Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of anlotinib combined with radiotherapy as a third-line treatment regimen for extensive stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) in a real-world background.Methods:Forty ES-SCLC patients enrolled in a single center of Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University in China between November 2018 and July 2021 were treated with radiotherapy added on anlotinib as a third-line treatment regimen. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), safety, and quality of life were analyzed, and the survival status was statistically analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method.Results:Among the 40 patients, partial remission, stable disease, and progressive disease was confirmed in 7, 24 and 9 patients, respectively. The obtained objective remission rate (ORR) was 18%, the disease control rate (DCR) was 78%, and median PFS and median OS were 4.5 months and 9 months, respectively. The most common adverse reactions included fatigue (28%), bleeding (20%), anorexia (13%), and hand-foot syndrome (8%). Most of them were grade 1-2 in severity, 4 cases were documented as ≥grade 3, and no grade 5 toxicity was recorded.Conclusions:In the real world, radiotherapy added on anlotinib as a third-line regimen can prolong PFS and OS of the ES-SCLC patients, and the adverse reactions are generally tolerated. This combination treatment regimen is worthy of further investigation.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are major outer membrane components of Gram-negative bacteria. Unlike most Gram-negative bacteria, Acinetobacter baumannii can still survive and acquire polymyxin resistance after complete loss of LPS. Previous studies of LPS-deficient Acinetobacter baumannii mostly focused on LPS-deficient strains induced by polymyxin, whose background was complex and unstable. To investigate LPS loss-mediated polymyxin resistant-Acinetobacter baumannii, this study constructed a stable and clear background LPS-deficient strain by knocking out lpxC gene in Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606 with CIRSPR/Cas9, and then studied the phenotypic changes of the lpxC-deficient strain including morphology, growth rate, antibiotic susceptibility, virulence, membrane permeability, and membrane potential. Animal experiments were approved by the Animal Care and Welfare Committee Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, CAMS and PUMC (approval number: IMB-20240119D₉). The results indicated that the lpxC gene of Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606 was successfully knocked out. After losing the lpxC, the strain underwent the morphological change from rod-shaped to spherical. Furthermore, it leads to reduced growth rate, enhanced membrane permeability, decreased membrane potential, lower virulence, and increased antibiotic susceptibility to β-lactams, quinolones, aminoglycosides, macrolides, glycopeptides. The lpxC deletion results in significant changes in membrane homeostasis and adaptability of Acinetobacter baumannii. Understanding the phenotypic changes of colistin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii mediated by LPS loss is useful for exploring the resistance mechanism of Acinetobacter baumannii and developing new therapeutic strategies.

Objective:To establish a practical and systematic pre-deployment base-based training course for medical units in peacekeeping level-II hospitals.Methods:We surveyed the current status of pre-deployment training of medical teams in peacekeeping level-II hospitals, and organized expert discussions to preliminarily construct centralized training course contents. At the same time, the Delphi method was used to conduct two rounds of questionnaire-based consultation to evaluate the overall framework design of the course and the rationality and importance scores of each module. The contents of the pre-deployment training course were further selected and optimized based on the positive coefficient (%), authority coefficient (Cr), coefficient of concordance ( W), and coefficient of variation (Cv). Results:The contents of the pre-deployment training course for the medical units of peacekeeping level-II hospitals were preliminarily established. The experts scored high for the combat onsite first-aid skills module [rationality score, (9.32±0.75) points; importance score, (9.45±0.65) points] and the combat wound treatment module [rationality score, (9.33±0.75) points; importance score, (9.28±0.74) points], and scored lowest for the field survival module [rationality score, (7.95±2.28) points; importance score, (7.87±2.16) points].Conclusions:The established contents of the pre-deployment base-based training course for the medical units of peacekeeping level-II hospitals are reasonable and practical, which lays the foundation for perfecting the pre-deployment training system of peacekeeping medical teams.

