[Objective]To explore the inheritance status and academic characteristics of SHI's acupuncture and moxibustion school in northern Zhejiang,and to further enrich the connotation of Xiushui medical school.[Methods]Using the method of reviewing and researching the traditional medical history literature and modern literature,the origin,inheritance and academic characteristics of SHI's acupuncture and moxibustion were excavated,analyzed and sorted out.[Results]The culture of traditional Chinese medicine in northern Zhejiang is profound,there are many genres of acupuncture and moxibustion,and many famous doctors and scholars.The more influential schools of acupuncture and moxibustion are LING,SHI,YAN,SHENG and JIN,which have been passed down from generation to generation and innovated repeatedly.As one of the typical representatives,SHI's acupuncture has a long history,active inheritance and rich content.In clinical practice,great importance is attached to the spleen and stomach,and the treatment principle is to strengthen the spleen and benefit the stomach,warm and transport Yang Qi of middle-Jiao,and be good at applying warm acupuncture,so that Qi can be warmed and operated easier,and the acupuncture can be helped to regulate Qi.SHI's acupuncture also pays attention to the combination of acupuncture and moxibustion,and the combination of acupuncture and medicine to improve clinical efficacy.SHI's descendants are constantly innovating while inheriting and keeping the right,so as to enrich the disease spectrum,enrich the treatment methods and improve the clinical efficacy.[Conclusion]In the process of continuous inheritance and innovation,SHI's acupuncture has gradually formed a diagnosis and treatment system with acupuncture characteristics in northern Zhejiang,which can provide learning and reference for clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy of long-time needle retaining at Baihui (GV 20) on post-stroke cognitive disorder of deficiency and blood stasis. METHODS: A total of 70 patients (3 cases dropping) with post-stroke cognitive disorder of deficiency and blood stasis were randomized into an observation group (34 cases) and a control group (33 cases). Neurological routine treatment and western medicine rehabilitation therapy were given in the control group as the basic treatment, on the basis of the treatment as the control group, long-time needle retaining at Baihui (GV 20) was applied in the observation group. The treatment was given once every other day, 3 times a week for a total of 4 weeks. The National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS), mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and deficiency blood stasis syndrome scale score were observed before and after treatment, and the clinical efficacy was compared between the two groups. RESULTS: After 4 weeks of treatment, the NIHSS scores of the two groups were lower than those before treatment (both <0.01), and the MMSE and MoCA scores were higher than those before treatment (<0.05, <0.01), and the scores in the observation group were better than those in the control group (all <0.01). After treatment, the scores of deficiency and blood stasis syndrome were lower than those before treatment (all <0.01). The scores of the shortness of breath, facial color, tongue pulse and dizziness in the observation group were better than those in the control group (all <0.05), there was no significant difference in the degree of spontaneous sweating between the two groups (>0.05). The total effective rate was 94.1% (32/34) in the observation group, which was higher than 75.8% (25/33) in the control group (<0.05). CONCLUSION Long-time needle retaining at Baihui (GV 20) is safe and effective in treating with post-stroke cognitive disorder of deficiency and blood stasis.
Cognition ; Cognition Disorders ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Qi ; Stroke ; complications ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of acupuncture at affected-limb gallbladder meridian points and its effect on the recovery of lower limb function in treating hemiplegia patients with cerebral infarction. Methods Sixty hemiplegia patients with cerebral infarction were randomly allocated to treatment and control groups, 30 cases each. The treatment group received acupuncture at the gallbladder meridian points of the affected-side lower limb as main therapy and the control group, conventional acupuncture. After two courses of treatment, a pre-/post-treatment change in the Lower Extremity Fugl-Meyer Assessment score was observed in the two groups and post-treatment walking paces, pace lengths and incidences of strephenopodia were compared between the two groups.Results There was a statistically significant pre-/post-treatment difference in the Lower Extremity Fugl-Meyer Assessment score in the two groups (P<0.01). There was a statistically significant post-treatment difference in the Lower Extremity Fugl-Meyer Assessment score between the treatment and control groups (P<0.05). There were statistically significant post-treatment differences in walking pace, pace length and the incidence of strephenopodia between the treatment and control groups (P<0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture at affected-limb gallbladder meridian points can improve lower limb function and reduce the incidence of strephenopodia in hemiplegia patients with cerebral infarction.

