ObjectiveTo establish a geographical origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan， providing a new technical reference for the protection of Haiyuan's geo-authentic medicinal materials and its designation as a national geographical indication agricultural product. MethodsSamples of Foeniculi Fructus were collected from eight producing areas， including Minqin （Gansu）， Bozhou （Anhui）， Qingdao （Shandong）， Dezhou （Shandong）， Urumqi （Xinjiang）， Nujiang （Yunnan）， Gutuo （Inner Mongolia）， and Haiyuan （Ningxia）. Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry （GC-IMS） was used to detect the volatile organic compounds （VOCs） in samples from these geographic origins. VOCs were qualitatively analyzed through dual matching with the National Institute of Standards and Technology （NIST） mass spectral database and the IMS drift time database. Using the Reporter module and Gallery Plot visualization tools within the LAV analytical platform， VOC fingerprint profiles characterizing geographic origins were constructed. A non-targeted analytical strategy was adopted， and 97 VOCs detected via GC-IMS were subjected to principal component analysis （PCA） and partial least squares discriminant analysis （PLS-DA） based on their differential distribution patterns to construct an origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan region. Key discriminative markers were screened using variable importance in projection （VIP） values greater than 1. ResultsA total of 97 VOCs were identified， including alcohols， aldehydes， ketones， esters， organic acids， terpenoids， ethers， alkenes， and benzenes. The PLS-DA model， based on VOCs data obtained by GC-IMS， effectively distinguished Foeniculi Fructus in Haiyuan region from those of other origins. During cross-validation， the model achieved a prediction parameter （Q²） of 0.976 and a goodness-of-fit parameter （R²） of 0.936， with no overfitting observed in permutation testing. Twelve key flavor markers with VIP > 1 were identified as characteristic indicators of Haiyuan origin. ConclusionA stable and highly predictive origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan was successfully established using GC-IMS technology， PLS-DA， and VIP-based marker screening. This model provides a novel technical strategy for accurately distinguishing Foeniculi Fructus in Haiyuan region from other regional varieties and offers new technical support for its protection as a geo-authentic medicinal material and a nationally designated geographical indication agricultural product in China.

ObjectiveTo establish a geographical origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan， providing a new technical reference for the protection of Haiyuan's geo-authentic medicinal materials and its designation as a national geographical indication agricultural product. MethodsSamples of Foeniculi Fructus were collected from eight producing areas， including Minqin （Gansu）， Bozhou （Anhui）， Qingdao （Shandong）， Dezhou （Shandong）， Urumqi （Xinjiang）， Nujiang （Yunnan）， Gutuo （Inner Mongolia）， and Haiyuan （Ningxia）. Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry （GC-IMS） was used to detect the volatile organic compounds （VOCs） in samples from these geographic origins. VOCs were qualitatively analyzed through dual matching with the National Institute of Standards and Technology （NIST） mass spectral database and the IMS drift time database. Using the Reporter module and Gallery Plot visualization tools within the LAV analytical platform， VOC fingerprint profiles characterizing geographic origins were constructed. A non-targeted analytical strategy was adopted， and 97 VOCs detected via GC-IMS were subjected to principal component analysis （PCA） and partial least squares discriminant analysis （PLS-DA） based on their differential distribution patterns to construct an origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan region. Key discriminative markers were screened using variable importance in projection （VIP） values greater than 1. ResultsA total of 97 VOCs were identified， including alcohols， aldehydes， ketones， esters， organic acids， terpenoids， ethers， alkenes， and benzenes. The PLS-DA model， based on VOCs data obtained by GC-IMS， effectively distinguished Foeniculi Fructus in Haiyuan region from those of other origins. During cross-validation， the model achieved a prediction parameter （Q²） of 0.976 and a goodness-of-fit parameter （R²） of 0.936， with no overfitting observed in permutation testing. Twelve key flavor markers with VIP > 1 were identified as characteristic indicators of Haiyuan origin. ConclusionA stable and highly predictive origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan was successfully established using GC-IMS technology， PLS-DA， and VIP-based marker screening. This model provides a novel technical strategy for accurately distinguishing Foeniculi Fructus in Haiyuan region from other regional varieties and offers new technical support for its protection as a geo-authentic medicinal material and a nationally designated geographical indication agricultural product in China.

