Objective:To investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of pulse oximetry among pediatric healthcare providers in China and analyze the factor influencing the KAP.Methods:A self-developed questionnaire was used for an online research on the KAP of 11 849 pediatric healthcare providers from 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities of China from March 11 to 14, 2022.The factors influencing the KAP of pulse oximetry among pediatric healthcare providers were examined by Logistic regression. Results:The scores of KAP, of pulse oximetry were 5.57±0.96, 11.24±1.25 and 11.19±4.54, respectively.The corresponding scoring rates were 69.61%, 74.95%, and 55.99%, respectively. Logistic regression results showed that the gender and working years of pediatric healthcare providers, the region they were located, and whether their medical institution was equipped with pulse oximeters were the main factors affecting the knowledge score (all P<0.05). Main factors influencing the attitude score of pediatric healthcare providers included their knowledge score, gender, educational background, working years, region, medical institution level, and whether the medical institution was equipped with pulse oximeters (all P<0.05). For the practice score, the main influencing factors were the knowledge score, gender, age, and whether the medi-cal institution was equipped with pulse oximeters (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Chinese pediatric healthcare providers need to further improve their knowledge about and attitudes towards pulse oximetry.Pulse oximeters are evidently under-used.It is urgent to formulate policies or guidelines, strengthen education and training, improve knowledge and attitudes, equip more institutions with pulse oximeters, and popularize their application in medical institutions.

On February 2022, WHO released the evidence-based guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis, with aims to guide the elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem in disease-endemic countries by 2030 and promote the interruption of schistosomiasis transmission across the world. Based on the One Health concept, six evidence-based recommendations were proposed in this guideline. This article aims to analyze the feasibility of key aspects of this guideline in Chinese national schistosomiasis control program and illustrate the significance to guide the future actions for Chinese national schistosomiasis control program. Currently, the One Health concept has been embodied in the Chinese national schistosomiasis control program. Based on this new WHO guideline, the following recommendations are proposed for the national schistosomiasis control program of China: (1) improving the systematic framework building, facilitating the agreement of the cross-sectoral consensus, and building a high-level leadership group; (2) optimizing the current human and livestock treatments in the national schistosomiasis control program of China; (3) developing highly sensitive and specific diagnostics and the framework for verifying elimination of schistosomiasis; (4) accelerating the progress towards elimination of schistosomiasis and other parasitic diseases through integrating the national control programs for other parasitic diseases.
China/epidemiology* ; Disease Eradication ; Humans ; Public Health ; Schistosomiasis/prevention & control* ; World Health Organization

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of clinical features, routine laboratory examination and related gene mutation on the OS of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). METHODS: 121 patients diagnosed as MDS and underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from October 2013 to August 2018 were selected. Basic information of the patients was collected, and blood cells, bone marrow blasts at initial diagnosis, chromosomal karyotypes and gene mutations of the patients were detected.The effect of different factors on overall survival (OS) was analyzed by statistical method. RESULTS: Kaplan-Meier univariate analysis shows that OS was significanly different among different age groups. The 3-year OS rate of patients aged 0-29 years was (83.3±7.7) %, the 3-year OS rate in patients aged 30-49 years was (58.1±7.7 %), and the 3-year OS rate of patients aged 50-69 years was (31.0±22.6) %, which was statistically different (P＜0.05) between different groups. There were also significant differences in OS among patients with different transplantation types. 3-year OS rate: HLA-matched sibling HSCT＞unrelated HLA-matched HSCT＞haploidentical HSCT＞micro HSCT. The OS rate of patients with bone marrow blasts≥10% seems lower than blasts＜10%, but there was no statistical difference.The 3-year OS rate of patients with chromosomal karyotype complex abnormality was (47.7±11.5) %, and that of patients without complex abnormality was (80±4.2) % which was statistical difference (P＜0.05). Patients with DNMT3A, NRAS, TP53 and GATA2 mutations had shorter OS time compared with patients without mutation of these genes, which shows statistically significant (P＜0.05). COX multivariate analysis showed that age, chromosome karyotype, DNMT3A, TET2, GATA2 and NRAS were the independent factors influencing OS of patients after HSCT, with statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION age of patients, donor selection of HSCT, chromosome karyotype, DNMT3A, NRAS, TP53, GATA2 and TET2 gene mutations are all independent factors affecting the OS of patients after HSCT. Therefore, the assessment of the OS of MDS patients with transplantation requires comprehensive consideration.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Middle Aged ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Siblings ; Survival Analysis ; Young Adult

