BACKGROUND:Mouse osteogenic potential is regulated by the JAK-STAT signaling pathway,and interleukin-9 can regulate multiple cellular functions through the JAK-STAT pathway,which has the potential to be a novel cytokine that regulates osteogenic potential. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of interleukin-9 deficiency on osteogenic potential in mice METHODS:The femurs collected from 2-month-old wild-type and interleukin-9 knockout mice were subjected to Micro-CT scanning to analyze the changes in bone mass.Then,hematoxylin-eosin staining,Masson staining,and immunohistochemical staining of type Ⅰ collagen were performed on the slices of the femurs of mice.Bone marrow cells from 2-month-old wild-type and interleukin-9 knockout mice were extracted for colony-forming assay and detection of osteogenic gene expression in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.To further verify whether interleukin-9 worked through the JAK-STAT pathway,the expression of STAT3 protein was detected by western blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Micro-CT results showed the bone mass of interleukin-9 knockout mice decreased significantly compared with that of wild-type mice.In addition,the bone mineral density,bone volume fraction,trabecular number significantly decreased and trabecular separation markedly escalated in interleukin-9 knockout mice.The findings of hematoxylin-eosin staining were consistent with Micro-CT results.Interleukin-9 knockout mice had lower bone trabecular density.Type I collagen immunohistochemistry staining and Masson staining indicated the number of type Ⅰ collagen positive osteoblasts was significantly reduced and the capacity of collagen formation was damaged in interleukin-9 knockout mice.The results of colony-forming assay indicated that the mineralization capacity of osteoblast in interleukin-9 knockout mice were significantly lower than that in wild-type mice.Western blot results showed that osteogenesis induction activated STAT3 signaling,and the pSTAT3 level in wild-type mice with osteogenic induction was significantly higher than that in interleukin-9 knockout mice with osteogenic induction.These findings suggest that interleukin-9 regulates osteogenesis through the JAK-STAT3 pathway and interleukin-9 deficiency inhibits osteoblast differentiation and function,which may lead to reduced bone mass in interleukin-9 knockout mice.

Objective:To analyze the epidemic characteristics of reported tuberculosis incidence in Kashgar from 2015 to 2022, and use the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model to predict the incidence, providing references for the local control of pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods:The reported incidence data of tuberculosis in the Kashgar area of Xinjiang from January 2015 to August 2023 were collected through the"Infectious Disease Monitoring System", a subsystem of the "Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System". The epidemic characteristics of reported incidence in this area from 2015 to 2022 were analyzed. Two SARIMA models of monthly reported incidence number and rate were established. The prediction performance of the two models was evaluated using the reported incidence data of tuberculosis from January 2023 to August 2023. The χ2 test was used to analyze population characteristics, and the Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to analyze annual incidence. Results:From 2015 to 2022, 133 972 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were reported in Kashgar, with a yearly reported incidence rate of 383.64/100 000, showing a rising trend ( TCA=77.03, P<0.001) and then a declining trend ( TCA=176.16, P<0.001). The proportion of pathogenic positive pulmonary tuberculosis had increased yearly ( TCA=132.66, P<0.001). The reported onset time was concentrated from January to June each year, with a peak in April. Yengisar County, Zepu County and Yopurga County had the highest reported incidence rate in Kashgar. The sex ratio of men to women was 1.03∶1, and the reported incidence rate of men was higher than that of women ( χ2=27.04, P<0.001). The reported incidence rate of the group aged 60 years and older was the highest. The patient′s occupation was mainly farmers (84.99%). The average relative errors of the SARIMA ( 1, 1, 2) ( 0, 1, 1) 12 model and SARIMA ( 0, 1, 1)( 0, 1, 1) 12 model in predicting the reported monthly incidence number and rate were 11.67% and -9.81%, respectively. Both models had good prediction accuracy (MAPE=33.55%, MAPE=38.22%). Conclusion:The average reported incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in the Kashgar area shows a rising trend first and then a declining trend. The patients are mainly men and farmers, and attention should be paid to the prevention and control of tuberculosis among the elderly in winter and spring. The SARIMA ( 1, 1, 2) ( 0, 1, 1) 12 model and SARIMA ( 0, 1, 1)( 0, 1, 1) 12 model can fit the trend of reported tuberculosis incidence in the Kashgar area well and have good predictive performance.