Objective:To demonstrate any role of iron metabolism in the inhibition by aerobic exercise of myocardial apoptosis in atherosclerotic mice.Methods:Eight-week-old male ApoE -/- gene knockout mice were randomly divided into a control group, a model group and an aerobic exercise group, each of 9. A model of atherosclerosis was induced in the rats of the model and aerobic exercise groups by feeding them a " western" diet for 12 weeks. During that time the aerobic exercise group only was given aerobic exercise training. The control group was fed normal rat chow during that period. Myocardial apoptosis was detected using TUNEL staining, and the expression and localization of ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in the myocardium used immunohistochemistry. Western blotting was applied to detect the FTH1 and GPX4 protein levels, and iron deposition in the myocardium was detected using Prussian blue staining. Iron, lipid peroxide malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) in the myocardial tissue were also measured. Results:The TUNEL staining showed significant apoptosis in the model group. In the aerobic exercise group it was significantly less. There was obvious iron deposition in the myocardia of the model group, which was significantly reduced in the aerobic exercise group. The average FTH1 and GPX4 levels in the model group were lower than in the control group, and significantly elevated in the aerobic exercise group.in the aerobic exercise group than in the model group. Iron and MDA levels in the aerobic exercise group were significantly lower, on average, than among the model group, while that of GSH-PX was significantly higher.Conclusions:Aerobic exercise can significantly inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis in atherosclerotic mice. The mechanism may be closely related to better iron metabolism, reduced oxidative stress and the inhibition of iron overload.

