Objective:To explore the expression and clinical significance of fibrinogen-like protein 2(FGL2)in gastrointesti-nal stromal tumor(GIST).Methods:Immunohistochemical EnVision two-step method was used to detect expression of FGL2 protein in 158 GIST patients,and correlation between FGL2 protein and clinicopathological parameters was analyzed,and relationship be-tween FGL2 protein and the count of CD3+T,CD8+T,CD20+T and CD68+T of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs)in GIST was inves-tigated.Results:Expression of FGL2 protein in GIST was negatively correlated with tumor size,NIH risk grade,necrosis and mitotic image count(P<0.05),there was no significant difference in gender and tumor location(P>0.05).FGL2 expression was associated with low CD3+T cell counts in GIST(P<0.05),while there was no significantly difference with CD8+T,CD20+T and CD68+T cell counts(P>0.05).Conclusion:FGL2 protein is involved in occurrence and development of GIST,which expression level is partly pre-dictive of the malignant potential of GIST.FGL2 protein may participate in occurrence and development of GIST by regulating tumor microenvironment.

Objective:To explore the influencing factors of BCP region A1762T/G1764A and Pre-C region G1896A mutations in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus（HBV）infection.Methods:Clinical data of 464 patients with chronic HBV infection admitted to Ningbo No.2 Hospital from October 2010 to August 2022 was retrospectively analyzed. The mutations in the BCP region A1762T/G1764A and the pre-C region G1896A were examined in all patients. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of these mutations.Results:The mutation rate of A1762T/G1764A and G1896A was 62.1%（288/464）and 32.8%（152/464）；and the co-mutation rate of A1762T/G1764A and G1896A was 20.9%（97/464）. The mutation rate of A1762T/G1764A and the co-mutation rate of A1762T/G1764A and G1896A in patients with end-stage liver disease were higher than those in patients with chronic hepatitis B（ χ2=9.285 and 6.748，both P<0.05）. Univariate analysis showed that A1762T/G1764A mutation was associated with higher age，serum AST levels，and proportion of genotype C（ P<0.05 or <0.01）；while G1896A mutation was associated with higher age，proportion of negative HBeAg，and serum GGT levels（ P<0.05 or <0.01）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that higher age was an independent influencing factor for A1762T/G1764A mutation（ OR=1.035，95% CI 1.017-1.054， P<0.001），while HBeAg status was an independent influencing factor for G1896A mutation（ OR=0.171，95% CI 0.112-0.261， P<0.001）. Conclusion:Chronic HBV infection patients with higher age is likely to have A1762T/G1764A mutation，while those with negative HBeAg is more likely to have G1896A mutation.

Background: Colorectal cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancer and leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2), a member of the fibrinogen family, has been demonstrated as a regulator of immune cell functions in tumor microenvironment and might facilitate tumor progression. Aims: To study the expression and clinical significance of FGL2 in colon cancer. Methods: One hundred and fifty colon cancer patients diagnosed from January 2018 to January 2022 at the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University were enrolled in this study. The paraffin-embedded tissues were collected for detection of FGL2 protein and the surface markers of tumor infiltrating immune cells (TIICs), including CD4, CD8, CD20, CD68, and CD56 by using immunohistochemistry. The correlations of FGL2 expression level with the clinicopathological parameters and TIICs counting were analyzed. Results: Expression of FGL2 was upregulated in 68.7% of the colon cancer cases. Its expression level was correlated positively with the tumor size and TNM staging (all P<0.05), while no correlations were found between FGL2 expression level and gender, age, tumor differentiation, and presence of vascular invasion (all P>0.05). Meanwhile, the expression level of FGL2 was associated with the cell counting of CD4

Autophagy is a special cellular process, which can participate in regulating cell survival, growth, differentiation and homeostasis maintenance by transporting damaged organelles and macromolecular substances to lysosomes for degradation. Autophagy plays a very important role in all aspects of life process. Research results show that autophagy plays an important role in tumor occurrence, development and metastasis. The synergistic effect of autophagy and vascular endothelial growth factor promotes tumor angiogenesis and cell repair, and may play an important role in the development of tumor resistance to anti-vascular drug therapy. Targeted therapy with autophagy as the target may be a new direction for anti-tumor molecular targeted therapy in the future, aiming to provide multi-target collaborative therapy to benefit patients.

