ObjectiveTo explore the listed varieties and prescription characteristics of Chinese patent medicines for stroke in China， explore the medication rules of Chinese medicine for stroke， and provide guidance for further clinical research and development of Chinese patent medicines. MethodsExcel 2021 and the Ancient and Modern Medical Record Cloud Platform （V2.3.5） were used to systematically mine and analyze the varieties and prescriptions of Chinese patent medicines for stroke in China. ResultsA total of 244 Chinese patent medicines （two for different dosage forms of the same prescription）， 1 736 approval documents for Chinese patent medicines， 792 manufacturers， and 83 varieties of protected Chinese patent medicines were finally included in the database. The top three dosage forms were capsules （75）， pills （53）， and tablets （42）. There were 28 Chinese patent medicines for stroke in the National Essential Drug Catalogue （2018）， 129 in the National Essential Medical Insurance， Industrial Injury Insurance and Maternity Insurance Drug Catalogue （2023）， and 4 in the National Non-prescription Drug Catalogue. Among the 138 prescriptions screened out， Chinese patent medicines mainly treated stroke patients with the syndrome of Qi deficiency and blood stasis. The top three most frequent medicinal herbs were Chuanxiong Rhizoma （63）， Pheretima （47）， and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma （47）. The medicinal herbs used were mainly warm， pungent， with the meridian tropism to the liver meridian. The correlation analysis showed that the herb pair with the highest support was Astragali Radix-Chuanxiong Rhizoma， and that with the highest confidence was Carthami Flos-Chuanxiong Rhizoma. Five herb combinations were identified based on the cluster analysis. ConclusionThe Chinese patent medicines for stroke mainly treat patients with the syndrome of Qi deficiency and blood stasis. The medicinal herbs used in the prescriptions mainly have the functions of activating blood and resolving stasis， extinguishing wind and stopping convulsions. Drug compatibility usually focuses on activating blood and resolving stasis， as well as expelling phlegm and opening orifices. This review of the varieties and prescription characteristics of Chinese patent medicines for stroke helps optimize clinical decision-making， guide drug research and development， promote medical research and scientific progress， and provide more effective support and guarantee for the treatment of stroke patients.

