To investigate the molecular mechanism of modified Yigong powder(MYG)in the treat-ment of spleen deficiency syndrome based on network pharmacology and analyzed the effect of MYG on gastrointestinal simulated intestinal flora of spleen deficiency dogs and mucosal barrier of Caco-2 cells,as well as the interaction between intestinal flora and mucosal barrier.The molecular mechanism of MYG in the treatment of spleen deficiency syndrome was predicted by network pharmacology.The fecal samples of three canines(12±1)years old with spleen deficiency were collected to establish an in vitro gastrointestinal simulation system,which was divided into the o-riginal fecal sample group,the gastrointestinal simulation group and the gastrointestinal simulation treated by MYG group.The structural changes of the flora in each group were detected by 16S rD-NA sequencing.The metabolites were extracted from the gastrointestinal simulation system trea-ted by MYG group to study its effect on LPS-induced Caco-2 cell mucosal barrier injury model.The cell experiments included the blank control group,LPS model group,modified Yigong metabolite group.The permeability of mucosal was determined by fluorescein sodium,and then relative ex-pression levels of Claudin-1,Occludin and ZO-1 mRNA were determined by qPCR.The correlation between intestinal flora and Caco-2 cell mucosal barrier index after MYG intervention was further analyzed.The results showed that MYG had 76 active ingredients and 45 potential targets for the treatment of spleen deficiency syndrome.Forty key targets were obtained through protein interac-tion analysis,34 items were obtained by GO enrichment analysis,and 16 pathways were obtained by KEGG enrichment analysis.In the gastrointestinal simulation system,compared with the gas-trointestinal simulation group,at the phylum level,the abundance of Firmicutes,Bacteroides and Actinobacteriota increased significantly(P＜0.05),and the abundance of Proteobacteria decreased significantly(P＜0.05).At the genus level,the abundance of Fusobacterium,[Ruminococcus]gna-vus group and Blautia increased significantly(P＜0.05),while the abundance of Escherichia-Shi-gella and Citrobacter decreased significantly(P＜0.05).The diversity index of intestinal flora in the gastrointestinal simulation treated by MYG group was significantly increased(P＜0.05).In cell experiments,compared with the LPS model group,the mucosal permeability of Caco-2 cells in the modified Yigong metabolite group was significantly reduced(P＜0.01),and the expression levels of Claudin-1,Occludin and ZO-1 mRNA were significantly increased(P＜0.01).Correlation analysis showed that there was a certain correlation between bacterial community structure and mucosal barrier indexes.In summary,MYG may act on 40 key targets such as TNF,IL6,IL18,CX-CL8 and AKT1 through 76 active ingredients such as quercetin,arachidonic acid and naringin,and treat spleen deficiency syndrome in dogs through 16 signaling pathways such as AGE-RAGE,FoxO and HIF-l.In addition,the gastrointestinal metabolites of MYG up-regulate tight junction protein mRNA expression,reduce mucosal permeability,and repair mucosal barrier,which may be related to MYG's regulation of flora structure.