Objective:To investigate the role of autophagy mediated by mTOR signaling pathway in the inhibition of osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) induced by cadmium.Methods:HBMSCs were divided into 0, 2.5 or 5.0 μmol/L groups according to the exposure dose of cadmium chloride (CdCl 2), and each group was treated for 1 day, 4 days and (or) 7 days. The ALP activity and mRNA and protein expression levels of osteogenesis markers (ALP, RUNX2 and OSTERIX), autophagy-related proteins (LC3 and Beclin-1) and mTOR signaling pathway related proteins (mTOR, p-mTOR and p-p70S6K) expression, alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining were detected. MHY 1485 was selected as the signaling pathway activator. The control group, CdCl 2 group (5.0 μmol/L), MHY 1485 group and CdCl 2+MHY 1485 combined treatment group were set. After 7 days of treatment, the expression levels of autophagy related proteins and mTOR signaling pathway related proteins of hBMSCs in each group were detected. Results:There was no significant difference in ALP activity between 0, 2.5 and 5.0 μmol/L groups on day 1 and 4 ( P>0.05); On day 7, compared with the 0 μmol/L group, the ALP activity, expression of osteogenic markers (ALP, RUNX2, OSTERIX) and mTOR signaling pathway related proteins (mTOR, p-mTOR, p-p70S6K) expression decreased in the 2.5 and 5.0 μmol/L group ( P<0.05). Compared with the 0 μmol/L group, the staining of the 2.5 and 5.0 μmol/L groups became lighter, and the formation of ALP and mineralized nodules was reduced. Compared with the CdCl 2 group, the autophagy related protein expression in the CdCl 2+MHY 1485 combined treatment group decreased, and the mTOR signaling pathway related protein expression increased. The difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The inhibition of osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs by cadmium may be related to autophagy mediated by mTOR signaling pathway.

Objective:To investigate the role of autophagy mediated by mTOR signaling pathway in the inhibition of osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) induced by cadmium.Methods:HBMSCs were divided into 0, 2.5 or 5.0 μmol/L groups according to the exposure dose of cadmium chloride (CdCl 2), and each group was treated for 1 day, 4 days and (or) 7 days. The ALP activity and mRNA and protein expression levels of osteogenesis markers (ALP, RUNX2 and OSTERIX), autophagy-related proteins (LC3 and Beclin-1) and mTOR signaling pathway related proteins (mTOR, p-mTOR and p-p70S6K) expression, alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining were detected. MHY 1485 was selected as the signaling pathway activator. The control group, CdCl 2 group (5.0 μmol/L), MHY 1485 group and CdCl 2+MHY 1485 combined treatment group were set. After 7 days of treatment, the expression levels of autophagy related proteins and mTOR signaling pathway related proteins of hBMSCs in each group were detected. Results:There was no significant difference in ALP activity between 0, 2.5 and 5.0 μmol/L groups on day 1 and 4 ( P>0.05); On day 7, compared with the 0 μmol/L group, the ALP activity, expression of osteogenic markers (ALP, RUNX2, OSTERIX) and mTOR signaling pathway related proteins (mTOR, p-mTOR, p-p70S6K) expression decreased in the 2.5 and 5.0 μmol/L group ( P<0.05). Compared with the 0 μmol/L group, the staining of the 2.5 and 5.0 μmol/L groups became lighter, and the formation of ALP and mineralized nodules was reduced. Compared with the CdCl 2 group, the autophagy related protein expression in the CdCl 2+MHY 1485 combined treatment group decreased, and the mTOR signaling pathway related protein expression increased. The difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The inhibition of osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs by cadmium may be related to autophagy mediated by mTOR signaling pathway.