Objective:To analyze the epidemic characteristics of reported tuberculosis incidence in Kashgar from 2015 to 2022, and use the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model to predict the incidence, providing references for the local control of pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods:The reported incidence data of tuberculosis in the Kashgar area of Xinjiang from January 2015 to August 2023 were collected through the"Infectious Disease Monitoring System", a subsystem of the "Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System". The epidemic characteristics of reported incidence in this area from 2015 to 2022 were analyzed. Two SARIMA models of monthly reported incidence number and rate were established. The prediction performance of the two models was evaluated using the reported incidence data of tuberculosis from January 2023 to August 2023. The χ2 test was used to analyze population characteristics, and the Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to analyze annual incidence. Results:From 2015 to 2022, 133 972 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were reported in Kashgar, with a yearly reported incidence rate of 383.64/100 000, showing a rising trend ( TCA=77.03, P<0.001) and then a declining trend ( TCA=176.16, P<0.001). The proportion of pathogenic positive pulmonary tuberculosis had increased yearly ( TCA=132.66, P<0.001). The reported onset time was concentrated from January to June each year, with a peak in April. Yengisar County, Zepu County and Yopurga County had the highest reported incidence rate in Kashgar. The sex ratio of men to women was 1.03∶1, and the reported incidence rate of men was higher than that of women ( χ2=27.04, P<0.001). The reported incidence rate of the group aged 60 years and older was the highest. The patient′s occupation was mainly farmers (84.99%). The average relative errors of the SARIMA ( 1, 1, 2) ( 0, 1, 1) 12 model and SARIMA ( 0, 1, 1)( 0, 1, 1) 12 model in predicting the reported monthly incidence number and rate were 11.67% and -9.81%, respectively. Both models had good prediction accuracy (MAPE=33.55%, MAPE=38.22%). Conclusion:The average reported incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in the Kashgar area shows a rising trend first and then a declining trend. The patients are mainly men and farmers, and attention should be paid to the prevention and control of tuberculosis among the elderly in winter and spring. The SARIMA ( 1, 1, 2) ( 0, 1, 1) 12 model and SARIMA ( 0, 1, 1)( 0, 1, 1) 12 model can fit the trend of reported tuberculosis incidence in the Kashgar area well and have good predictive performance.

Objective:To investigate the expression of complement C3 in serums and tissues of lung adenocarcinoma patients with brain metastases and the mechanism of complement C3 in inducing epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT).Methods:The retrospective case-control study, cell experiments and animal experiments were conducted. The serum samples from 20 healthy examinees, 20 advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients without brain metastases and 20 advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients with brain metastases at the First People's Hospital of Yancheng from January 2021 to January 2023 were collected, and the expression of complement C3 in serum samples was detected by immunoturbidimetry. At the same time, lung tissue samples were collected from 10 lung adenocarcinoma patients without brain metastases, and lung tissue and brain tissue samples were collected from 10 lung adenocarcinoma patients with brain metastases in the First People's Hospital of Yancheng. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of complement C3, C3aR, Kruppel like factor 5 (KLF5), and N-cadherin (N-cad) in the tissue samples. Using lentivirus to construct a human lung adenocarcinoma with brain metastases cell line PC14-C3 with stable overexpression of complement C3, with cells infected with empty vector virus as the control group (PC14-Ctrl). Western blotting was used to detect the expression of complement C3, KLF5, N-cad, and E-cadherin (E-cad) in PC14-C3 and PC14-Ctrl cells, and scratch assay was used to assess cell migration ability. Using the random number table method, 12 BALB/c nude mice were evenly divided into PC14-C3 group and PC14-Ctrl group. PC14-C3 cells and PC14-Ctrl cells were subcutaneously inoculated on the ventral side, and the body mass and tumor volume of the nude mice were recorded. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of KLF5, N-cad and E-cad mRNA in various tumor cells and tumor tissues of nude mice.Results:The serum complement C3 levels in healthy individuals, lung adenocarcinoma patients without brain metastases and lung adenocarcinoma patients with brain metastases were (1.14±0.17) g/L, (1.20±0.15) g/L and (1.61±0.21) g/L, respectively. The serum complement C3 level in lung adenocarcinoma patients with brain metastases was higher than that in lung adenocarcinoma patients without brain metastases and healthy individuals, and the differences were statistically significant (both P < 0.001). The results of immunohistochemical testing showed that the proportions of positive expression areas of complement C3, C3aR, KLF5, and N-cad proteins in the lung primary lesions of lung adenocarcinoma patients with brain metastases were higher than those of patients without brain metastases, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The mRNA ( P < 0.05) and protein expression levels of complement C3 in PC14-C3 cells were higher than those in PC14-Ctrl cells, indicating successful transfection. The scratch assay results showed that the migration rate of PC14-Ctrl cells was (37.5±4.1)%, and the migration rate of PC14-C3 cells was (60.4±2.9)%, and the difference was statistically significant ( t = 7.86, P < 0.01). The relative expressions of EMT promoting molecules KLF5 and N-cad mRNA in PC14-C3 cells were higher than those in PC14-Ctrl cells, while the relative expression of EMT inhibiting molecule E-Cad mRNA was lower than that in PC14-Ctrl cells, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). On the 26th day of tumor loading, the tumor volume of nude mice in PC14-C3 group was (610±10) mm 3, while that of PC14-Ctrl group was (321±30) mm 3; the body mass of nude mice in PC14-C3 group was lower than that in PC14-Ctrl group [(21.6±0.6) g vs. (23.2±0.6) g], and the differences were statistically significant (both P < 0.05). At the end of the experiment, 5 nude mice died and 1 survived in the PC14-C3 group; 1 nude mouse died and 5 survived in the PC14-Ctrl group. The relative expressions of KLF5 and N-cad mRNA in the tumor tissues of nude mice in PC14-C3 group were higher than those in PC14-Ctrl group, while the relative expression of E-Cad mRNA was lower than that in PC14-Ctrl group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Conclusions:Lung adenocarcinoma patients with brain metastases have high levels of complement C3 in their serums and primary lesions. Complement C3 may induce EMT and promote the occurrence of lung adenocarcinoma brain metastases by affecting the expressions of KLF5, N-cad and E-cad.

