Objective To explore the application value of a special fence in percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage(PTCD)under the guidance of C-arm CT.Methods A total of 43 patients who underwent PTCD were randomly divided into observation group and control group.The intervention operation in the observation group was guided by C-arm CT and located by special fence;in the control group,the intervention operation was only performed under digital subtraction angiography(DSA)fluoroscopy.Respectively,the differences in operation time,number of puncture needles and number of complications between the two groups were compared.Results The operation time,puncture times and complications in the observation group were(39.33±12.96)min,(1.67±0.80)times and 3 cases respectively;in the control group were(86.77±22.70)min,(3.41±1.26)times and 13 cases respectively;There were significant differences between the two groups(P<0.05).Conclusion The application of special fence in PTCD under the guidance of C-arm CT can short the operation time,reduce the number of punctures and reduce complications,which has important clinical application value.

Objective:To study the correlations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) routines and biochemical indexes before ventriculoperitoneal shunt with postoperative intracranial infection in adult patients with hydrocephalus.Methods:A retrospective case-control study was conducted on 347 adult patients who underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt in Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University from January 2016 to December 2021. According to the appearance of postoperative infection or not, these patients were divided into infection group ( n=27) and non-infection group ( n=320). General clinical data and CSF routines and biochemical indexes test results were analyzed and compared between the two groups. The correlations of postoperative intracranial infection with preoperative levels of white blood cells, chlorine, glucose, lactic acids and proteins in the CSF were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression. Results:There was no significant difference in age, gender, or primary diseases between infection group and non-infection group ( P>0.05). As compared with the non-infection group, the infection group had significantly decreased glucose content and significantly increased lactic acid content in the CSF ( P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that glucose content ( OR=21.825, 95%CI: 4.994-95.394, P<0.001) and lactic acid content ( OR=18.430, 95%CI: 6.023-56.391, P<0.001) were independently correlated with infections after ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Risk of patients with glucose content<2.5 to develop intracranial infection after surgery was 21.825 times that of patients with preoperative glucose content≥2.5 mmol/L. Risk of patients with lactic acid content>2.5 mmol/L to develop intracranial infection after surgery was 18.430 times that of patients with preoperative lactic acid content≤2.5 mmol/L. Conclusion:For adult hydrocephalus patients without intracranial infection but only with abnormal CSF (glucose content<2.5 mmol/L or lactic acid content>2.5 mmol/L), ventriculoperitoneal shunt should only be performed after further improvement of CSF indexes to avoid increasing postoperative infection.

There remains a significant gap in our quantitative understanding of crosstalk between apoptosis and necroptosis pathways. By employing the SWATH-MS technique, we quantified absolute amounts of up to thousands of proteins in dynamic assembling/de-assembling of TNF signaling complexes. Combining SWATH-MS-based network modeling and experimental validation, we found that when RIP1 level is below ~1000 molecules/cell (mpc), the cell solely undergoes TRADD-dependent apoptosis. When RIP1 is above ~1000 mpc, pro-caspase-8 and RIP3 are recruited to necrosome respectively with linear and nonlinear dependence on RIP1 amount, which well explains the co-occurrence of apoptosis and necroptosis and the paradoxical observations that RIP1 is required for necroptosis but its increase down-regulates necroptosis. Higher amount of RIP1 (>~46,000 mpc) suppresses apoptosis, leading to necroptosis alone. The relation between RIP1 level and occurrence of necroptosis or total cell death is biphasic. Our study provides a resource for encoding the complexity of TNF signaling and a quantitative picture how distinct dynamic interplay among proteins function as basis sets in signaling complexes, enabling RIP1 to play diverse roles in governing cell fate decisions.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Caspase 8/metabolism* ; GTPase-Activating Proteins/metabolism* ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Necroptosis ; Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism*

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a neuroimaging technique which provides exquisite details on tissue microstructure. DTI also plays an important role in 3D reconstruction and visualization of white matter tracts and providing information about the relationship between these tracts and the tumor mass. DTI can not only guide neurosurgeons to optimize the actual surgical procedures and avoid injures to intact, functioning tracts, but also can improve the total rate resection of tumor. At the same time, it can also assist in preoperative risk assessment and postoperative functional assessment. This review is classified by different tractographies involved in brain tumors; it summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of DTI in the last decade. Therefore, this review provides new research methods and evidence for the future complex intracranial tumor treatment.