Objective:To investigate the clinical features of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and serum-positive specific IgE (SIgE).Methods:This study was a retrospective cohort study. A total of 105 stable COPD patients with allergic features and completed serum SIgE testing were included, and all of them were from Capital Medical University, Beijing Tong Ren Hospital from September 2022 to October 2023. Those with at least one positive result of SIgE testing were classified as positive SIgE COPD group, and those with negative SIgE were classified as negative SIgE COPD group. There were 32 cases (30.5%) in the positive SIgE COPD group and 73 cases (69.5%) in the negative SIgE COPD group. Differences in laboratory tests, pulmonary function, chronic obstructive pulmonary symptom scores, incidence of severe acute exacerbation events in the past year, and drug therapy were compared between the two groups. The risk factors for positive SIgE COPD were analyzed, and the best predictive value for the diagnosis of positive SIgE COPD was analyzed using the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC).Results:Compared with the negative SIgE COPD group, the percentage of positive SIgE COPD group with rhinitis, sinusitis, sinusitis with nasal polyps, eczema, and a history of drug or food allergy were higher (all P<0.05) and the percentage of those who had quit smoking were higher ( P<0.05); the percentage of IgE above normal thresholds, the level of IgE, the percentage of peripheral blood eosinophil (EOS%), the count of EOS, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were higher (all P<0.05), and the percentage of those who had severe and above severe Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of COPD (GOLD) pulmonary function classification were higher, while the percentage of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1% predicted), 25% maximal expiratory flow (MEF 25%) and MEF 75/25% were lower, and FEV 1/FVC was higher (all P<0.05). The positive SIgE COPD group had higher modified British medical research council (mMRC) scores and COPD assessment test (CAT) scores, and a higher incidence of severe acute exacerbation events over the past year (all P<0.05), and the use of short-acting β 2 receptor agonists (SABA) or short-acting muscarinic antagonist (SAMA), inhaled corticosteroid (ICS), theophylline and oral hormone therapy were more frequent (all P<0.05). EOS% ( OR=1.252, 95% CI: 1.039-1.508) was a risk factor for SIgE positivity in COPD ( P<0.05), and having quit smoking ( OR=0.385, 95% CI: 0.197-0.751) was a protective factor ( P<0.05). The AUC value of the ROC curve of EOS%>2.5% for the diagnosis of SIgE positivity was 0.647 (95% CI: 0.543-0.752), with a sensitivity and specificity of 52.8% and 73.1%, respectively. Conclusions:Positive SIgE COPD has sever clinical symptoms, high risk of acute exacerbation and deficiencies in treatment. The elevate of EOS% is a risk factor for the development of positive SIgE in COPD patients; positive SIgE COPD meets the diagnostic criteria for allergic COPD phenotype, and EOS% over 2.5% is suggestive of the clinical detection of allergic COPD phenotype.

Patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-positive breast cancer are prone to develop brain metastases.Inefficient drug delivery due to the blood-brain barrier/blood-tumor barrier is a major dilemma in the systemic treatment of brain metastases.Therefore,patients with HER2-positive breast cancer brain metastasis usually have few treatment options and poor prognosis.In traditional opinions,it is difficult for macromolecule drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier,but with the in-depth understanding of the properties of the blood-brain barrier/blood-tumor barrier,this view has gradually changed,especially when several clinical studies have validated the efficacy of new antibody-drug conjugates(ADC)in patients with brain metastasis in the recent years.These findings have provided more treatment options for HER2-positive breast cancer patients with brain metastasis.This review introduces the mechanism of systemic treatment drugs and sorts out the current important advances in systemic treatment for HER2-positive breast cancer patients with brain metastases,hoping to provide some reference for the clinical practice of treatment for HER2-positive breast cancer brain metastases in China.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of intra-biliary drainage versus T-tube drainage following laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) for choledocholithiasis.Methods:The clinical data of 50 patients undergoing LCBDE for choledocholithiasis in Dalian Friendship Hospital of Dalian Medical University from January 2018 to October 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, including 23 males and 27 females, aged (61.3±16.2) years old. Patients were divided into the intra-biliary drainage group and T-tube drainage group. Propensity score matching was used to match the baseline data of the two groups at a 1∶1 ratio. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, abdominal drainage tube indwelling time, postoperative bile drainage volume and postoperative complications were compared between the groups.Results:Compared with the T-tube group, the operative time [(155.0±36.5) min vs. (194.4±55.8) min], length of postoperative hospital stay [8.0(7.0, 8.0) d vs. 11.0(8.0, 13.0) d], and abdominal drainage tube indwelling time [5.0(4.0, 6.0) d vs. 6.0(5.0, 8.0) d] were all shorter in the intra-biliary drainage tube group (all P<0.05). The postoperative bile drainage volume was reduced [0 ml vs. 431.4(344.7, 484.3) ml]. No postoperative bile leakage occurred in either group. The intraoperative blood loss, proportion of postoperative residual stone, stone recurrence and biliary stricture were comparable between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion:Intra-biliary tube drainage following LCBDE could be safe and effective for choledocholithiasis. Compared to the classic procedure of T-tube drainage, it may be superior in the operation time, postoperative hospital stay, abdominal drainage tube indwelling time, postoperative bile drainage volume.

