Echocardiography, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as the non-invasive cardiovascular imaging techniques, play an increasingly important role in the preoperative diagnosis, intrao-perative monitoring and follow-up of congenital heart disease (CHD). At present, these techniques are widely used in the clinical diagnosis and assessment of CHD, providing comprehensive and reliable information about the cardiovascular structure and function for clinical decision-making.However, these techniques have their own advantages and limitations.The research progress of echocardiography, CT and MRI used in the diagnosis of CHD were reviewed in this paper.

Objective: To understand the pathogenic spectrum characteristics of enteroviruses of non-enterovirus (EV) 71 and non-coxsackievirus (CV) A16 associated with hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Xinjiang. Methods: Specimens were collected from HFMD patients infected with non-EV-A71 non-CV-A16 enterovirus from 2011 to 2016 in Xinjiang. The virion protein (VP)1 gene sequence was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequenced. Sequencing and genotyping were performed through erterovirus genotyping tool. Results: A total of 119 sequences were obtained, 15 human enterovirus serotypes were identified including CV-A6, CV-A10, CV-A4, CV-A8, CV-B1, CV-B3 (4 strains), CV-B4, CV-B5, ECHO30, ECHO12, ECHO14, CV-A9, CV-A24, PV1 and PV3. The composition ratio of CV-A6 among non-EV-A71 non-CV-A16 enterovirus in 2013, 2015 and 2016 was 87.9%, 79.5% and 88.3% respectively. Conclusions The pathogens causing HFMD in Xinjiang included more than 17 kinds of human enterovirus serotypes. Since 2013, CV-A6 has become the main pathogen of HFMD simultaneously or alternately with EV-A71 and CV-A16.

Objective To explore the status quo of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of diabetes in community diabetic patients, analyze its influencing factors, and provide a basis for community diabetes prevention and treatment. Methods Totally 820 diabetic patients from a community in Xuzhou were selected by cluster sampling and investigated with the general information questionnaire, diabetes knowledge questionnaire (DKQ), Problem Areas Diabetes Scale (PAID) and Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) between January and November 2017. SPSS19.0 was used for statistical analysis of data. Results The scores of diabetes KAP in the 820 community diabetic patients was (35.92±7.59), (10.95±6.20) and (25.73±7.80), respectively; and there was a positive correlation between knowledge and attitude, attitude and practice, and knowledge and practice (r=0.093,0.102,0.337; P＜0.01). There were significant differences in the scores of knowledge questionnaires of patients with different occupations, educational levels, living conditions, sleep time, course of diabetes, treatment methods and BMI (P＜0.05); the score of attitude was statistically different among diabetic patients of different sex (P＜0.01); and the score of practice was statistically different between diabetic patients with different course of disease, educational background, profession and treatment methods (P＜0.01). Conclusions The KAP level of diabetes in the diabetic patients from the community in Xuzhou was of a failure level. Therefore, diabetes educators should go to grassroots units, enhance health education, and improve the overall ability of community diabetic patients.

Objective To evaluate aorta's compliance after repair of coarctation of the aorta (CoA)using the pulse wave velocity (PWV)of MRI.Methods A retrospective analysis of cardiac MR images in 22 patients after repair of CoA was performed.PWV was measured and calculated with phase contrast MRI,and echocardiography was performed to measure both ventricular function and myocardial thickness during the same period.Age and sex-matched 22 normal subjects were served as a control group and their aortic PWVs were measured.Results The averaged PWV in study group was significantly higher than that in control group [(4 .42 ± 3 .02 )m/s vs (2 .73 ± 0 .76 )m/s,P =0.02].In study group,the PWV value of children with moderate anastomotic stenosis was the highest. ROC curve analysis showed the highest sensitivity and specificity could be achieved to distinguish the mild or moderate anastomotic stenosis when the threshold for PWV was 3.37 m/s.No significant correlations were found between left ventricular end-diastolic volume,left ventricular end-systolic volume,ejection fraction,left ventricular thickness and PWV.Conclusion PWV is increased in children after repair of CoA.Significant aortic remodelling can be observed in patients with moderate anastomotic stenosis.