People frequently struggle to juggle their work, family, and social life in today’s fast-paced environment, which can leave them exhausted and worn out. The development of technologies for detecting fatigue while driving is an important field of research since driving when fatigued poses concerns to road safety. In order to throw light on the most recent advancements in this field of research, this paper provides an extensive review of fatigue driving detection approaches based on electroencephalography (EEG) data. The process of fatigue driving detection based on EEG signals encompasses signal acquisition, preprocessing, feature extraction, and classification. Each step plays a crucial role in accurately identifying driver fatigue. In this review, we delve into the signal acquisition techniques, including the use of portable EEG devices worn on the scalp that capture brain signals in real-time. Preprocessing techniques, such as artifact removal, filtering, and segmentation, are explored to ensure that the extracted EEG signals are of high quality and suitable for subsequent analysis. A crucial stage in the fatigue driving detection process is feature extraction, which entails taking pertinent data out of the EEG signals and using it to distinguish between tired and non-fatigued states. We give a thorough rundown of several feature extraction techniques, such as topology features, frequency-domain analysis, and time-domain analysis. Techniques for frequency-domain analysis, such wavelet transform and power spectral density, allow the identification of particular frequency bands linked to weariness. Temporal patterns in the EEG signals are captured by time-domain features such autoregressive modeling and statistical moments. Furthermore, topological characteristics like brain area connection and synchronization provide light on how the brain’s functional network alters with weariness. Furthermore, the review includes an analysis of different classifiers used in fatigue driving detection, such as support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network (ANN), and Bayesian classifier. We discuss the advantages and limitations of each classifier, along with their applications in EEG-based fatigue driving detection. Evaluation metrics and performance assessment are crucial aspects of any detection system. We discuss the commonly used evaluation criteria, including accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Comparative analyses of existing models are conducted, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. Additionally, we emphasize the need for a standardized data marking protocol and an increased number of test subjects to enhance the robustness and generalizability of fatigue driving detection models. The review also discusses the challenges and potential solutions in EEG-based fatigue driving detection. These challenges include variability in EEG signals across individuals, environmental factors, and the influence of different driving scenarios. To address these challenges, we propose solutions such as personalized models, multi-modal data fusion, and real-time implementation strategies. In conclusion, this comprehensive review provides an extensive overview of the current state of fatigue driving detection based on EEG signals. It covers various aspects, including signal acquisition, preprocessing, feature extraction, classification, performance evaluation, and challenges. The review aims to serve as a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and practitioners in the field of driving safety, facilitating further advancements in fatigue detection technologies and ultimately enhancing road safety.

Mytilus is one of bivalves with great economic and ecological values.The innate immune de-fense of Mytilus shows great significance in the study of marine biological immunology.Hemolymph is the main immune tissue for Mytilus.The Nanopore full-length transcriptome of Mytilus coruscus hemocytes,and the serum differential proteomics based on SDS-PAGE analysis were performed to identify key pro-teins involving in the immune response of Mytilus hemolymph in response of different bacteria and fungi stresses.A total of 44 proteins were identified in the serum induced by different microorganisms.Among them,26 proteins showed significant differential expression level in response to different microbial stres-ses,and their functions were involved in protein folding protection,cell autophagy and apoptosis regula-tion,reactive oxygen species production,energy metabolism regulation,cell detoxification,and immune regulation.The changes in expression levels of these proteins varied in response to different bacterial and fungal stresses,suggesting that Mytilus has different immune response strategies to different bacterial and fungal stresses.The results provide a new scientific basis for understanding the differential immune mech-anism of Mytilus innate immune system in response to different types of microbial invasion,as well as the screening of specific biomarker proteins for microbial infection,and provide ideas for the healthy develop-ment and disease prevention of shellfish aquaculture.