Objective:To observe the clinical characteristics of pressure regulation frequency of shunt pump in patients with hydrocephalus after ventriculoperitoneal shunt, and explore the correlation between frequencies of shunt pump and prognoses of these patients.Methods:One hundred and one patients underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt in our hospital from January 2018 to December 2018 were selected. According to the frequencies of postoperative pressure regulation of these patients, they were divided into non-pressure regulation group, low-frequency pressure regulation group (1-2 times) and high-frequency pressure regulation group (2 times or more). The relations of high-pressure hydrocephalus/normal pressure hydrocephalus with pressure regulation frequency, and relation between causes of pressure regulation and pressure regulation frequency were compared, and the prognoses of patients with different pressure regulation frequencies were analyzed.Results:Among the 101 patients with implanted adjustable pressure shunt, 34 had no pressure regulation after surgery, 52 had low-frequency pressure regulation, and 15 had high-frequency pressure regulation. The percentages of patients accepted low-frequency pressure regulation and high-frequency pressure regulation in patients with high-pressure hydrocephalus were significantly higher than those with normal pressure hydrocephalus ( P<0.05). The proportions of patients with insufficient shunt, excessive shunt or magnetic field interference in the low-frequency pressure regulation group were significantly higher than those in the high-frequency pressure regulation group ( P<0.05), while the proportions of patients with abnormal shunt (stagger of insufficient shunt, excessive shunt) in the low-frequency pressure regulation group were significantly lower than those in the high-frequency pressure regulation group ( P<0.05). There were 7 patients with poor curative effect, including 4 patients from the low-frequency pressure regulation group and 3 from the high-frequency pressure regulation group. The prognoses of patients with different pressure regulation frequencies were statistically different( P<0.05), the good prognosis rate of patients in the non-pressure regulation group, low-frequency pressure regulation group and high-frequency pressure regulation group decreased successively. Conclusion:About 66.3% patients need pressure regulation treatment again after hydrocephalus-ventriculoperitoneal shunt; the rate of poor efficacy in patients accepted high-frequency pressure regulation is obviously higher than that in patients accepted low-frequency pressure regulation, which needs clinical attention.

Objective To observe the trend of temperature changes after ventriculoperitoneal shunt and its relation with postoperative infection.Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 272 patients underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt in our hospital from January 2015 to December 2018.Patients were divided into infected group and non-infected group according to whether intracranial infection occurred after surgery.According to the occurring time of postoperative intracranial infection,patients were divided into early infection group and delayed infection group.Temperature levels of all patients were monitored on the surgery day,and on the first,yd,5th and 7th d of surgery,and the temperature changes and fever rate of the two groups were compared.Results Among 272 patients,intracranial infection occurred in 25 (9.19％),including 21 with early infection and 4 with delayed infection,and un-infection in 247 (90.81％).As compared with those in the non-infected group,the fever rate and body temperature of the infected group were significantly higher on the 3rd,5th and 7th d after surgery (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in fever rate and body temperature changes between the early infection group and the delayed infection group on the surgery day and on the first,3rd,5th and 7th d of surgery (P＞0.05).Conclusions The fever rate is higher and the body temperature decreases faster after ventriculoperitoneal shunt.The fever since the third d of surgery is closely related to postoperative intracranial infection,which has a certain predictive significance for postoperative infection,so we should consider anti-infection treatment in time.

Objective To investigate the effects of long non-coding RNA (SNHG1) on the autophagy and growth of human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y and their specific mechanism using a cell model of Parkinson's disease.Methods (1) After SH-SY5Y cells were cultured in vitro,the expression levels of autophagy-related proteins LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ and p62 were detected by Western Blotting at different time points and subjected to treatment with different dosages of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridine (MPP+).The survival rate of SH-SY5Y was detected by MTT assay.(2) The expression of SNHG1 was detected by real-time quantitative PCR after SH-SY5Y treated with different concentrations of MPP+ for different time durations.(3) The expression of endogenous SNHG1 in SHSY5Y was down-regulated by specific siRNA;the expression levels ofautophagy-related proteins LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ and p62 were detected by Western Blotting after MPP+ treatment while the survival rate of SH-SY5Y was detected by MTT.Moreover,SH-SY5Y cells were treated with autophagy late inhibitor bafilomycin A1 (BafA1) and autophagy inducer to further clarify the role of SNHG1.(4) The expression of p27 was detected by Western blotting after treated with different concentrations of MPP+ for different time durations.In addition,after the expression of SNHG1 in SHSY5Y was down-regulated,the expression of p27 was detected by Western blotting.Results (1) The expression of LC3-Ⅱ in SH-SY5Y was significantly increased in a dose-and time-dependent manner and the expression of p62 was significantly decreased (P＜0.05).MTT results showed that MPP+ (2.5 mmol/L) significantly reduced the survival rate of SH-SY5Y (P＜0.05).(2) Compared with the control group,the expression of SNHG1 was significantly increased in SH-SY5Y cells treated with MPP+ in a dose-and time-dependent manner (P＜0.5).(3) When SNHG1 down-regulated,the expression of LC3-Ⅱ induced by MPP+ was inhibited while the expression of p62 increased (P＜0.05).In addition,when treated with Baf A 1 at the same time,the expression of LC3-Ⅱ was increased,suggesting that SNHG1 might mainly affect the autophagosome formation of SH-SY5Y.The survival rate of SH-SY5Y cells was significantly increased after SNHG1 was down-regulated,and the cell viability was further inhibited by SH-SY5Y treated with rapamycin,suggesting that SNHG1 inhibited the growth of SH-SY5Y cells through promoting the autophagy formation.(4) The expression of p27 was significantly increased in SH-SY5Y cells treated with MPP+ in a dose-and time-dependent manner (P＜0.05).Down-regulation of SNHG1 expression inhibited the expression of p27,suggesting that SNHG1 might promote the autophagy and growth of SH-SY5Y cells through the p27 signal pathway.Conclusions SNHG1 can induce the autophagy of SH-SY5Y cells and promote death of the cells,which may be related to the regulation of p27 expression.