Objective:To investigate the role of immune-related GTPase M1 (IRGM1) in cortical neurons autophagy in mice with sepsis induced brain injury (SIBI).Methods:Sixty wild-type C57BL/6 mice and sixty IRGM1 gene knockout C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:a sham-operated wild-type (SWT) group,a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model wild-type (MWT) group,a sham-operated knockout (SKO) group,and a CLP model knockout (MKO) group.Models of mice with sepsis were established by CLP.Six hours of after CLP,the neurobehavioral scores for mice were recorded.The mice were diagnosed with SIBI and enrolled for the studies in next step if the neurobehavioral score was less than 6 in the MWT and MKO groups.The sham operation group only opened the abdominal cavity without CLP.Pathological changes in mouse cerebral cortex were observed by HE staining.Electron microscope was used to observe the ultrastructure of autophagy in cortical neurons.The expression of IRGM1 and INF-γ mRNA in the cerebral cortex of mice were detected by Real time quantitative PCR.The protein expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-Ⅱ,LC3-Ⅰ,sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1) and IRGM1 were measured by Western blot.Immunofluorescence staining was used to examine the expression of IRGM 1 in mouse cortical neurons.Results:In the MWT group,the cortical neurons showed dilated endoplasmic reticulum,swelling mitochondria,and increased number of autophagosomes after 6 or 24 h of CLP in contrast to the SWT group.At 6 h after CLP,the expression of LC3-Ⅱ in the cerebral cortex began to up-regulate,and the up-regulation was maintained till 96 h after CLP;on the contrary,SQSTM1 began to decline after 6 h of CLP.Compared with SWT group,IRGM1 was strongly up-regulated in the cerebral cortex of mice at both mRNA and protein levels in the MWT group after 12 h of CLP,and the mRNA expression of IFN-γ was also increased significantly (P＜0.05).At 24 h after CLP,the IRGM1 expression of cortical neurons in the MWT group was significantly higher than that in the SWT group.The baseline of autophagy activity was quite low in the cerebral cortex cells in the SWT and the SKO groups.There was almost no detected expression of LC3-Ⅱ;conversely,the expression of SQSTM1 was very high after 12 h of CLP.However,the expression of LC3-Ⅱ was significantly up-regulated and the expression of SQSTM1 was down-regulated in the MWT group (P＜0.05).On the other hand,there was almost no detected LC3-Ⅱ expression in cerebral cortex in the MKO group,and the expression of SQSTMI was up-regulated.At 6 h after CLP,the incidence of SIBI was 90％ (27/30) in the MWT group,and 96.67％ (29/30) in the MKO group.At 12 h of CLP,the neurobehavioral scores in the MKO group was significantly lower than that in the MWT group (4.97±0.71 vs 5.43±0.86;t=2.284,P=0.026).HE staining showed that mice in the MKO group suffered severe cerebral cortex injury,and the number of nerve cells was significantly reduced compared with that in the MWT group.Conclusion:The IRGM1 exerts a protective effect on the brain of the mice with SIBI,and its mechanism might be related to the regulation of autophagy in mouse cortical neurons.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between aberrant methylation of Syk and Runx3 genes and recurrence and metastasis after resection of gastric cancer.

METHODSApplying methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction technique, promoter methylation of Syk and Runx3 genes in the tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues of gastric cancer patients were detected to investigate the relationship between methylation status of the promoter region of Syk and Runx3 genes and postoperative recurrence and metastasis.

RESULTSIn the 70 cases of gastric cancer, the frequencies of promoter methylation of Syk and Runx3 genes were 45.7% (32/70) and 55.7% (39/70) in gastric cancer, and 0 (0/70) and 7.1% (5/70), respectively, in the adjacent normal tissues. The rates of promoter methylation of Syk and Runx3 genes in the gastric cancers were significantly higher than that in the adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.001 for all). The promoter methylation of Syk and Runx3 genes was significantly correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis and pathological staging (P < 0.05 for all). The frequency of postoperative recurrence and metastasis in 32 patients with Syk promoter methylation was 65.6% (21/32) and that in 38 cases with Syk promoter unmethylation was 18.4% (7/38), showing a significant difference between the two subgroups (χ(2) = 16.13, P < 0.001). The rate of postoperative recurrence and metastasis in 39 patients with Runx3 promoter methylation was 61.5% (24/39) and that in 31 patients with Runx3 promoter unmethylation was 12.9% (4/31, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONSThe methylation of Syk and Runx3 promoters plays an important role in postoperative recurrence and metastasis of gastric cancer. Combined detection of promoter methylation of Syk and Runx3 genes is helpful for early diagnosis and evaluation of prognosis of gastric cancer.

Adenocarcinoma ; genetics ; pathology ; surgery ; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; genetics ; pathology ; surgery ; Adenocarcinoma, Papillary ; genetics ; pathology ; surgery ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell ; genetics ; pathology ; surgery ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 3 Subunit ; genetics ; DNA Methylation ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasm Staging ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; genetics ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; surgery ; Syk Kinase ; Young Adult

Kawasaki disease can affect the coronary arteries,including coronary artery dilation,aneurysm,stenosis and thrombus.Conventional coronary angiography is the gold standard for coronary artery evaluation,but there are risks associated with its invasive nature and with the exposure to contrast agents and radiation.With the rapid development,computed tomography angiography and magnetic resonance angiography become the noninvasive imaging modalities to evaluate the coronary artery.