Objective:To investigate the protective effect of endogenous ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA)against cisplatin-induced myelosuppression and the mechanism of reducing apoptosis in bone marrow nucleated cells using mfat-1 transgenic mice.Methods:The experimental animals were divided into 4 groups:wild-type mice normal control group,mfat-1 transgenic mice normal control group,wild-type mice model group and mfat-1 transgenic mice model group.The mice in the model group were injected intraperitoneally with 7.5 mg/kg cisplatin on day 0 and day 7 to construct a myelosuppression model,while the mice in the normal control group were injected intraperitoneally with an equal amount of saline,and their status was observed and their body weight was measured daily.Peripheral blood was taken after 14 day for routine blood analysis,and the content and proportion of PUFA in peripheral blood were detected using gas chromatography.Bone marrow nucleated cells in the femur of mice were counted.The histopathological changes in bone marrow were observed by histopathological staining.The apoptosis of nucleated cells and the expression level changes of apoptosis-related genes in the bone marrow of mice were detected by flow cytometry and fluorescence quantitative PCR.Results:Compared with wild-type mice,mfat-1 transgenic mice showed significantly increased levels of ω-3 PUFA in peripheral blood and greater tolerance to cisplatin.Peripheral blood analysis showed that endogenous ω-3 PUFA promoted the recovery of leukocytes,erythrocytes,platelets and haemoglobin in peripheral blood of myelosuppressed mice.The results of HE staining showed that endogenous ω-3 PUFA significantly improved the structural damage of bone marrow tissue induced by cisplatin.Flow cytometry and PCR showed that,compared with wild-type mice model group,the apoptosis rate of bone marrow nucleated cells in mfat-1 transgenic mice was significantly reduced(P＜0.001),and the expression of anti-apoptotic genes Bcl-2 mRNA was significantly increased(P＜0.01),while the expressions of pro-apoptotic genes Bax and Bak mRNA were significantly reduced(P＜0.001,P＜0.05).Conclusion:Endogenous ω-3 PUFA can reduce cisplatin-induced apoptosis in bone marrow nucleated cells,increase the number of peripheral blood cells and exert a protective effect against cisplatin-induced myelosuppression by regulating the expression of apoptosis-related genes.

Objective To establish the structural confirmation methods of three suspected new psychoac-tive substances(NPSs),and explore a more general qualitative testing method.Methods Infrared ab-sorption spectroscopy(IR),gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),1H-nuclear magnetic reso-nance spectroscopy(1H-NMR),13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(13C-NMR),19F-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(19F-NMR)and other techniques were used to identify the composi-tion and structure of 5 samples containing suspected NPS submitted by public security bureaus.Results NPSs were found in the above 5 samples,and 3 were confirmed as NPS included in the newly listed controlled substances on July 1,2024,namely 2-(methylamino)-2-(2-methylphenyl)cyclohexan-1-one(2-MDCK),2-(ethylamino)-2-(2-fluorophenyl)cyclohexan-l-one(2-FXE),1-(3,4-methylenedioxy-phenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)pentan-1-one(dipentylone),respectively.The first two substances were phen-cyclidine NPS,and the third substance was synthetic cathinone NPS.Conclusion This study systemati-cally summarizes the distinguishing features of the infrared absorption spectrometry,nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry of three NPSs,which can provide a reference for the qualitative identification of unknown substances.

The main components and working principle of the negative pressure isolation treatment equipment were described,and the classification and application scopes of the negative pressure isolation treatment equipment from foreign countries and China were reviewed.The structure,key technical parameters and characteristics of different types of negative pressure isolation treatment equipment were analyzed under different conditions.The problems of the negative pressure isolation treatment equipment were analyzed,and it's pointed out it would be enhanced in component simplification,comfort,intelligence and multifunctionality.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(2):97-104]