Background The compound 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonic acids (6:2 Cl-PFESA) has been demonstrated abilities of strong bioaccumulation and placental barrier penetration, and it can also cross the blood-brain barrier. However, the mechanism of its neurodevelopmental toxicity in offspring induced by early-life exposure is still unknown. Objective To explore effects of 6:2 Cl-PFESA on the growth and the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic (AMPA) receptor gene expression in the hippocampus of offspring mice by establishing a 6:2 Cl-PFESA exposure animal model. Methods Thirty Kunming pregnant mice were randomly divided into five groups: control group, and 2, 10, 50, and 250 μg·L⁻¹ 6:2 Cl-PFESA exposure groups. The treatment groups were exposed to designed doses of 6:2 Cl-PFESA through drinking water from the first day of gestation until the end of lactation. The pups were weaned on postnatal day (PND) 21, and continued to be exposed to 6:2 Cl-PFESA through drinking water. Birth weight and body length of the offspring were recorded. Offspring mice were anesthetized and sacrificed respectively on PND7, PND21, and PND35, then their hippocampus was peeled from harvested brain tissue. The ultrastructure of hippocampus was observed via transmission electron microscopy; and the expression of AMPA receptors GluR1, GluR2, and GluR3 in the hippocampus was evaluated by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The learning and memory ability of the PND35 mice was measured by Morris water maze test before they were sacrificed. Results The birth weights and the lengths of the pups in the 10, 50, and 250 μg·L⁻¹ 6:2 Cl-PFESA exposure groups were (2.23±0.36), (1.92±0.20), (1.88±0.31) g, and (33.73±0.98), (32.91±1.30), (32.52±2.07) mm, respectively, which were lower than those in the control group, (2.78±0.35) g and (36.46±2.34) mm (P<0.05), respectively. The results of Morris water maze showed that the escape latencies in the orientation navigation experiment on the 4th day in the 250 μg·L⁻¹ 6:2 Cl-PFESA exposure group and on the 5th day in the 10, 50, and 250 μg·L⁻¹ 6:2 Cl-PFESA exposure groups were longer than those in the control group (P<0.05). In the space exploration experiment, the times of crossing platform in the 50 and 250 μg·L⁻¹ 6:2 Cl-PFESA exposure groups were decreased when compared with the control group (P<0.05), and the time of staying in the target quadrant of the 250 μg·L⁻¹ 6:2 Cl-PFESA exposure groups were also decreased (P<0.05). Via transmission electron microscopy, compared with the control group, the postsynaptic density was decreased and the synaptic cleft width was widened on PND35 in the 250 μg·L⁻¹ 6:2 Cl-PFESA exposure group. The mRNA expression levels of GluR1, GluR2, and GluR3 in the hippocampus of pups exposed to 250 μg·L⁻¹ 6:2 Cl-PFESA during different developmental stages were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Except for the 2 μg·L⁻¹ 6:2 Cl-PFESA exposure group on PND7, the 6:2 Cl-PFESA exposure inhibited the mRNA expression levels of GluR1, GluR2, and GluR3 in the hippocampus of pups at different developmental stages (P<0.05). Among them, the 6:2 Cl-PFESA exposure during early development resulted in the highest decrease in the expression levels of GluR1 and GluR2 mRNA in the hippocampus of pups on PND7; GluR3 mRNA expression level in the hippocampus of the exposed pups on PND21 showed the maximum inhibitory effect; the expression levels of GluR1, GluR2, and GluR3 mRNA all showed the least decrease in the hippocampus of the exposure groups on PND35. Conclusion Early-life exposure to 6:2 Cl-PFESA may affect the growth and development of offspring mice, alter the hippocampal synaptic structure, and influence the learning and memory abilities, which may be related to their inhibitory effects on the expression levels of AMPA receptor subunits GluR1, GluR2, and GluR3 genes in the hippocampus of offspring mice at various developmental stages.

Background With the events reporting on odors in drinking water, odorous substances in water have become a hot topic in water quality analysis. Due to the low concentration of the odor threshold and the complexity of the odor components in water, it is difficult to make accurate qualitative and quantitative analysis. So it is necessary to develop a highly sensitive and accurate qualitative and quantitative analysis method. Objective To establish a method for simultaneous determination of four odorous substances, including dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, 2-methylisoborneol, and geosmin in water by purge and trap-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Methods A certain amount of water sample was stored in the sample vial of a purge and trapinstrument. Through nitrogen purging, the odorous substances in water were purged out and enriched in the trap. Subsequently, the odorous substances were rapidly released at high temperatures after heating the trap, and then carried by carrier gas into gas chromatograph. After temperature programming, the substances were separated by an Agilent DB-624 capillary chromatographic column (30 m×0.25 mm, 1.4 μm) and determined by tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring modes, with internal standard method for quantification. The current project optimized purge time, sodium chloride concentration in water sample, desorption temperature, desorption time, and split ratio during the experimental process. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the standard curve, detection limit, and quantification limit were validated. Recovery tests with spiking concentrations of 5.0, 10.0, 30.0, 80.0 ng·L⁻¹ and precision tests were conducted on water samples. Finally, the established method was applied to detect odorous substances in source water, finished water, and pipeline water in Deqing County of Huzhou City. Result After the optimization, the purge time was 20 min, the desorption temperature was 280 ℃, the desorption time was 2 min, the split ratio was 10∶1, and no sodium chloride was added during the purge process. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the calibration curves for the four odorous substances showed an excellent linearity in the range of 1 to 100 ng·L⁻¹ (R>0.999), with 0.3 ng·L⁻¹ limit of detection and 1.0 ng·L⁻¹ limit of quantitation. The average recoveries were from 85.5% to 102.4% and relative standard deviations (RSD) from 1.6% to 5.2%. After applying this method to detect local source water, finished water, and pipeline water, it was found that the positive rates of 2-methylisoborneo, and geosmin were relatively high, while the positive rates of dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide were relatively low. Only one sample of source water tested positive for dimethyl disulfide, and all samples were negative for dimethyl trisulfide. Conclusion Combined with the superiority of purge and trap and tandem mass spectrometry, the method has the advantages of easy to perform, strong anti-interference ability, good accuracy and precision, which meet the limit requirements of the four odorous substances in the expanded indices and reference indices of Hygienic standards for drinking water (GB 5749-2022). It also provides technical support for water quality assessment and analysis of odorous substances.