Traditional Chinese medicine Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f( TWHF) is a natural botanical drug in China. It has complex chemical compositions and has been used for a long history. TWHF was used as an insecticide to protect crops at early stage,and it was later found to have significant effects in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis,attaining great concerns. With further researches,it was found that TWHF can treat various diseases in the medical field due to a variety of pharmacological activities such as anti-cancer,neuroprotection,anti-inflammatory and immune-suppressing,particularly. Multiple extracts of TWHF have unique immunosuppressive function,playing an immune role through multi-target and multi-channel,with significant effect in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. As an immune-suppressing drug,TWHF is worthy of in-depth research due to its broad application prospects. While achieving good clinical efficacy,reports about its toxic effects to multiple systems of the body are also increasing,greatly hindering its clinical application. In order to fully understand the immune-suppressing function of TWHF and reduce or avoid the occurrence of toxic and side effects,we summarized recent progress of TWHF on the immune organs,cells and factors in recent years,as well as the pharmacology and toxic effects,hoping to provide a scientific and reasonable reference for its wider use in clinical treatment.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Immune System ; drug effects ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Tripterygium ; chemistry

Triptolide( TP) is isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Tripterygium wilfordii,which exhibits notable immuneregulative effect. Th17 cells involve in inflammatory response and Treg cells contribute to immune tolerance. They both play an important role in immune response. Previous studies have investigated that TP induced hepatic Th17/Treg imbalance. However,the effect of TP on spleen Th17/Treg cells remains unclear. Therefore,the aim of present study was to investigate the effect of TP on Th17/Treg cells in spleen. In this study,the effect of TP on the proliferation of splenic lymphocyte was detected by cytotoxicity test in vitro. After different concentrations of TP( 2. 5,5,20,40 nmol·L~(-1)) were given to splenic lymphocyte,cytokines secreted from the supernatant of splenic lymphocyte were detected by cytometric bead array,and the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling( SOCS) mRNA was detected by qRT-PCR. Female C57 BL/6 mice were continuously observed for 24 h after treatment of 500 μg·kg-1 TP. The effects of TP on the splenic tissue structure and the percentage of Th17/Treg cells were examined. The results showed that the IC50 of TP was19. 6 nmol·L~(-1) in spleen lymphocytes. TP inhibited the secretion of IL-2 and IL-10 and induced the expression of SOCS-1/3 mRNA in spleen lymphocytes at the dosage of 2. 5 and 5 nmol·L~(-1) after 24 h in vitro. Administration of TP at dosage of 500 μg·kg-1 had no significant spleen toxicity in vivo. TP treatment increased the percentage of Th17 cells after 12 h and inhibited the proportion of Treg cells after 12 and 24 h. In conclusion,TP reduced the secretion of IL-2 and IL-10 through SOCS-1/3 signaling pathway,thereby induced the percentage of Th17 cells and inhibited the percentage of Treg cells.
Animals ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Diterpenes ; pharmacology ; Epoxy Compounds ; pharmacology ; Female ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Phenanthrenes ; pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; Spleen ; cytology ; drug effects ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein ; metabolism ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein ; metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; cytology ; Th17 Cells ; cytology

A new variety "Zhebei 3(Zhejiao Pharmaceutical 2018002)" was selected and bred from multi seeded Fritillaria thunbergii mutants by systematic breeding method. From 2012 to 2016, the traits assessment, disease resistance appraisal, plot ratios and regional trials of the variety were continuously carried out. The results showed that "Zhebei 3" emerged early and had late seedlings. The average growth period was about 100 days, which was 6 days and 12 days higher than the "Zhebei 1" and "Zhebei 2". The average yield was 5 095.5 kg·hm~(-2), which was 14.42% and 17.71% higher than of the control respectively. The average proliferation rate of bulbs was 261.2%, which was 37.46% and 31.58% higher than that of the control, respectively. The propagation coefficient of bulbs was about 1∶2.6, and the total amount of peimine and peiminine was 0.172 2%, which was 4.49% and 29.47% higher than the control, respectively. The identification of disease resistance showed that it was resistance to bulb stem(soft) rot, better than the control. "Zhebei 3" has stable characters, high yield, good quality, strong disease resistance, and moderate propagation coefficient which is suitable for planting in Zhejiang province.
Disease Resistance ; Fritillaria ; growth & development ; Plant Breeding ; Plant Diseases ; Plant Roots