Objective To study the impacts of tetramethylpyrazine(TMP)on the epithelial mesenchymal transformation and radiotherapy resistance of cervical cancer cells by regulating Yes-associated protein(YAP)/transcriptional coactivator(TAZ)signal pathway.Methods Human cervical cancer cell line C33A was randomly grouped into control group(without any intervention),TMP group(1.5 mg·mL-1TMP),TMP+NC group(TMP 1.5 mg·mL-1+transfection empty plasmid)and TMP+YAP1 group(TMP 1.5 mg·mL-1+transfection YAP1 overexpression plasmid).C33A-RR cells of human cervical cancer were constructed and randomly separated into control-RR group(without any intervention),radiation group(6 Gy radiation),RT group(6 Gy radiation+TMP 1.5 mg·mL-1),RTN group(6 Gy radiation+TMP 1.5 mg·mL-1+transfection empty plasmid)and RTY group(6 Gy radiation+TMP 1.5 mg·mL-1+transfection YAP1 overexpression plasmid).Western blot detected the relative expression levels of proteins;cell scratch and Transwell invasion experiments respectively examined cell migration and invasion;cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)and flow cytometry experiments respectively evaluated cell proliferation and apoptosis.Results The mobility of control group,TMP group,TMP+NC group and TMP+YAP1 group were(84.82±12.16)％,(20.67±4.48)％,(21.22±5.03)％and(76.74±0.15)％,respectively;E-cadherin protein expression levels were 0.16±0.03,0.70±0.08,0.72±0.13 and 0.19±0.04.Compared TMP group with control group of above indictors were statistically significant(all P＜0.05);compared TMP+YAP1 group with TMP group and TMP+NC group were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).YAP1 protein expression levels in control-RR group,radiation group,the RT group,RTN group and RTY group were 0.79±0.14,0.88±0.16,0.21±0.03,0.22±0.04 and 0.82±0.16,respectively;the survival rates were(100.00±0.00)％,(95.78±20.12)％,(40.13±6.07)％,(42.21±6.45)％and(90.12±18.65)％,respectively.The difference between radiation group and control-RR group were statistically significant(all P＜0.05);the differences between RT group,RTN group and radiation group,RTY group were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Conclusion TMP can down regulate the expression of YAP/TAZ signal pathway protein,thereby inhibiting epithelial mesenchymal transformation,migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells,reducing their resistance to radiotherapy and promoting their apoptosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of salvianolic acid B on the antioxidant stress capacity of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(HUCMSCs)and to improve the clinical application efficiency of mesenchymal stem cells.Methods The 5th generation HUMSCs were used for the experiment and divided into control group,model group,and experimental-L,-M,-H groups.The control group was cultured normally;the model group was treated with 800 μmol·L-1 hydrogen peroxide(H2 O2)for 2 h;and the experimental-L,-M,-H groups were pretreated with 2,10,20 μg·mL-1salvianolic acid B for 24 h before adding 800 μmol·L-1 H2 O2 for 2 h.The levels of glutathione(GSH),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and malondialdehyde(MDA)in the cell supernatant of each group were detected using test kits;real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA expression of apoptosis-related genes Caspase 1,and B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2).Results After treatment with 800 μmol·L-1H2 O2 for 2 h,the levels of MDA in the cell supernatants of the control group,model group,and experimental-H group were(3.27±0.41),(6.50±0.21)and(4.79±0.40)nmol·mL-1,respectively;the GSH levels were(35.43±0.72),(20.13±0.58)and(32.30±3.87)μmoL·L-1;the SOD levels were(5.34±0.18),(3.34±0.20)and(5.09±0.15)U·mL-1;the expression of Caspase 1 mRNA were 1.02±0.21,2.78±0.26 and 2.37±0.32;the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA were 1.01±0.12,0.43±0.03 and 0.60±0.17.Compared with the control group,the above indexes in the model group were statistically significant(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,the above indexes in the experimental-H group were statistically significant(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion Salvianolic acid B can reduce apoptosis caused by oxidative stress and enhance the antioxidant stress capacity of HUCMSCs.