Objective:To investigate the similarities and differences of Doppler echocardiographic parameters in healthy adults among Chinese (EMINCA study), Japanese (JAMP study) and Europeans (NORRE study).Methods:Based on the published Doppler echocardiographic data of JAMP and NORRE studies, the corresponding Doppler parameters were selected from the original database of EMINCA study and stratified by sex and age groups accordingly. Independent-samples t-test, summary t-test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to test the differences between groups. Results:①Common Doppler parameters in three studies included: peak velocities of early diastolic (E) and late diastolic waves (A) of mitral valve inflow, E/A ratio, deceleration time (DT) of E wave, tissue velocities of early diastole (e′ ) and late diastole (a′ ) at both septal and lateral sites of the mitral annulus and the average value of e′ at both sites (average-e′), ratios of E to septal e′ (septal-E/e′), E to lateral e′ (lateral-E/e′), and E to average e′ (average-E/e′). ②Differences between genders: There existed significant gender differences for 5/10 of parameters in EMINCA study, 8/10 in JAMP study and 3/12 in NORRE study (all P<0.05). ③Stratification by sex and age groups: Except for DT for men in EMINCA study, significant differences were found in all 12 Doppler parameters both for men and women in all three studies (all P<0.05). ④Comparison between EMINCA and JAMP studies: There were statistically significant differences in 8/10 and 9/10 of parameters for men and women, respectively (all P<0.05). ⑤Comparison between EMINCA and NORRE studies: 7/12 of parameters both in men and women were significantly different between the two studies (all P<0.05). ⑥For the three studies, 6/10 of parameters both in men and women correlated positively with age ( r=0.12-0.66, all P<0.001), while 4/10 correlated negatively with age ( r=-0.27--0.72, all P<0.001). Conclusions:Doppler echocardiographic measurements in healthy adults are significantly different with genders, ages and races/nationalities. Therefore, gender, age and race/nationality-specific reference values of Doppler echocardiography parameters should be encouraged in clinical practice.

Objective: To study the buccolingual inclination of posterior premolars and molars and the curve of Wilson in patients with different sagittal skeletal patterns, to explore the compensation mechanism of horizontal inclination of posterior teeth in patients with different sagittal skeletal patterns and to provide a reference for the control of posterior tooth inclination in the treatment of bone malocclusion. Methods: This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee, and informed consent was obtained from the patients. Ninety CBCT scans of adults and ninety scans of adolescents before orthodontic treatment were evaluated in this cross-sectional study. There were 30 skeletal Class I, Class Ⅱ, and Class Ⅲ patients in the adult group and adolescent group. The inclination angles of posterior teeth and the curve of Wilson of first and second molars were measured, and data were analyzed between adolescents and adults with different sagittal skeletal patterns. Results : Compared with skeletal Class Ⅰ adult patients, the upper posterior molar inclination of skeletal Class Ⅱ patients was significantly lower, and the lower posterior molar inclination was significantly higher. Compared with skeletal ClassⅠ adult patients, the upper posterior molar inclination of skeletal Class Ⅲ adult patients was higher, and the lower posterior molar inclination was significantly lower. The Wilson curve of the second molar in skeletal Class Ⅱ adult patients was significantly higher than that in the other groups. Compared with skeletal ClassⅠ adolescent patients, skeletal Class Ⅲ adolescent patients had a significantly higher upper posterior molar inclination; however, no difference was found between the inclination of the posterior teeth between skeletal Class Ⅰ, Class Ⅱ and Class Ⅲ adolescent patients. Comparing adolescent and adult samples, in skeletal Class Ⅱ patients, adults showed more lingual inclination than adolescents in the upper posterior teeth and less lingual inclination in the lower posterior teeth except for the mandibular first molar. Comparing adolescent and adult samples, in skeletal Class Ⅲ patients, adults showed more lingual inclination than adolescents in the lower posterior teeth except for the mandibular second molars and showed no difference in the upper posterior teeth. Conclusions The inclination of the posterior teeth and the curve of Wilson show significant differences between the three sagittal skeletal patterns. Compared with those of skeletal Class Ⅰ patients, the posterior teeth of skeletal Class Ⅱ patients show more lingual inclination in the upper arch and less lingual inclination in the lower arch. Meanwhile, posterior teeth of skeletal Class Ⅲ patients show more lingual inclination in the lower arch and maintain the inclination in the upper arch.