"The Expert Group on Tumor Ablation Therapy of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, The Tumor Ablation Committee of Chinese College of Interventionalists, The Society of Tumor Ablation Therapy of Chinese Anti-Cancer Association and The Ablation Expert Committee of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology" have organized multidisciplinary experts to formulate the consensus for thermal ablation of pulmonary subsolid nodules or ground-glass nodule (GGN). The expert consensus reviews current literatures and provides clinical practices for thermal ablation of GGN. The main contents include: (1) clinical evaluation of GGN, (2) procedures, indications, contraindications, outcomes evaluation and related complications of thermal ablation for GGN and (3) future development directions.
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Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of Metformin (Met) combined with irradiation in CT26WT cell lines or mouse models with transplanted tumors.Methods CT26WT cell line was treated with 0.5 μmol/L,1.0 μmol/L,5.0 μmol/L and 10.0 μmol/L Met,and CellTiter Glo kit was used to detect the inhibitory effect of Met at different concentrations on the viability of CT26WT cells.CT26WT cell line was treated with the control,Met (10 pmol/L),15 Gy irradiation and 15 Gy irradiation+Met (10 μmol/L).Clone formation assay was employed to detect the cell proliferation activity.Bablc mouse models of transplanted tumors (tumor size＞ 150 mm3) were established and randomly divided into the control,15 Gy irradiation,Met and 15Gy irradiation+Met groups.Mice were given with 750 mg/kg Met at 24 h before irradiation.Transplanted tumor volume was measured regularly to delineate the growth curve of transplanted tumors and survival curve.The expression levels of P-H2AX and Sting proteins in CT26WT cells and transplanted tumors were detected by Western blot.The infiltration of CD8a (+) T cells in transplanted tumor tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results The relative cell survival rate was 100％,87.9％,87.8％,87.3％ and 76.5％ in the 0,0.5,1.0,5.0 and 10.0μmol/L Met groups,respectively (all P＜0.05).The inhibitory effect of 10.0 μmol/L was significantly stronger than that of 5.0 μmol/L (P＜0.001).The colone formation rate 34.0％,24.0％,22.3％ and 14.0％ in the control,Met,15 Gy irradiation,Met+ 15Gy irradiation groups,respectively (all P＜0.001).Western blot showed that compared with the control group,the expression of Sting protein was increased by 2.99-fold after Met treatment (P＜0.001),and increased by 1.37-fold and 4.41-fold in the 15 Gy irradiation and 15Gy irradiation+Met groups (both P＜0.01).Compared with the 15 Gy irradiation group,the expression of P-H2AX protein was significantly increased by 1.43 times after treatment with 15Gy+Met (P＜0.001).The transplanted tumor growth curve showed that the transplanted tumor growth in the 15 Gy+Met group was slower than that in the control group[(1007.0± 388.5) mm3 vs.(2639.0± 242.9) mm3,P＜ 0.05)].The overall survival time in the 15 Gy irradiation+Met group was 48 d,significantly longer than 32 d in the control group (P＜0.001).Compared with the control group,the expression of P-H2AX and Sting proteins in the 15 Gy+ Met group was increased by 8.8-fold and 1.6-fold (both P＜0.001).Immunohistochemical staining showed that the infiltration of CD8a (+) T cells in the 15 Gy irradiation+Met group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P＜0.01).Conclusions Met combined with radiotherapy can inhibit the proliferation and clone formation of colon cancer cells,probably by aggravating DNA damage and activating the Sting signaling pathway,eventually leading to the increase of CD8a (+) T cells in tumor tissues and enhancing the killing effect upon transplanted tumor cells.