Objective:To predict the mechanism of Danggui Buxue Decoction for anti-myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and "treating different diseases with the same method" in ischemic stroke based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.Methods:The active components and targets of Danggui Buxue Decoction were screened by retrieving the database of TCMSP and literature; the corresponding targets of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and ischemic stroke were found by OMIM and GeneCards database; the intersection targets of Danggui Buxue Decoction and disease were obtained by using Venny diagram, and the common target network and protein-protein interaction network were constructed by Cytoscape 3.7.1 software and STRING database. The GO and KEGG pathways were enriched by David Database, and the Bio GPS database was used to obtain the tissue distribution information of the key targets. The molecular docking technology was used to verify the results.Results:There were 21 active components in Danggui Buxue Decoction, 181 effective targets and 93 cross targets with diseases. The key components were quercetin, Kaempferol, β-sitosterol, formononetin and isorhamnetin. The key targets were AKT1, TNF, IL6, IL-1β and VEGFA. The enrichment results showed that the main action pathways were fluid shear force and arteriosclerosis, lipid and arteriosclerosis, AGE-RAGE signal pathway in diabetic complications, and the core targets were mainly located in the medullary cells, dendritic cell, smooth muscle, prostate, thyroid and other tissues. The results of molecular docking showed that quercetin had the best binding effect to IL-1β, while isorhamnetin had the best binding effect to IL-1β.Conclusion:Danggui Buxue Decoction is against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and ischemic stroke through hemodynamics, lipid metabolism, inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress, immune reaction and cell apoptosis, plays the role of "treating different diseases with the same method".

Objective:To study the clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods and therapeutic outcomes of transverse testicular ectopia (TTE).Methods:Clinical data of 8 cases of TTE treated in the Department of the First Urologic Surgery, Xinxiang Central Hospital and Department of Pediatric Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from May 2004 to November 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.Clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, surgical treatment and follow-up results of TTE were summarized.Results:The age of 8 cases of TTE was 1 year 5 months to 5 years.Among the 8 cases of TTE, 6 cases were involved with the left side and 2 cases with the right side.All patients were admitted due to scrotal emptiness.Three cases were combined with persistent Müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS) and 1 case combined with hypospadias.Preoperative diagnosis of TTE was definitely made in 5 cases, involving 4 cases diagnosed by ultrasound and 1 case diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging.Laparoscopy was performed in 2 cases, including 1 case treated with laparoscopic scrotopexy, and the other one transferred to an open surgery of trans-septal orchiopexy due to poor development of the spermatic cord.Open surgery was performed in 6 cases, including 1 case with bilateral testicular fixation in the ipsilateral scrotum due to adhesion of spermatic cord closely, and 5 cases with trans-septal orchiopexy.Müllerian ducts residues were excised during surgery in 3 cases combined with PMDS.Postoperative wound infection or hematoma was not reported in all cases.Orchiepididymitis and the involvement of contralateral testes occurred in 1 case treated with trans-septal orchiopexy at 11 months postoperatively, which were relieved after anti-inflammatory treatment.All cases were postoperatively followed up for 3-48 months, and the development and blood supply of bilateral testes were detected normal by ultrasonography.Postoperative testicular atrophy was not reported.Conclusions:The possibility of TTE should be considered in patients with unilateral cryptorchidism combined with contralateral inguinal mass.Ultrasonography is preferred to the diagnosis of TTE.Laparoscopic surgery plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of TTE, which is helpful to identify abnormalities in the Müllerian duct structure.