Although many population pharmacokinetics (PPK) researches have been conducted on chemical drugs, few have been in the field of Chinese medicine (CM). Each ingredient in CMs possesses different pharmacokinetic characteristics, therefore, it is important to develop methods of PPK studies on them to identify the differences in CM drug safety and efficacy among the population subgroups and to conduct quantitative studies on the determinants of CM drug concentrations. To develop an expert consensus on study design and implementation for PPK of CM, in August 2013, 6 experts in the field of PPK, CMs pharmacology, and statistics discussed problems on the PPK research protocol of CMs, and a consensus was reached. The medicines with toxicity and narrow therapeutic windows and with wide range of target population or with frequent adverse reactions were selected. The compositions with definite therapeutic effects were selected as indices, and specific time points and sample sizes were designed according to standard PPK design methods. Target components were tested through various chromatography methods. Total quantity statistical moment analysis was used to estimate PPK parameters of each component and PPK models reflecting the trend of CMs (which assists in reasonable adjustments on clinical dosage). This consensus specifies the study design and implementation process of PPK. It provides guidance for the following: post-marketing clinical studies, in vivo investigations related to the metabolism in different populations, and development and clinical adjustment of dosages of CMs.
Consensus ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacokinetics ; Expert Testimony ; Humans ; Models, Statistical ; Research Design

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CC-RCC) are serious disorders and usually fatal, and always accompanied with pathological changes in the kidney. Signal-induced proliferation-associated protein 1 (SIPA-1) is a Rap1GTPase activating protein (Rap1GAP) expressed in the normal distal and collecting tubules of the murine kidney. Lupus-like autoimmune disease and leukemia have been observed in SIPA-1 deficient mice, suggesting a pathological relevance of SIPA-1 to SLE and carcinoma in human being. The expression pattern of SIPA-1 is as yet undefined and the pathogenesis of these diseases in humans remains elusive. In this study, we used both immunohistochemistry and quantum dot (QD)-based immunofluorescence staining to investigate the expression of SIPA-1 in renal specimens from SLE and CC-RCC patients. MTT assay and Western blotting were employed to evaluate the effects of SIPA-1 overexpression on the proliferation and apoptosis of renal cell lines. Semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) was applied to examine the changes of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) mRNA level. Results showed that SIPA-1 was highly expressed in the proximal and collecting tubules of nephrons in SLE patients compared to normal ones, and similar results were obtained in the specimens of CC-RCC patients. Although SIPA-1 overexpression did not affect cellular proliferation and apoptosis of both human 786-O renal cell carcinoma cells and rat NRK-52E renal epithelial cell lines, RT-PCR results showed that HIF-1α mRNA level was down-regulated by SIPA-1 overexpression in 786-O cells. These findings suggest that SIPA-1 may play critical roles in the pathological changes in kidney, and might provide a new biomarker to aid in the diagnosis of SLE and CC-RCC.
Apoptosis ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; DNA Primers ; GTPase-Activating Proteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Tubules, Proximal ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; metabolism ; pathology ; Nuclear Proteins ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

The essence of endogenous turbidity in Chinese medicine (CM) is different from cream, fat, phlegm, retention, damp, toxicity, and stasis. Along with the development of modern scientific technologies and biology, researches on the essence of endogenous turbidity should keep pace with the time. Its material bases should be defined and new connotation endowed at the microscopic level. The essence of turbidity lies in abnormal functions of zang-fu organs. Sugar, fat, protein, and other nutrient substances cannot be properly decomposed, but into semi-finished products or intermediate metabolites. They are inactive and cannot participate in normal material syntheses and decomposition. They cannot be transformed to energy metabolism, but also cannot be synthesized as executive functioning of active proteins. If they cannot be degraded by autophagy-lysosome or ubiquitin-prosome into glucose, fatty acids, amino acids, and other basic nutrients to be used again, they will accumulate inside the human body and become endogenous turbidity. Therefore, endogenous turbidity is different from final metabolites such as urea, carbon dioxide, etc., which can transform vital qi. How to improve the function of zang-fu organs, enhance its degradation by autophagy-lysosome or ubiquitin-prosome is of great significance in normal operating of zang-fu organs and preventing the emergence and progress of related diseases.
Autophagy ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex