Collagen is a major structural protein in the matrix of animal cells and the most widely distributed and abundant functional protein in mammals. Collagen’s good biocompatibility, biodegradability and biological activity make it a very valuable biomaterial. According to the source of collagen, it can be broadly categorized into two types: one is animal collagen; the other is recombinant collagen. Animal collagen is mainly extracted and purified from animal connective tissues by chemical methods, such as acid, alkali and enzyme methods, etc. Recombinant collagen refers to collagen produced by gene splicing technology, where the amino acid sequence is first designed and improved according to one’s own needs, and the gene sequence of improved recombinant collagen is highly consistent with that of human beings, and then the designed gene sequence is cloned into the appropriate vector, and then transferred to the appropriate expression vector. The designed gene sequence is cloned into a suitable vector, and then transferred to a suitable expression system for full expression, and finally the target protein is obtained by extraction and purification technology. Recombinant collagen has excellent histocompatibility and water solubility, can be directly absorbed by the human body and participate in the construction of collagen, remodeling of the extracellular matrix, cell growth, wound healing and site filling, etc., which has demonstrated significant effects, and has become the focus of the development of modern biomedical materials. This paper firstly elaborates the structure, type, and tissue distribution of human collagen, as well as the associated genetic diseases of different types of collagen, then introduces the specific process of producing animal source collagen and recombinant collagen, explains the advantages of recombinant collagen production method, and then introduces the various systems of expressing recombinant collagen, as well as their advantages and disadvantages, and finally briefly introduces the application of animal collagen, focusing on the use of animal collagen in the development of biopharmaceutical materials. In terms of application, it focuses on the use of animal disease models exploring the application effects of recombinant collagen in wound hemostasis, wound repair, corneal therapy, female pelvic floor dysfunction (FPFD), vaginal atrophy (VA) and vaginal dryness, thin endometritis (TE), chronic endometritis (CE), bone tissue regeneration in vivo, cardiovascular diseases, breast cancer (BC) and anti-aging. The mechanism of action of recombinant collagen in the treatment of FPFD and CE was introduced, and the clinical application and curative effect of recombinant collagen in skin burn, skin wound, dermatitis, acne and menopausal urogenital syndrome (GSM) were summarized. From the exploratory studies and clinical applications, it is evident that recombinant collagen has demonstrated surprising effects in the treatment of all types of diseases, such as reducing inflammation, promoting cell proliferation, migration and adhesion, increasing collagen deposition, and remodeling the extracellular matrix. At the end of the review, the challenges faced by recombinant collagen are summarized: to develop new recombinant collagen types and dosage forms, to explore the mechanism of action of recombinant collagen, and to provide an outlook for the future development and application of recombinant collagen.

Small-molecule phenolic substances widely exist in animals and plants, and have some shared biological activities. The metabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine in the human body, and especially the metabolism of catecholamine neurotransmitters, produces endogenous small-molecule phenols. Endogenous small-molecule phenolic substances are functionally related to the important physiological processes and the occurrence of mental diseases in humans and some animals, which are systematically sorts and summarized in this review. Integrating the previous experimental research and literature analysis on natural small-molecule phenols by our research group, the understanding of the hypothesis that "small-molecule phenol are pharmacological signal carriers" was deepened. Based on above, the concept of "phenolomics" was further proposed, analyzed the research direction and research content which can bring into the knowledge framework of phenolomics. The induction of phenolomics will provide wider perspectives on explaining the pharmacological mechanism of drugs, discovering new drug targets, and finding biomarkers of mental diseases.

Objective To comprehensively excavate and analyze the research status,research hotspots and future trends of the literature related to the field of acupoint catgut embedding therapy for pain treatment in the CNKI database.Methods We searched the CNKI database from its establishment to June 2022,and scientifically analyzed the authors,keywords,and institutions of the included literature of acupoint catgut embedding therapy for pain treatment through specific algorithms of Citespace to generate a visual knowledge map.Results A total of 319 documents were included for statistical analysis,the number of publications in the field of acupoint catgut embedding therapy for the treatment of pain was generally on the rise,the number of publications by various authors was on the low side,and there was a lack of co-operation between the research teams,with the main institutions being the Guang'anmen Hospital,Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical Universities of Nationalities and the Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,forming a 10-keyword clustering,and the hotspots of diseases under study were mainly mixed haemorrhoids,postoperative pain,low back and leg pain and dysmenorrhoea,etc..The main interventions were pure acupoint catgut embedding therapy and the combination of acupoint catgut embedding therapy and other acupuncture therapies,and the main research method was clinical research.Conclusion Acupoint catgut embedding therapy for the treatment of pain has a good development prospect,the future needs to deepen the clinical research,strengthen the mechanism research,pay attention to the joint use of acupoint catgut embedding therapy and other traditional Chinese medicine methods,and pay attention to the research of different thread materials.

Objective To investigate the HBV infection status among population aged 15-65 years old in Pudong New Area, Shanghai and analyze the risk factors, and to provide a basis for HBV prevention and control. Methods Stratified two-stage cluster random sampling and other methods were used to select people aged 15 to 65 years old in Pudong New Area. Questionnaire surveys and laboratory tests were conducted to describe and compare the HBV infection status of people with different characteristics, and to analyze the risk factors of HBsAg positivity. Results A total of 1 093 people were investigated. The positive rate of HBsAg was 4.94%, the immunization rate of hepatitis B vaccine was 36.96% and the susceptibility rate of HBV was 43.64%. Among them, the HBsAg positive rate among middle-aged and elderly people was 5.10%~10.07%, and the HBsAg positive rate among women aged 15-49 years old was 2.27%. The risk factors of HBsAg positivity were age over 35 years old (35-44 years old/ 15-24 years, OR=4.25, 95% CI= 1.09-16.61; 45-65 years old /15-24 years old , OR=4.59, 95% CI=1.33-15.79), male (OR=2.33, 95% CI=1.27-4.28), family history of hepatitis (OR=5.50, 95% CI=2.10-14.36), intramuscular/intravenous injection (OR=3.22, 95% CI=1.51-6.90), traumatic beauty (OR=7.66, 95% CI=2.23-26.30) and shaving (OR=9.27, 95% CI=2.44-35.23). Conclusion The HBV infection rate among population aged 15-65 years old in Pudong New Area is low. The analysis of the risk factors suggests that effective precautions such as screening for HBV, inoculating hepatitis B vaccine, strengthening the management of public places and promoting safety syringes should be carried out for those who age 35 years old and above , have a family history of hepatitis , or have a history of intramuscular/ intravenous injection , and traumatic beauty or shaving.

italic>Salvia miltiorrhiza, a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely recognized for its blood-activating and stasis-removing properties in the clinical treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The synthesis and regulatory mechanism of tanshinones, the key active constituents of Salvia miltiorrhiza, have been a hot topic of research. The paper summarized the research findings on the regulation of tanshinone biosynthesis by transcription factors such as AP2/ERF, bHLH, MYB, bZIP, and WRKY in recent years. The review identifies the existing issues in the transcriptional regulation studies of Salvia miltiorrhiza and discusses the research direction of transcription factors in the regulation of tanshinone biosynthesis, providing a theoretical basis for the further discovery and utilization of functional genes involved in the regulation of tanshinone bioactive constituents.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the intervention effect and mechanism of Lycium barbarum leaves on letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) mice. The PCOS model was prepared by letrozole combined with high-fat diet. After successful modeling, 40 mice were randomly divided into PCOS group, positive drug metformin group, low-dose Lycium barbarum leaves group, and high-dose Lycium barbarum leaves group. The corresponding drugs were given by gavage for 29 days. At the end of the experiment, the eyeballs were removed for blood collection and ovarian tissue was collected. The ovarian mass, fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS), testosterone (T), anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and estradiol (E₂) levels were measured in each group. The morphology of ovarian tissue was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the oocytes, cystic follicles and corpus luteum were counted. Cecal contents of mice were collected for analysis of intestinal flora composition and differential flora. The animal experiment process was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The results showed that the estrous cycle of PCOS mice was disordered. Compared with the PCOS group, the Lycium barbarum leaves group can significantly reduce the ovarian damage of mice, reduce the number of cystic dilated follicles, and normalize the estrous cycle. After the intervention of Lycium barbarum leaves, the levels of FBG, FINS, T, AMH, LH, FSH and LH/FSH were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), while the level of E₂ was significantly increased (P < 0.001). In addition, Lycium barbarum leaves can regulate the disorder of intestinal flora diversity in PCOS mice, increase the abundance of Bacteroidetes, and reduce the abundance of Firmicutes, Ileibacterium, Romboutsia and Faecalibaculum. In summary, Lycium barbarum leaves can play a therapeutic role in PCOS mice by improving insulin resistance, regulating reproductive hormone disorders and gut microbiota imbalance. It provides scientific basis and useful reference for the rational utilization and development of Lycium barbarum leaves.