BACKGROUND:At present, the proteome is a mature technology that has been applied in basic research fields related to liver transplantation. But, it has been not reported in research related to reduced-size liver transplantation.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the expression of differential proteins related to hepatic energy metabolism fol owing reduce-size liver transplantation in rats by using by proteomic technology.
METHODS:The improved model of reduced-size liver transplantation was used in this experiment. The donor was health female Lewis rats and the recipient was male Wistar rats for liver transplantation. The difference between the donor and the recipient was about 20 g. The weight of donor liver/the weight of recipient donor was approximately equal to 50%. The donor liver tissue was harvested and trimmed to the required size. The portal vein and infrahepatic vena cava were cannulated, and the biliary tract was implanted into the donor bile duct for transplantation. Then the donor was transplanted into the recipient after the removal of original liver tissue. Hepatic specimens were harvested by 1, 3 and 7 days after reduced-size liver transplantation. Then, the harvested specimens were compared with the normal donor and recipient liver tissue that were previously harvested and frozen, to generate two-dimensional gel electrophoresis profile using proteome technology. Then tandem mass spectrometry and databases analysis were performed after two-dimensional electrophoresis for identifying differential protein stains.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In this experiment, 72 differential protein stains with over lo-fold changes were selected. After identification, 32 proteins showed clear functions, and among them three differential proteins (ATP synthase beta subunit, electron-transferring flavoprotein beta peptide and proton-transferring ATP synthase) were involved in the process of cel energy metabolism. The proteins were distributed on 1 and 7 days after reduce-size liver transplantation, accounting for 6%.

Objective To discuss the differential expression of hepatic stress proteins after reduced-size liver transplantation in rats.Methods The specimens of liver tissues were procured on 1 d,3 d and 7 d after the improved model of reduced-size liver transplantation in rats.Then,the two-dimensional electrophoresis of these specimens was compared with that of the original liver tissues of normal donors and recipients.The differentially expressed protein spots were selected with the standard of change times greater than 10 or less than 1 /10 and then were analyzed and identified by mass-spectrometric technique and data bases.Results Seventy-two differentially expressed protein spots were found in total.And the 32 kinds of proteins were identified with definite function through mass spectrometry and a series of identifications.The expression difference of heat shock protein-8 and hypertrophy agonist reactive protein was larger,amounting 7% (5 /72)of all differential proteins.Conclusions This study provides fundamental research data for studying the relation between liver ischemia-reperfusion injury after liver transplant and the above differential proteins of stress reaction in transplant liver which are found after reduced-size liver transplantation in rats.

Objective To explore the effect of nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen scaffolds incorporating ADM-PLGA microspheres in repairing large bone defects of rabbit femoral condyle. Methods Animal models of bone defects were induced in 21 New Zealand white rabbits by drilling holes in bilateral femoral lateral condyles , and the rabbits were equally divided into 3 groups:group A as the control group with the defects untreated , group B treated by filling with nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen scaffolds (NHAC), and group C treated by filling with the nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen scaffolds incorporating ADM-PLGA microspheres (ADM-PLGA-NHAC). At week 12 after implanting , the rabbits were all sacrificed for the implanted scaffolds , which were then examined by X-ray , and Micro-CT 3D reconstruction and in histology for evaluation of the new bone formation. Results X-ray, Micro-CT and the measurement and analysis of BMD indicated thatthere was no significant differencein the new bone formation between group B and group C (P > 0.05). The histological examination revealed that. 12 weeks after operation an evident number of new born bones were seen on the implanted scaffolds in groups B and C , while very few were seen scattering in group A. Conclusion The nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen scaffolds incorporating ADM-PLGA microspheres is effective in repairing bone defect without influencing the prosthetic process.

Objective To explore the changes of programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with different baseline of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels after treatment with adefovir dipivoxil (ADV).Methods One hundred CHB patients with positive hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg),1 × 104 copy/mL≤HBV DNA≤1 × 107 copy/mL,and positive human leukocyte antigen-A2 were divided into two groups according to the baseline HBV DNA level:47 cases in low virus load group whose HBV DNA level was ≤1 × 105 copy/mL; 53 cases in high virus load group whose HBV DNA level was＞1 × 105 copy/mL.Both groups were treated with ADV 10 mg/d.Serum HBV DNA,HBeAg seroconversion rate,alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total bilirubin (TBil) levels of both groups before treatment and 12 months after treatment were compared.Flow cytometry was used to test peripheral blood HBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) surface PD-1 and peripheral blood HBV-specific CTL level.Categorical data were tested by x2 test; quantitative data was compared with t-test.Results Peripheral blood HBV-specific CTL surface PD-1 of CHB patients in low virus load group was 20.17 ％±1.69％,which was lower than that in high virus load group (41.38％±2.30％,t =53.02,P＜0.01) ; peripheral blood HBV specific CTL levels in two groups were 0.37％±0.02％ and 0.17％± 0.02％,respectively (t=50.47,P＜0.01) ; ALT and TBil levels in low virus load group were both lower than those of high virus load group (t=13.07,P＜0.01; t=5.06,P＜0.01).Twelve months after treatment,HBV DNA of 25 cases (53.2％) in low virus load group and 10 cases (18.9％) in high virus load group were lower than the detectable level (HBV DNA＜500 copy/mL,x2 =12.89,P＜0.01);HBeAg seroconversion was achieved in 15 cases(31.9％) and 1 case (1.9％),respectively (x2 =16.72,P＜0.01) ; peripheral blood HBV-specific CTL surface PD-1 expression levels were 9.00 ％ ±1.38 ％ and 29.40 ％ ± 3.76 ％,respectively (t =36.80,P＜ 0.01) ; peripheral blood HBV-specific CTL levels were 0.65％±0.10％ and0.48％±0.07％,respectively (t=9.61,P＜0.01).Conclusions After treatment with ADV,along with the decrease of HBV DNA load,HBV-specific CTL surface PD-1 expression decreases,while HBV-specific CTL level increases.The changes in low virus load group are much more remarkable.