Objective To investigate the displacement characteristics of intraoperative and postoperative positions of electrodes on CT imaging for bilateral subthalamic nucleus-deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) in Parkinson's disease (PD).Methods A retrospective analysis on preoperative MR imaging,intraoperative and postoperative CT images of 35 patients with PD treated with STN-DBS in our hospital from January 2014 to June 2018 was performed.A three-dimensional coordinate system was established based on preoperative MR imaging.MR imaging/CT fusion technique was used to fuse intraoperative and postoperative CT images with preoperative MR imaging to locate intraoperative and postoperative electrode positions.The displacement characteristics of intraoperative and postoperative electrodes were analyzed.Results The spatial distance between intraoperative and postoperative positions of bilateral electrodes was about 1 mm,and the depth displacement was minimal.The postoperative position of the first side electrode on lateral axis was shifted outwardly from intraopemtive position,and the second side electrode was shifted internally with a small degree;on anterior-posterior axis,the first side electrode obviously shifted backward,and the second side electrode slightly shifted backward.For bilateral electrodes,corresponding coordinate deviation of three axis between intraoperative electrode-preoperative target and postoperative electrode-preoperative target,showed a significant positive linear correlation,therefore,leading out the coordinate deviation regression function model.Conclusions The displacement of electrodes between intraoperative and postoperative positions has obvious rules after STN-DBS in PD,which can guide the adjustment of intraoperative electrode position and predict the postoperative position of electrode.

's acupuncture school in Gansu,represented byand,is of great influence in China.'s acupuncture school originated from(Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor) and(Classic of Questioning),and shaped aroundDynasty andDynasty. Professorhas formed a unique "'s acupuncture" diagnosis and treatment system by inheritance and innovation. He clinically paid attention to basic training,obtainingand keeping spirit,as well as syndrome differentiation,reinforcing and reducing. Also,he took the priority the pressing hand with bilaterally needle manipulation. Besides,he thought important simplicity,innovation and acupoints selecting according to time. We inherited's acupuncture from his family,teachers'techniques,international communication,college and university education and scientific research. In this article we prescribe the development,the inheritance and the protection measures of's acupuncture school in terms of its origination,academic thought,and inheritance research,etc.,so as to provide references for further study and inheritance.

Objective To investigate the role of micro RNA-124 (miR-124) in regulating activation of microglias and secretion of pro-inflammation cytokines and its potential mechanism.Methods (1) BV-2 cells were exposed to different concentration oflipopolysaccharide (LPS) for different durations;relative expression level of miR-124 was detected by real time-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR).(2) The BV-2 cells were divided into four groups:PBS group,LPS group,LPS+ctrl-simulant group and LPS+miR-124 simulant group.Protein and mRNA expressions of inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α and interleukin [IL] 1-β) were evaluated by RT-qPCR and ELISA.Expressions of p38α,phosphorylated (p)-p38α,ERK and p-ERK were detected by Western blotting.(3) Besides the above groups,four groups were added:LPS+VX702 group,LPS+miR-124 inhibitor group,LPS+VX702+miR-124 simulant group and LPS+VX702+miR-124 inhibitor group;pretreatment with p38α specific inhibitor VX702 was given to the BV-2 cells,the latter two groups were given miR-124 simulant or miR-124 inhibitor,and LPS was used to activate the cells;the expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β were evaluated by ELISA.Results (1) As compared with control group,miR-124 was significantly down-regulated in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells (P＜0.05),in a dose-and time-dependent manner.(2) As compared with cells in the LPS+ctrl-simulant group,cells in the LPS+miR-124 simulant group had significantly decreased TNF-α and IL-lβ mRNA and protein expressions,and p38α and p-p38α levels (P＜0.05);the ERK and p-ERK levels showed no significant difference between the two groups (P＞0.05).(3) The TNF-α and IL-1β levels between LPS+VX702 group and LPS+VX702+miR-124 simulant group were not significantly different (P＞0.05);those between the LPS+VX702+miR-124 inhibitor group and the LPS+VX702 group were not significantly different (P＞0.05).Conclusion The miR-124 is down-regulated in LPS-activated BV-2 cells and miR-124 could suppress the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators by targeting to p38α.