Objective To investigate the relationship between aberrant methylation of Syk and Runx3 genes and recurrence and metastasis after resection of gastric cancer . Methods Applying methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction technique , promoter methylation of Syk and Runx 3 genes in the tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues of gastric cancer patients were detected to investigate the relationship between methylation status of the promoter region of Syk and Runx 3 genes and postoperative recurrence and metastasis . Results In the 70 cases of gastric cancer , the frequencies of promoter methylation of Syk and Runx3 genes were 45.7%(32/70) and 55.7% (39/70) in gastric cancer, and 0 (0/70) and 7.1%(5/70), respectively, in the adjacent normal tissues .The rates of promoter methylation of Syk and Runx3 genes in the gastric cancers were significantly higher than that in the adjacent normal tissues (P<0.001 for all).The promoter methylation of Syk and Runx3 genes was significantly correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation , depth of invasion , lymph node metastasis and pathological staging (P <0.05 for all).The frequency of postoperative recurrence and metastasis in 32 patients with Syk promoter methylation was 65.6% ( 21/32 ) and that in 38 cases with Syk promoter unmethylation was 18.4%(7/38), showing a significant difference between the two subgroups (χ2 =16.13, P<0.001).The rate of postoperative recurrence and metastasis in 39 patients with Runx3 promoter methylation was 61.5%(24/39) and that in 31 patients with Runx3 promoter unmethylation was 12.9% (4/31, P <0.001). Conclusions The methylation of Syk and Runx 3 promoters plays an important role in postoperative recurrence and metastasis of gastric cancer .Combined detection of promoter methylation of Syk and Runx 3 genes is helpful for early diagnosis and evaluation of prognosis of gastric cancer .

Objective To investigate the relationship between aberrant methylation of Syk and Runx3 genes and recurrence and metastasis after resection of gastric cancer . Methods Applying methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction technique , promoter methylation of Syk and Runx 3 genes in the tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues of gastric cancer patients were detected to investigate the relationship between methylation status of the promoter region of Syk and Runx 3 genes and postoperative recurrence and metastasis . Results In the 70 cases of gastric cancer , the frequencies of promoter methylation of Syk and Runx3 genes were 45.7%(32/70) and 55.7% (39/70) in gastric cancer, and 0 (0/70) and 7.1%(5/70), respectively, in the adjacent normal tissues .The rates of promoter methylation of Syk and Runx3 genes in the gastric cancers were significantly higher than that in the adjacent normal tissues (P<0.001 for all).The promoter methylation of Syk and Runx3 genes was significantly correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation , depth of invasion , lymph node metastasis and pathological staging (P <0.05 for all).The frequency of postoperative recurrence and metastasis in 32 patients with Syk promoter methylation was 65.6% ( 21/32 ) and that in 38 cases with Syk promoter unmethylation was 18.4%(7/38), showing a significant difference between the two subgroups (χ2 =16.13, P<0.001).The rate of postoperative recurrence and metastasis in 39 patients with Runx3 promoter methylation was 61.5%(24/39) and that in 31 patients with Runx3 promoter unmethylation was 12.9% (4/31, P <0.001). Conclusions The methylation of Syk and Runx 3 promoters plays an important role in postoperative recurrence and metastasis of gastric cancer .Combined detection of promoter methylation of Syk and Runx 3 genes is helpful for early diagnosis and evaluation of prognosis of gastric cancer .

OBJECTIVETo establish a culture system for transgenic Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots.

METHODInvestigated the success rate of different explants, different infection time and different co-culture time to induce hairy roots of S. miltiorrhiza. Co-cultured explants were sterilizated with 400 g x L(-1) Cef water for 5 min, inoculated on MS solid medium supplied with 400 mg x mL(-1) cef and 2.5 g x L(-1) Hyg, and then transfered to the 67-V liquid medium with 2.5 g x L(-1) Hyg after complete sterilization. GFP fluorescence detection was performed to detect positive hairy root lines. PCR method to detect rolC gene which is the specific gene of hairy root. Biomass was determinated in different growth periods of root lines. HPLC was conducted to measure the content of dihydrotanshinone I of transgenic hairy roots.

RESULTLeaf base of S. miltiorrhiza was used as a perfect explant to Induce hairy roots, the success rate can reach 93.3%. Inducing efficiency was up to 63.3% after Agrobacterium infection for 10 min. Co-culture for 2-3 d can reach the best induced effect. It is a high credibiliy to use PCR method combined with detection of GFP fluorescence to identified positive transformants. There is a close contact between biomass increases and secondary metabolite accumulation of transgenic hairy roots.

CONCLUSIONSuccessfully in vitro culture system has been established in transgenic S. miltiorrhiza, and this research can lay foundations for the further genetic engineering applications.

Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; metabolism ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Plant Roots ; genetics ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; genetics ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Tissue Culture Techniques ; methods