,including 16 cases of SLC26A4 gene IVS7-2 A> G homozygous mutations,2 cases of 2168A>G homozygous mutations and 3 cases of IVS7-2A>G,2168 A > G compound heterozygous mutations in children with CT showing bilateral enlarged vestibular aqueduct or other types of inner ear malformations.Thirty-one patients were IVS7-2A>G heterozygous for SLC26A4 mutation and seven 2168 A > G heterozygous muta-tion.Four patients with SLC26A4 gene mutations were confirmed to have enlarged vestibular aqueduct with Mondini dysplasia.Two patients with normal phenotype ,and others were enlarged vestibular aqueduct.Conclusion Muta-tions in the SLC26A4 gene with enlarged vestibular aqueduct patients were frequently found in Guangdong District.IVS7-2A>G mutations rate were highest,followed by 2168 A > G.We established the new strategy that detects SLC26A4 mutations prior to the temporal bone CT scan to find enlarged vestibular aqueduct and inner ear malforma-tion patients .

DNA polymerase iota (Polt),as well as Revl,Polκ and Polη,are all Y family DNA polymerases,which are able to replicate damaged DNA via translesion synthesis pathway.However,Pol(t) has the lowest fidelity among all DNA polymerases in both correct and inaccurate DNA templates.Also Pol(t) can bypass certain DNA damages and accumulate mutations.Recent studies show that the aberrant expression of Pol(t) is observed in human uveal melanoma,breast cancer,bladder cancer,lung cancer and esophageal cancer,which may contribute to the tumorigenesis and progression of tumor.The special role of Pol(t) in replicating damaged DNA may contribute to the resistance in oncotherapy.

Objective To explore the method of Oncomelania hupensis snail surveillance in transmission?interrupted re?gions of schistosomiasis,so as to provide a new pattern for the surveillance of snail status in the transmission?interrupted areas. Methods In Dongtai County,north of Jiangsu Province where the transmission of schistosomiasis was interrupted,the surveil?lance of snail status was performed by means of the village?level general survey,village?level sampling survey,snail survey in key settings of township and county,and snail reporting by residents. In addition,quality?control snail sites were set up for quali?ty control. The effectiveness and cost of the four methods of snail surveillance was compared. Results A total of 163 079 set?tings and 22 785.62 hm2 were surveyed in Dongtai County from 2008 to 2013,and 89 residual snail breeding sites were found, with a snail area of 1.48 hm2. The patterns of village?level general survey,village?level sampling survey,and snail survey in key settings of township and county were employed for investigation of 94 550,45 033 and 23 496 settings,consisting of 57.98%, 27.61%and 14.41%of total settings,and 2,0 and 6 settings were found with snails,with 0.021/thousand,0,and 0.255/thou?sand detection rates of settings with snail breading sites,respectively. The pattern of snail survey in key settings of township and county was more effective than that of village?level survey to detect snail breeding sites(χ2 =19.158,P=0). The recovery rate of quality?control snail breeding sites was 52.56%,38.27%and 73.62%for the three patterns of snail survey,respectively,and the pattern of snail survey in key settings of township and county showed a higher quality for snail survey than that of village?lev?el survey(χ2 =111.597 and 85.991,both P=0). During the period from 2008 to 2013,289 person?times reported 279 sus?pected snail habitats and 1 501 living snails,and no Oncomelania snails were found. During the 6?year period,there were 1617.5,964.7 and 527.7 thousand RMB invested for village?level general survey,village?level sampling survey,and snail sur?vey in key settings of township and county,and the cost of snail survey per hm2 was 129.88,133.6 and 162.57 RMB/hm2,re?spectively. The cost of village?level general survey and snail survey in key settings of township and county to detect a snail?breed?ing site was 808 800 and 88 000 RMB,respectively(t=12.850,P=0.000),and the cost of snail survey in key settings of town?ship and county was 10.88%of that of village?level general survey. Conclusion The snail survey in key settings of township and county is a highly effective and high?quality method for snail surveillance,which may serve as a prior way for the surveil?lance of snail status in the transmission?interrupted areas of schistosomiasis.

Objective To investigate the effect of heme oxygenase-1 ( HO-1 ) on the acute radiation-induced skin injury by gene transfer.Methods Thirty-three male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups as PBS-injected group,Ad-EGFP-injeeted group and Ad-HO-1-injected group ( n =11 ).In each group,three rats were used for determining the expression of target gene and the other rats were irradiated on the buttock skin with 40 Gy electron beam generated by a linear accelerator.Immediately after irradiation,rats were administered with a subcutaneous injection of PBS,Ad-EGFP or Ad-HO-1,respectively.Subsequently,the skin reactions were measured twice a week using the semi-quantitative skin injury scale.Results The strong positive expression of HO-1 was observed in subcutaneous dermal tissue after injection of Ad-HO-1.Compared to the PBS-injected group or the Ad-EGFP-injected group,a significant mitigation of skin injury was observed in Ad-HO-1-injected mice 14 d after irradiation (q =0.000-0.030,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions HO-1 could significantly mitigate radiation-induced acute skin injury and Ad-HO-1 could be used to treat radiation-induced skin injury.