Objective: To evaluate the non-carcinogenic health risk of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn) in residential indoor dust for young children around an e-waste dismantling area in South China. Methods: A village around an e-waste dismantling area in South China was selected as a research site in October 2016. Convenience sampling method was used to select 36 houses in the village and 36 dust samples were collected by vacuum cleaner. The concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn) in each sample were determined and expressed by the average value. Non-carcinogenic health risk assessment was conducted using the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Health Risk Assessment (HRA) model, the American Toxicology and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Target-organ Toxicity Dose (TTD) approach and the ATSDR Binary Weight-of-Evidence (BINWOE) model. Results: The mean ± SD of concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn were (48.90±33.91), (5.95±3.89), (173.57±580.37), (412.71±1 190.00), (612.82±540.70), (297.41±293.22) and (1 052.81±1 156.48) mg/kg, respectively. The HI value of TTD (2.670) and BINWOE (2.933) were higher than the safety threshold of EPA recommended non-carcinogenic health risk. The HI value of TTD and BINWOE were 1.93 and 2.12 times higher than the HI value of HRA (1.386). Conclusion There was non-carcinogenic health risk of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn) via residential indoor dust around the e-waste dismantling area for local children.

Objective: To explore the molecular mechanism of miR-17-5p regulating the proliferation and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by regulating the expression of breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 like (BRMS1-like or BRMS1L) gene. Methods:A total of 40 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and corresponding paracancerous tissues resected from nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients, who were admitted to the General Hospital of Pingdingshan Shenma Medical Group during January 2014 to December 2017, were included in this study; in addition, nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines CNE 2, HONE 1, C666-1 and nasopharyngeal immortalized epithelial cell line NP69 were also collected for this study. The expression of miR-17-5p in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and cell lines was detected by qPCR. The targeted relationship between BRMS1L and miR-17-5p was predicted by the StarBase and verified by the Dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Effects of transfection of miR-17-5p mimics and inhibitors on the expression of BRMS1Lin CNE2 cells were detected by WB assay. CCK-8, Transwell and Flow cytometry were used to detect the effects of miR-17-5p/BRMS1L axis on the proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of CNE 2 cells. Results: miR-17-5p was highly expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and cell lines (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Knockdown of miR-17-5p significantly inhibited proliferation, invasion and migration of CNE2 cells but promoted apoptosis (P<0.05 or P<0.01); miR-17-5p targeted BRMS1Land down-regulated its expression. Over-expression of BRMS1Lsignificantly inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of CNE2 cells but promoted apoptosis (all P<0.01); while simultaneous over-expression of miR-17-5p and BRMS1L reversed the above effects (all P<0.01). Conclusion: miR-17-5p promoted proliferation, invasion, migration and inhibited apoptosis of CNE 2 cells by down-regulating the expression of BRMS1L.

Objective: To analyze the efficacy and safety of cytoreduction surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) in the early stage. Methods: The clinical data, including pathological features, recurrence and survival of 65 PMP patients in the early stage underwent CRS combined with HIPEC in Aerospace Center Hospital from January, 2011 to December, 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: 65 patients with early stage PMP underwent CRS+ HIPEC. Among these patients, 25 were males and 40 were females, and the mean age was 52.5 years. The median peritoneal cancer index was 3 (0-16). The score of completeness of cytoreduction (CC) of 63 patients (96.9%) was 0, and 2 patients (3.1%) was 1. No perioperative death occurred, the incidence of surgical complications above grade 3 was 3.1%. Three patients relapsed during the follow-up period, including 1 patient with low-grade PMP, 1 patient with high-grade PMP, and 1 patient with high-grade PMP accompanied by signet ring cell. The 5-year disease-free survival rate of the whole group was 92.4%. Conclusions PMP patients in the early stage treated by CRS combined with HIPEC can achieve benefit and safety. A close long-term follow-up is necessary.

Objective To analyze the efficacy and safety of cytoreduction surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy ( HIPEC) for pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) in the early stage. Methods The clinical data, including pathological features, recurrence and survival of 65 PMP patients in the early stage underwent CRS combined with HIPEC in Aerospace Center Hospital from January, 2011 to December, 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Results 65 patients with early stage PMP underwent CRS+HIPEC. Among these patients, 25 were males and 40 were females, and the mean age was 52.5 years. The median peritoneal cancer index was 3 ( 0?16). The score of completeness of cytoreduction (CC) of 63 patients (96.9%) was 0, and 2 patients (3.1%) was 1. No perioperative death occurred, the incidence of surgical complications above grade 3 was 3.1%. Three patients relapsed during the follow?up period, including 1 patient with low?grade PMP, 1 patient with high?grade PMP, and 1 patient with high?grade PMP accompanied by signet ring cell. The 5?year disease?free survival rate of the whole group was 92.4%. Conclusions PMP patients in the early stage treated by CRS combined with HIPEC can achieve benefit and safety. A close long?term follow?up is necessary.