Objective To investigate the influence of sodium bicarbonate Ringer's solution and compound Ringer's solution on patients'acid-base balance and liver and kidney function during controlled low central venous pressure(CLCVP)hepatectomy.Methods A total of 60 patients with primary liver cancer who underwent CLCVP hepatectomy in the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2020 to June 2022 were selected and randomly divided into the sodium bicarbonate Ringer's solution group and compound Ringer's solution group,with 30 patients in each group.Patients in the sodium bicarbonate Ringer's solution group were infused with sodium bicarbonate Ringer's solution,while patients in the compound Ringer's solution group were infused with compound Ringer's solution after anesthesia induction and before liver parenchymal disconnection.The pH value,base excess(BE)and blood lactic acid(Lac)levels were detected using the blood gas analyzer in the two groups before anesthesia induction(T,),at the beginning of surgery(T2),2 h during surgery(T3),4 h during surgery(T4),and at the end of surgery(T5),respectively.The levels of serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),and serum creatinine(Scr)were detected using the automatic biochemical analyzer 24 h before and 24 h after surgery,respectively.The body mass,surgical time,intraoperative infusion volume,urine volume,changes in body acid-base balance during surgery,and changes in liver and kidney function before and after surgery between the two groups were compared.Results There was no statistically significant difference in body mass,surgical time,intraoperative infusion volume,and urine volume between the two groups of patients(P＞0.05).At T,,there was no statistically significant difference in pH value,BE and Lac levels between the two groups of patients(P＞0.05).Compared to T,,the pH value in the compound Ringer's solution group increased at T2 and decreased at T3,T4 and T5,while BE and Lac levels from T2 to T5 showed an increasing trend(P＜0.05);compared to T,,the pH value in the sodium bicarbonate Ringer's solution group increased at T2 and decreased at T3,BE and Lac levels increased at T2 and T3(P＜0.05),and there was no statistically significant difference in pH value,BE and Lac levels at T4 and T5 compared to T1(P＞0.05).At T5,the pH value in the sodium bicarbonate Ringer's solution group was significantly higher than that in the compound Ringer's solution group,while the BE and Lac levels were significantly lower than those in the compound Ringer's solution group(P＜0.05).There was no statisti-cally significant difference in the levels of ALT,AST,BUN and Scr 24 hours before surgery between the two groups of patients(P＞0.05);compared to 24 hours before surgery,there was no significant change in the levels of ALT,AST,BUN and Scr 24 hours after surgery(P＞0.05);there was no statistically significant difference in the levels of ALT,AST,BUN and Scr 24 hours after surgery between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Compared to compound Ringer's solution,sodium bicarbonate Ringer's solution has a smaller impact on the internal environment of the body during the CLCVP hepatectomy and can effectively maintain the stability of the body's acid-base balance.Both the two solutions have no significant impact on the patient's liver and kidney function.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of Isaria felina derived from Cordyceps sinensis combined with cyclophosphamide(CTX)in hepatoma H22 tumor-bearing mice.Methods An H22 tumor-bearing mouse model was established and mice were divided randomly into a normal control group(NC group,distilled water),model control group(MC group,distilled water),positive control group(CTX group,25 mg/kg),Isaria felina group(IF group,400 mg/kg),and combined administration group(IF+CTX group,IF 400 mg/kg+CTX 25 mg/kg),with 5 mice in each group.Distilled water and IF were administered by gavage,and CTX was administered by intraperitoneal injection.The administration cycle was 10 days.At the end of the experiment,the mean tumor volume and weight,tumor inhibition rate,q value,and immune organ index were calculated,and routine blood indexes and cytokine levels were determined.Histopathological changes in tumor tissues were observed by HE staining.Results The tumor volume and mass were significantly lower in mice in each treatment group compared with those in mice in the MC group(P＜0.05).The tumor inhibition rates in the CTX,IF,and IF+CTX groups were 49.3%,34.2%,and 72.8%,respectively,and the q value was 1.09.The numbers of white blood cells,Lymph,and platelets were significantly higher in the IF+CTX group than in the CTX group(P＜0.05).The spleen index was significantly higher in the MC group compared with that in the NC group,and significantly lower in the IF+CTX group compared with that in the MC group(P＜0.05).Serum interferon-γ levels were significantly lower in the MC group than in the NC group,and were significantly higher in the IF and IF+CTX groups compared with those in the MC and CTX groups(P＜0.05).Pathologically,tumor cells in the MC group grew well and were numerous and closely arranged,while cells in the CTX,IF,and IF+CTX groups were arranged loosely,with focal necrosis and nuclear pyknosis of necrotic cells in many places.Conclusions The combination of IF and CTX has an additive anti-tumor effect on H22 tumor-bearing mice,which can alleviate immunosuppression and have an immunomodulatory function.

Epilepsy is a long-term, chronic, recurrent, multi-factorial, multi-symptomatic nervous system disease, and was caused by abnormal discharge of brain neurons. Etiology can cause irreversible brain dysfunction and even death. There are about 6.5 million children with epilepsy in China, with incidence rate twice that of adult, presenting serious threaten to children's growth and development. Vitamin D has been well-known for crucial importance to development of nervous, skeletal, and immune system. Studies have found that pediatric epilepsy as well as other neurological diseases were closely related with vitamin D deficiency. First, a large number of studies have shown that vitamin D in children with epilepsy is affected by epilepsy itself; second, the use of anti-seizure medicines can alter metabolism of vitamin D by inducing cytochrome oxidases; third, the inducement was concerned to varieties, combination and duration of anti-seizure medicines; fourth, it was expected that supplement of vitamin D during antiepileptic treatment would guarantee an improvement of treating given that anti-seizure medicines may lead to deficiency of vitamin D. Large numbers of researches have reported on the correlation ship between pediatric epilepsy and vitamin D. However, there is still a lack of systematic review. This article aims to retrospect the research progress of relationship between pediatric epilepsy and vitamin D, and provide valuable feedbacks on further treatment of pediatric epilepsy.