Objective To investigate the anti-atherosclerotic mechanism of herbal cake-separated moxibustion.Methods Twenty-four New Zealand purebred male rabbits were randomly divided into normal group,model group,herbal cake-separated moxibustion group and Atorvastatin group,with 6 rabbits in each group.Except for the normal group,the rabbits in the other groups were fed with high-fat diet mixed with Propylthiouracil(PTU)method to construct an atherosclerosis model.At the same period of modeling,corresponding intervention was given.After 12 weeks,the levels of serum total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG)and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)were detected.The pathological changes of rabbit aortic tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.The levels of serum tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α),interleukin 6(IL-6)and interleukin 10(IL-10)were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The contents of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K),phosphorylated protein kinase B(p-AKT)and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin(p-mTOR)in myocardial tissue were detected by Western Blot.Results Compared with the normal group,the serum levels of TC,TG and LDL-C in the model group were significantly increased(P＜0.001),the aortic vascular endothelial structure was significantly damaged,the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were increased(P＜0.001),the serum level of IL-10 was decreased(P＜0.01),and the protein expression levels of PI3K,p-AKT and p-mTOR in myocardial tissue were significantly decreased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,the above indexes in the herbal cake-separated moxibustion group and the Atorvastatin group were significantly improved(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01 or P＜0.001).Compared with the Atorvastatin group,the contents of TG and LDL-C in the herbal cake-separated moxibustion group were increased(P＜0.01),and other indicators did not change significantly(P＞0.05).Conclusion The mechanism of anti-atherosclerosis of herbal cake-separated moxibustion may be related to the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and the regulation of the expressions of inflammatory mediators TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-10.

Objective:To explore the best practices for the management of hospital medical consumables quantity-based procurement under the policy of quantity-based procurement for orthopedic medical consumables,and to promote the implementation of quantity-based procurement of orthopedic medical consumables.Methods:The relevant policies on quantity-based procurement of orthopedic medical consumables in recent years in China were sorted out,and the characteristics and management requirements of the policies were analyzed.The difficulties encountered by medical institutions in the practical process of quantity-based procurement of medical consumables in terms of procurement model,usage supervision and supply chain management were analyzed.A multi-departmental management collaboration model was established based on the two-tier management structure consisting of orthopedic clinical expert teams and quantity-based procurement medical consumable management teams of Peking Union Medical College Hospital,and a dynamic monitoring platform for medical consumables procurement data was built using information technology.The implementation of quantity-based procurement of orthopedic medical consumables for knee and hip joints in the implementation cycle of orthopedic medical consumables procurement based on the two-tier management structure of the hospital from 2022 to 2023 was evaluated.Results:In the execution cycle of quantity-based procurement based on the two-tier management structure,the completion of the quantity-based procurement medical consumables agreement could be monitored in real time.The agreement volume statistics time had been shortened from the original one week to real-time statistics,saving 83.6%of the medical consumables cost throughout the year.Conclusion:The quantity-based procurement management model for orthopedic medical consumables based on a two-tier management structure can strengthen the information monitoring means of medical consumables,improve the completion rate of quantity-based procurement agreements for orthopedic medical consumables,and promote the smooth and orderly implementation of quantity-based procurement of orthopedic medical consumables by building a dynamic monitoring platform for quantity-based procurement data for medical consumables.

Objective:To explore the hot spots and development direction of medical consumables research in China,and to provide reference for further improving the management of medical consumables and the quality of medical services.Methods:The academic journals with medical consumables as the subject word were searched in the database of China National Knowledge Network(CNKI)from 1 January 2014 to 20 December 2023.A total of 2,656 related literatures were retrieved,and 1,865 research literatures were finally included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.CiteSpace literature analysis software was used to analyze the number of publications,research institutions,high-frequency keywords and keyword emergence of 1,865 selected literatures.Results:The overall number of publications in the field of medical consumables in China showed an overall upward trend from 2014 to 2023,and the relevant literature research reached a peak from 2019 to 2022,with the annual publication volume maintained at around 250.The topics related to informatization,cost control,rational use,and volume-based procurement of medical consumables were the focus of attention.Conclusion:It is necessary to continue to explore the cost control of medical consumables,especially low-value non-chargeable consumables,and be good at using scientific methods such as health technology evaluation to build an evaluation system for rational use of medical consumables.The research on volume-based procurement has been a hot topic recently,and may continue to lead the research trend in the future,and the supervision of the use of volume-based procurement is the top priority of subsequent medical consumables management and research.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.