Practice teaching is an important link in the training of public health talents in colleges and universities. At present, there are still some problems in the education of public health and preventive medicine in the colleges and universities in China, such as attaching greater importance to theory than to practice and weak training of practical skills among students. In view of this situation, a public health practice teaching model of "internal-external interactions" has been constructed in Dalian Medical University with focuses on the following aspects: ①experiments in the university are optimized based on social needs; ②the practice base outside the university is expanded based on the teaching in the university; ③"internal-external interactions" are adopted to enhance practice training and improve post competence. The teaching practice shows that the implementation of the teaching model of "internal-external interactions" can help to improve practice teaching ability, promote the improvement in the training quality of public health talents, and meet the social demand for application-oriented professionals.

Objective:To study the influence of serum triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1(TREM-1)level on prognosis in elderly patients with sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).Methods:A total of 100 elderly patients with sepsis were selected as the research objects.All the patients with sepsis were divided into sepsis ARDS group and sepsis non-ARDS group.General data and TREM-1 level were compared between the two groups.The patients with sepsis ARDS were divided into death group and survival group according to the survival status during the 28-day follow-up.TREM-1 level, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation(APACHE)Ⅱ score and SOFA score were compared between the two groups.The correlation between serum TREM-1 level and procalcitonin(PCT), APACHE Ⅱ score and SOFA score was analyzed.The survival rate of high TREM-1 level group and low TREM-1 level group was compared.Results:The age, white blood cell(WBC), PCT, APACHE Ⅱ score, SOFA score and TREM-1 level of sepsis ARDS patients were significantly higher than those of non-ARDS patients( t=2.722, 6.088, 11.55, 6.889, 4.661, 6.122, all P<0.05). The incidence of sepsis ARDS patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was significantly higher than that of non-ARDS patients( χ2=7.895, P<0.05). Serum TREM-1 level, APACHE Ⅱ score and SOFA score of ARDS patients in death group were significantly higher than those in survival group( t=3.293, 6.173, 4.255, all P<0.05). Serum TREM-1 level was positively correlated with PCT, APACHE Ⅱ score and SOFA score( t=0.553, 0.602, 0.636, P<0.001). The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the survival rate of high TREM-1 level group was significantly lower than that of low TREM-1 level group( χ2=3.999, P=0.036). Cox regression analysis showed that TREM-1 level was a risk factor for the prognosis of ARDS patients with sepsis( HR=1.893, 95% CI: 1.049-3.414). Conclusions:Serum TREM-1 level is significantly increased in elderly patients with sepsis ARDS, which is closely related to the prognosis and can be used as a potential prognostic biomarker.