BACKGROUND:Interleukin-6 is an important cytokine in the immune inflammatory response, strongly links with graft rejection reaction, and plays an important role in diagnosis of graft rejection and evaluation of anti-rejection. OBJECTIVE:To measure the expression of interleukin-6 in acute rejection of the liver transplantation in the rhesus monkey, and to evaluate the value as an early diagnosis of acute rejection after liver transplantation. METHODS:A total of 16 rhesus monkeys were used as the object and randomly divided into experimental group (no treated by immunosuppressant in perioperative period), and control group (treated by immunosuppressant in perioperative period). The al ograft orthotopic liver transplantation models were established in those monkeys. Then serum and liver tissue were col ected at 6, 12, 24, and 72 hours after surgery. Al ograft rejection was monitored by liver function tests, and hematoxylin-eosin staining of liver and Banff score. Final y, the expression levels of interleukin-6 were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Acute graft rejection reaction appeared at 12, 24 and 72 hours after liver transplantation in the experimental group. The expressions of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group at 24 and 72 hours (P<0.05). Histological manifestations were severer and Banff score was higher in the experimental group at 72 hours than in the control group (P<0.05). Interleukin-6 levels were significantly higher in the serum and liver tissue of experimental group than in the control group at 12, 24 and 72 hours after liver transplantation (P<0.05), especial y at 72 hours. Results suggested that interleukin-6 possibly participated in rejection after liver transplantation. The expression of interleukin-6 was probably of significance in the early diagnosis of acute rejection after orthotopic liver transplantation in rhesus monkeys.

BACKGROUND:Tumor necrosis factor-αis an inflammatory cytokine involved in the immune response and increasing graft antigen expression. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship between tumor necrosis factor-αin the liver tissue and acute rejection after liver transplantation in a rhesus monkey. METHODS:Liver transplant models in rhesus monkey were constructed by the improved vascular dual cuff, supporting tube of biliary tract and artery anastomosis method. The successful models were randomly divided into experimental group (no immunosuppressant treatment in perioperative period) and control group (treated by immunosuppressant in perioperative period). Then the blood samples and liver tissue were col ected at 6, 12, 24, and 72 hours after surgery. Al ograft rejections of liver transplantation were monitored by liver function tests, hematoxylin-eosin staining and Banff score. Final y, the expression level of tumor necrosis factor-αwas detected by western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry technique. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The expression of tumor necrosis factor-αin the experimental group and control group began to increase at 6 hours, reached the peak at 12 hours, and then decreased at 24-72 hours. The changes of expression level were the most obvious in the experimental group. At 6, 12, 24 and 72 hours, the expression of tumor necrosis factor-αin the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). This change appeared earlier than pathological changes in the liver and liver function. Variations in the expression of tumor necrosis factor-αafter liver transplantation have important implications for early diagnosis of acute rejection after liver transplantation.

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacies between heat-sensitive moxibustion and warm needling in treating cervical spondylosis of vertebroarterial type.MethodTotally 120 patients with cervical spondylosis of vertebroarterial type were randomized into a heat-sensitive moxibustion group and a warm needling group, 60 in each group. In addition to acupuncture at bilateral Fengchi (GB20), Wangu (GB12), Tianzhu (BL10), Dazhui (GV14) and Baihui (GV20), the heat-sensitive moxibustion group was given mild moxibustion to the heat-sensitive points in cervical and scapular regions, while the warm needling group was given regular moxibustion.ResultGenerally, after 20 treatment sessions, efficacy wasfound in both groups, and there were significant differences in both groups after intervention (P<0.05), while the improvements of integral score, dizziness, cervical and shoulder pain, and the recovery and markedly-effective rate in the heat-sensitive moxibustion group were significantlysuperiorto that in the warm needling group (P<0.05).ConclusionCompared to warm needling treatment, heat-sensitive moxibustion can more significantly improve dizziness and pain in patients with cervical spondylosis of vertebroarterial type, and thus enhance the therapeutic efficacy.