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common chronic degenerative disease of cartilage, which often occurs in middle-aged and elderly patients. It can cause joint swelling, pain and limited movement. With the aging population gradually increasing in China, the prevalence of KOA is also increasing, imposing burdens on patients, families and society. At present, the clinical treatment methods for KOA mainly include physical exercise therapy, non-steroidal analgesic drug therapy, intra-articular hormone injection therapy and surgical treatment, which can improve symptoms and reduce pain but cannot effectively cure KOA. With the development of medicine, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy, as a new treatment method, has the effects of nerve repair and pain relief, and has become a new choice for the treatment of KOA. This article reviews the application of PRP in KOA, so as to provide a new perspective for clinical treatment of knee osteoarthritis KOA.

Entinostat plus exemestane in hormone receptor-positive (HR+) advanced breast cancer (ABC) previously showed encouraging outcomes. This multicenter phase 3 trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of entinostat plus exemestane in Chinese patients with HR + ABC that relapsed/progressed after ≥1 endocrine therapy. Patients were randomized (2:1) to oral exemestane 25 mg/day plus entinostat (n = 235) or placebo (n = 119) 5 mg/week in 28-day cycles. The primary endpoint was the independent radiographic committee (IRC)-assessed progression-free survival (PFS). The median age was 52 (range, 28-75) years and 222 (62.7%) patients were postmenopausal. CDK4/6 inhibitors and fulvestrant were previously used in 23 (6.5%) and 92 (26.0%) patients, respectively. The baseline characteristics were comparable between the entinostat and placebo groups. The median PFS was 6.32 (95% CI, 5.30-9.11) and 3.72 (95% CI, 1.91-5.49) months in the entinostat and placebo groups (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.58-0.98; P = 0.046), respectively. Grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs) occurred in 154 (65.5%) patients in the entinostat group versus 23 (19.3%) in the placebo group, and the most common grade ≥3 treatment-related AEs were neutropenia [103 (43.8%)], thrombocytopenia [20 (8.5%)], and leucopenia [15 (6.4%)]. Entinostat plus exemestane significantly improved PFS compared with exemestane, with generally manageable toxicities in HR + ABC (ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT03538171).

With the rapid development of the field of interventional therapy of cardiac valve, the innovative researches of interventional therapy of cardiac valve products have become the focus of global research. At present, there is a serious shortage of interventional valvular medical devices on the market in China, and large-scale interventional valve products are undergoing early human trials or confirmatory clinical trials. The effective quality control of clinical trials is of great significance to ensure that clinical trial data can be used to support the marketing of device products. By analyzing the problems in clinical trials quality control of interventional valvular medical devices in our hospital, and combining the characteristics of device products and diseases, we explore the key points of quality control and provide reference for the implementation and completion of high-quality clinical trials.

Objective: To understand the current situation and associated factors of cellphone usage and addiction among Chinese children and adolescents, to provide reference for effective prevention and intervention of cellphone addiction. Methods: Using a stratified random sampling approach, 11 213 children and adolescents and their parents from 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China were recruited and surveyed. Results: The median of daily mobile phone use time among Chinese children and adolescents were 120.00 minutes, as reported by either children or parents. Child s age( β =0.12), hedonic( β =0.11) and social( β =0.09) cellphone use motivations positively related to time spent on cellphone( P <0.01). Cellphone related parental communication( β =-0.06) and knowledge( β =-0.03), as well as cellphone usage on instrumental( β =-0.04) or self representation( β =-0.16) motivation negatively related to time spent on cellphone( P <0.05). Child s age( β =-0.04), cellphone related parental communication( β =-0.09) and awareness( β =-0.14), cellphone use on instrumental motivation( β =-0.22) were negatively associated with cellphone addiction among children and adolescents( P <0.05). Cellphone related parental monitoring( β =0.07), as well as cellphone usage on self representation motivation( β =0.03) or hedonic motivation( β =0.29) positively related to cellphone addiction in children and adolescents( P <0.05). Conclusion Time spent on mobile phone and mobile phone addiction of Chinese children and adolescents are influenced by various internal and external factors, such as the mobile phone use motivation and parenting style.Future school education should help children develop scientific motivation for mobile phone use. Family education should help parents develop positive parenting behaviors such as communication and awareness, so as to reduce the possibility of improper mobile phone use.