Objective: To examine the prevalence and factors influencing the inconsistency for knowledge and behavior in condom use among college students, so as to provide suggestions for AIDS prevention and education in universities. Methods: From October to December 2019, a multistage cluster sampling method was employed to collect data relating to inconsistency for knowledge and behavior in condom use and other related factors among 1 303 students from six colleges in Zhuhai, China. Chi square test and Logistic regression were performed to analyze the influencing factors and moderating effect. Results: The reporting rate of in consistency of knowledge and behavior in condom use among college students was 41.1%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that seeking sexual partners offline was negatively correlated with inconsistency for knowledge and behavior in condom use ( OR=0.70, 95%CI =0.51-0.95). However, condom nonuse during the first sexual experience (OR=7.11, 95%CI=5.23-9.67), smoking before sex ( OR=1.47, 95%CI =1.07-2.02), drinking before sex ( OR=1.44, 95%CI =1.09-1.91), history of intimate partner violence ( OR=1.53, 95%CI =1.13-2.07), and having multiple sexual partners ( OR=1.69, 95%CI =1.25-2.29) were positively correlated with inconsistency for knowledge and behavior in condom use ( P <0.05). The moderating effect analysis showed that condom use during the first sexual experience had a moderating effect on smoking before sex and inconsistency for knowledge and behavior in condom use ( β=0.92, P <0.05). Among students who did not use condoms during the first sexual experience, a positive correlation was observed between smoking before sex and inconsistency for knowledge and behavior in condom use ( OR= 2.76 , 95%CI=1.09-6.99, P <0.05). However, no correlation was found between smoking before sex and inconsistency for knowledge and behavior in condom use ( OR=1.32, 95%CI=0.92-1.88, P >0.05) among students who used condoms during the first sexual experience. Conclusion High levels of inconsistency for knowledge and behavior in condom use are found among college students in Zhuhai City. Colleges should carry out sex education activities as soon as possible, and explore new health education models to promote the transformation of their knowledge into behavior.

Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (HDP) involves two major public health issues: mother-infant safety and prevention and controlling major chronic disease. HDP poses a serious threat to maternal and neonatal safety, and it is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, as well as an important risk factor for long-term cardiovascular disease (CVD). In order to explore effective strategies to prevent and control the source of CVD and reduce its risk, we have established a cohort of HDPs in Shenzhen for the primordial prevention of CVD. The construction of the HDP cohort has already achieved preliminary progress till now. A total of 2 239 HDP women have been recruited in the HDP cohort. We have established a cohort data management platform and Biobank. The follow-up and assessment of postpartum cardiovascular metabolic risk in this cohort has also been launched. Our efforts will help explore the pathophysiological mechanism of HDP, especially the pathogenesis and precision phenotyping, prediction, and prevention of pre-eclampsia, which, therefore, may reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, and provide a bridge to linking HDP and maternal-neonatal cardiovascular, metabolic risk to promote the cardiovascular health of mothers and their infants.

Objective:To summarize the scope of research on the application of the continuous nursing network platform for premature infants and caregivers discharged from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) , so as to provide reference for future research and practice.Methods:The method of subject words, keywords and Boolean logic was used to retrieve research on the application of NICU's continuous nursing network platform for discharged premature infants and their caregivers in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) , WanFang Data, VIP and China Biomedical Literature Database. The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the database to February 14, 2022.Results:A total of 23 articles were included. The content elements of continuous nursing based on network platform included the professional knowledge and nursing skills guidance, peer support, contact with professionals, information and decision-making support, and psychological support. Application forms included mobile applications, website platforms and online videos. The types of outcome indicators were mainly the effect incaregivers and premature infants, the quality of parent-child interaction, breastfeeding and feasibility evaluation. Nursing had positive effect and feasibility.Conclusions:Continuous nursing based on the network platform has achieved positive effects on NICU discharged premature infants and caregivers, and the combination of multiple elements, personalized customization, and multidisciplinary participation are in line with the needs of caregivers. Future research needs to focus on promoting the family function of premature infants, further develop the content of continuous nursing suitable for each child's development stage, explore a safer network service supervision mode and conduct cost-benefit evaluation.