ObjectiveTo understand the current research status, research hotspots and development trends of constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) in the field of rehabilitation. MethodsThe relevant articles of CIMT in rehabilitation from January, 2000 to October, 2022 in CNKI and Web of Science were retrieved. The authors, institutions, countries, keywords and burst words were extracted with CiteSpace 6.1.R3 to draw knowledge mapping. ResultsA total of 1 165 articles were included, 359 articles in Chinese and 806 in English. The trend of annual publications was generally consistent, and after a period of rapid growth, the current annual publications showed a fluctuating trend. There was more cooperation among the institutions in English articles, with geographical limitation. The institutions in Chinese articles had the problem of insufficient cooperation. The researches mainly focused on the application of CIMT in different diseases, the improvement of motor function by CIMT, the application of CIMT in combination with other therapies, and the study of the related mechanisms of CIMT. In recent years, Chinese burst keywords included modified constraint-induced movement therapy, stroke hemiparesis, clinical efficacy and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; English burst keywords included transcranial direct current stimulation, non-invasive brain stimulation, and unilateral cerebral palsy. ConclusionResearch on CIMT in the field of rehabilitation is in a period of steady development, and CIMT combined with non-invasive brain stimulation is likely to be a hotspot in future research.

AIM: To evaluate the bioequivalence of the test and reference formulations of mycophenolate mofetil capsule in Chinese healthy male subjects under fasting and fed conditions. METHODS: This was a 2-treatment, 2-sequence, 4-period, fully replicated crossover study that included 80 Chinese healthy male subjects (40 subjects in the fasting group and 40 subjects in the fed group, respectively). Subjects were assigned to receive a single oral administration of the test or reference formulation at a dose of 0.25 g in each period. The plasma concentration of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and metabolite mycophenolic acid (MPA) were analyhed by LC-MS/MS. The major pharmacokinetic parameters of MMF and MPA were calculated using non-compartmental analysis by WinNonlin 8.0. The statistical analysis was performed by SAS 9.4. Average bioequivalence (ABE) analysis was applied where it has been demonstrated that the within-subject standard deviation of the reference formulation (S

We herein describe AncPhore, a versatile tool for drug discovery, which is characterized by pharmacophore feature analysis and anchor pharmacophore (

Objective:To evaluate the effect of operation duration on the pharmacokinetics of desflurane in the patients undergoing tumor resection.Methods:One hundred and fifty patients of both sexes, aged 18-75 yr, with body mass index of 19-25 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, in whom abnormal preoperative lung function was not found, undergoing elective surgery with general anesthesia from November 2019 to March 2020, were enrolled in this study.Anesthesia was induced with intravenous injection of sufentanil 0.3 μg/kg, cisatracurium besylate 0.2 mg/kg and propofol 2 mg/kg.The patients were tracheally intubated after mechanical ventilation.Anesthesia was maintained with inhalation of desflurane, the vaporizer dial was adjusted to 6% with fresh gas flow rate of 2 L/min, and sufentanil and cisatracurium besylate were intermittently injected intravenously according to the changes in hemodynamics and degree of muscle relaxation during operation.The duration required for the end-tidal concentration of desflurane reaching 0.5 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC), time when the ratio of the end-tidal concentration of desflurane to the pre-set concentration of the vaporizer reached 1/2, time when the ratio of the end-tidal concentration of desflurane to the inhaled concentration reached 1/2, time for the end-tidal concentration of desflurane to decrease to 0.5 MAC and time for the end-tidal concentration to decrease from 0.5 MAC to 0.2 MAC immediately after closing the volatile tank were recorded.The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the operation time: operation time <2 h group (group S), operation time 2-4 h group (group M), and operation time >4 h group (group L). Results:There were no significant differences among the 3 groups in the duration required for the end-tidal concentration of desflurane reaching 0.5 MAC, time when the ratio of the end-tidal concentration of desflurane to the pre-set concentration of the vaporizer reached 1/2, time when the ratio of the end-tidal concentration of desflurane to the inhaled concentration reached 1/2, time for the end-tidal concentration of desflurane to decrease to 0.5 MAC and time for the end-tidal concentration to decrease from 0.5 MAC to 0.2 MAC immediately after closing the vaporizer ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Operation duration does not affect the pharmacokinetics of desflurane in the patients undergoing tumor resection.