Objective:To investigate the effect of exercise rehabilitation combined with psychotherapy and exercise rehabilitationn alone in elderly patients with coronary heart disease(CHD)after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods:A total of 150 elderly patients(≥65 years)admitted to our hospital with CHD after primary PCI were enrolled and randomly divided into the group A(conventional drug therapy), group B(conventional drug therapy+ exercise rehabilitation)and group C(conventional drug therapy + exercise rehabilitation+ psychotherapy), with 50 patients in each group.Patients in groups B and C were intervened at two weeks after PCI, once a week for 12 weeks.Changes of Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMD)scores, Hamilton depression scale(HAMA)score, 6 min walking test, left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)and metabolic equivalents(METs)were compared among the three groups.Results:Before treatment, the METs were significantly lower in the group B(3.58±0.14)compared with the groups A(3.69±0.18)and C(3.68±0.15), and were similar between groups A and C. After 12 weeks of treatment, compared with the indicators before treatment, the HAMA scores were similar in the group A(12.98±2.51 vs. 12.16±2.91, P>0.05), and were significantly decreased in groups B(12.90±2.12 vs.8.06±2.11, P<0.05)and C(13.03±2.52 vs.6.96±2.13, P<0.05); HAMD scores were all markedly decreased in all three groups(group A: 22.38±2.52 vs.20.87±2.12; group B: 22.58±2.57 vs.17.25±2.32; group C: 22.23±2.35 vs.13.39±2.25), and were decreased most in the group B, followed by groups A and B( P<0.05). Furthermore, the LVEF group A: (49.08±1.59)% vs.(52.15±1.91)%; group B: (48.99±2.11)% vs.(57.56±2.13)%; group C: (49.04±2.02)% vs.(59.92±1.93)%, 6 min walking distance test(m)(group A: 360.78±12.50 vs.370.16±12.41; group B: 359.21±10.54 vs.394.19±15.56; group C: 363.12±15.28 vs.413.29±18.15)and METs(group A: 3.69±0.18 vs.3.91±0.21; group B: 3.58±0.14 vs.4.89±0.09; group C: 3.68±0.15 vs.5.77±0.13)were significantly improved in all groups after the treatment.Among them, group C was improved most, followed by groups B and A(all P<0.05). Conclusions:Exercise rehabilitation combined with psychotherapy is of great significance to improve the physical condition of elderly patients with CHD after PCI, and it is better than the routine exercise rehabilitation alone.

OBJECTIVE: To survey the residents for their understanding of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) in two hard hit provinces of China to facilitate the governmental decisions on strategies against the disease. METHODS: We invited the participants from Hubei and Henan Provinces of China for an internetbased survey starting from 12:00 on February 21, 2020 to 12:00 on February 23. The survey included the general conditions, KAP of COVID-19, psychological status and living conditions of the residents. RESULTS: The effective response rate of the questionnaire was 98.9%. The mean (P25, P75) age of the participants was 19 (16, 40) years, and 54.3% of them were students. Social media were the most important source of information concerning the pandemic of the respondents. The respondents had a high awareness of person-to-person transmission of the virus through the respiratory tract or droplets but showed a relatively low level of awareness of the population susceptible to COVID-19 and its specific symptoms. The results of multivariate analysis showed that women, undergraduate students (including college students) and higher degree holders had better knowledge of COVID-19 ( < 0.05); the proportion of respondents who expressed to have different levels of psychological stressed such as worry, anxiety and panic reached 77.2%; 16.7% of the responders considered psychological interventions necessary for their psychological conditions; 63.6% of the respondents confessed a bias against the people returning from Hubei and Henan provinces, while 22.4% worried that they might be biased because of their residence in Hubei and Henan. The rate of personal protective equipment shortage was as high as 69.4%; the rates of the responders who would "covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing", "properly use masks in accordance with regulations", "maintain proper hand hygiene ", "avoid gatherings with relatives and friends" and "refrain from going to public places" were 92.4%, 95.9%, 93.5%, 88.8% and 93.1%, respectively. Women and groups with good knowledge of the disease reported better protective behaviors against the diseases ( < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The residents in Hubei and Henan Provinces have generally good KAP related to COVID-19, and the online platforms plays a positive role to in circulating epidemic-related information. It is essential to further increase the supply of the protective materials and pay more attention to the mental health of the residents during the pandemic, and psychological counseling and psychological protection should be provided if necessary.
Attitude ; Betacoronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections ; Female ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral

Objective: To study the alterations of mitochondrial biological characteristics during both cellular replicative and premature senescence induced by hydrogen peroxide in human embryonic lung fibroblasts (HEFs). Methods: The premature senescence was induced by 400 μmol/L H₂O₂ once a day at the same time and with 2 hours each time, after four consecutive days the premature senescence models were classified into premature senescence initiation group (PSi) and premature senescence persistence group (PSp). Based on the life span of HEFs, the cell replicative senescence was divided into five groups included young-age (22 PDL), middle-age (35 PDL), replicative senescence (49 PDL), PSi and PSp. The mitochondrial distribution, relative content, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) contents, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels, the relative mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) as well as mitochondrial DNA methyltransferase 1 (mtDNMT1) mRNA levels, mtDNA copy number, the relative TFAM protein level and the total enzyme activity of mitochondrial DNA methyltransferases (mtDNMTs) were detected in five senescence groups. Results: The mtDNA copy number, 8-OHdG contents, level of mtDNMT1 mRNA and mtDNMTs activity in 49 PDL group were higher than those in 22 PDL group (all P values <0.05); The level of 8-OHdG in PSi was higher than that in 22 PDL group (P<0.05); The ATP contents, mtDNA copy number, the mRNA and protein expression levels of TFAM and mtDNMTs activity of PSp were higher than those in 22 PDL group (all P values<0.05). Conclusion During the cellular senescence of HEFs, the higher mtDNA copy number and mtDNMTs activity were common features regardless of replicative or premature senescence, with possibility that oxidative stress was involved in modifying the occurrence of premature senescence.

Objective To study the alterations of mitochondrial biological characteristics during both cellular replicative and premature senescence induced by hydrogen peroxide in human embryonic lung fibroblasts (HEFs). Methods The premature senescence was induced by 400 μmol/L H2O2 once a day at the same time and with 2 hours each time, after four consecutive days the premature senescence models were classified into premature senescence initiation group (PSi) and premature senescence persistence group (PSp). Based on the life span of HEFs, the cell replicative senescence was divided into five groups included young-age (22 PDL), middle?age (35 PDL), replicative senescence (49 PDL), PSi and PSp. The mitochondrial distribution, relative content, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) contents, 8?hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8?OHdG) levels, the relative mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) as well as mitochondrial DNA methyltransferase 1 (mtDNMT1) mRNA levels, mtDNA copy number, the relative TFAM protein level and the total enzyme activity of mitochondrial DNA methyltransferases (mtDNMTs) were detected in five senescence groups. Results The mtDNA copy number, 8?OHdG contents, level of mtDNMT1 mRNA and mtDNMTs activity in 49 PDL group were higher than those in 22 PDL group (all P values<0.05); The level of 8?OHdG in PSi was higher than that in 22 PDL group (P<0.05); The ATP contents, mtDNA copy number, the mRNA and protein expression levels of TFAM and mtDNMTs activity of PSp were higher than those in 22 PDL group (all P values<0.05). Conclusion During the cellular senescence of HEFs, the higher mtDNA copy number and mtDNMTs activity were common features regardless of replicative or premature senescence, with possibility that oxidative stress was involved in modifying the occurrence of premature senescence.