ObjectiveTo explore the outcomes and surgical experiences of 267 cases of extracardiac conduit total cavopulmonary connection （TCPC） in patients with functional single ventricles. MethodsClinical data were collected from 267 patients who underwent extracardiac conduit TCPC at Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital from October 2004 to August 2021. Among them， 185 were male （69.3%） and 82 were female （30.7%）. The age was 5.71 （4.08-10.90） year， and the weight was 17.5 （14.5-26.2） kg. A median sternotomy approach was used， and the surgery was completed under cardiopulmonary bypass. The preoperative， intraoperative and postoperative follow-up data of the patients were collected， and the survival prognosis and its influencing factors were analyzed. ResultsThe operative time was 330.0 （267.5-405.0） min， the cardiopulmonary bypass time was 124.0 （96.0-163.0） min， and the aortic cross-clamp time was 48.0 （0.0-81.0） min. The duration of mechanical ventilation after surgery was 8.7 （5.0-19.1） h， and the hospital stay was 34.0 （28.0-49.0） d. The follow-up period was 8.0 （4.6-11.0） year， with 8 early deaths （3.0%）， 20 late deaths （7.5%）. The independent risk factors of fatality in patients after extracardiac conduit TCPC included male， heterotaxy syndrome， preoperative pulmonary artery pressure， intraoperative blood loss， the duration of mechanical ventilation， and the 48 h average vasoactive-inotropic score. ConclusionsThe extracardiac conduit TCPC is quite effective in treating patients with functional single ventricle. The early postoperative fatality is low， while the late fatality is relatively high. Therefore， it is necessary to pay close attention to the long-term survival situation of this group of patients. The analysis of risk factors emphasizes the importance of perioperative refined assessment and individualized treatment. It may help further improve the therapeutic outcomes of such surgeries， including selecting appropriate patients， performing careful operations， ensuring meticulous hemostasis， and shortening the duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation.

Objective To investigate the effect of Mysm1 on the differentiation of neural stem cells(NSCs)into astrocytes and the possible mechanism.Methods NSCs were prepared from E12.5 cortices of wild-type C57BL/6 mice,cultured in vitro and induced to differentiate into astrocytes.Immunofluorescence staining,real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot assay were used to detect the expressions of Mysm1 during the differentiation of NSCs into astrocytes in vitro.Lentivirus was used to knock down Mysm1 expressions in NSCs before real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot assay were used to detect the knockdown efficiency.Immunofluorescence staining and Western blot assay were used to compare the differentiation of NSCs into astrocytes before and after Mysm1 knockdown in vitro.Transcriptomics was adopted to detect the differential gene after knockdown of Mysm1 in NSCs in vitro.Western blot assay was used to verify the changes of proteins associated with the differential gene.Cut-Tag was used to detect the enrichment of Mysm1 in the promoter region of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)genes during the differentiation of NSCs into astrocytes in vitro.After overexpression of GFAP following knockdown of Mysm1,immunofluorescence staining and Western blot assay were used to compare the differentiation of NSCs into astrocytes before and after overexpression in vitro.Results The expression of Mysm1 was gradually increased when NSCs were induced to differentiate into astrocytes in vitro.Mysm1 knockdown inhibited the differentiation of NSCs into astrocytes in vitro.Mysm1 affected the differentiation of NSCs into astrocytes by regulating the expression of GFAP.Overexpression of GFAP after Mysm1 knockdown partially rescued the ability of NSCs to differentiate into astrocytes.Conclusion Mysm1 regulates the differentiation of NSCs into astrocytes by epigenetically controlling GFAP transcription.

【Objective】 To investigate and analyze the serological and molecular biological characteristics of B(A) subgroup in a tertiary hospital in Jiaozhou, Qingdao. 【Methods】 From November 2019 to February 2023, the samples of 12 patients were suspected to be AB subgroup by microcolumn glass bead method and saline test tube method. The exons 6 and 7 of ABO gene were further amplified, sequenced and analyzed to determine the ABO allele type. 【Results】 A total of 9 cases of B(A) subgroup were detected in 26 065 patients in Jiaozhou, with a detection rate of 0.345 ‰ ( 9/26 065 ). Among the 9 cases of B(A) subgroup, 8 cases of serological reaction showed AweakB, and the gene detection was heterozygous for BA.04 gene and O gene.One case of serological reaction showed ABweak, and the gene detection was heterozygous for BA.04 gene and A gene. 【Conclusion】 Blood group serological combined with gene detection can accurately identify ABO blood group. B(A) subgroup alleles can exist in individuals with serological reaction of ABweak.

Objective:To understand the epidemiological characteristics and incidence trend of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in China.Methods:The incidence data of SFTS in China from 2018 to 2021 were collected from Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System for a statistical and descriptive epidemiological analysis by using software such as Excel 2016, Joinpoint 5.0.2, SPSS 26.0, and GraphPad Prism 8.0, especially, the SFTS cases reported monthly by key provinces were analyzed.Results:From 2018 to 2021, a total of 8 835 SFTS cases were reported in 25 provinces and the annual incidence showed an upward trend. The distribution of SFTS cases showed clustering, but the cases were mainly sporadic ones. The cases began to increase in March, mainly occurred during April to October (96.79%,8 551/8 835), and peaked during May to July. The cases were mainly distributed in middle-aged and old farmers, and slight more cases were women. The average case fatality rate was 5.38%, which varied greatly with areas. The case fatality rate tended to increase with age.Conclusion:From 2018 to 2021, the epidemiological characteristics of SFTS in China remained stable, but the number of reported cases gradually increased and the distribution showed an expanding trend, to which close attention should be paid.

In recent years,China has made great progress in basic nanomedicine,nanotoxicology and nanobiology research.Nanotechnology has been continuously applied in biomaterial and medical device,more and more medical devices applying nanomaterials are developed and manufactured.In order to gain more comprehension and accurate understanding of the research and industrial development in nanobiomaterial medical devices,this study reviewed the common nanomaterial in medical devices and the regulatory situation of nanomaterial medical devices at home and abroad,and discussed the current challenges in biological evaluation of nanomaterial medical devices,with a view to providing ideas for the safety evaluation and research of related products.

Background::Genetic variants of dopaminergic transcription factor-encoding genes are suggested to be Parkinson’s disease (PD) risk factors; however, no comprehensive analyses of these genes in patients with PD have been undertaken. Therefore, we aimed to genetically analyze 16 dopaminergic transcription factor genes in Chinese patients with PD.Methods::Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed using a Chinese cohort comprising 1917 unrelated patients with familial or sporadic early-onset PD and 1652 controls. Additionally, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed using another Chinese cohort comprising 1962 unrelated patients with sporadic late-onset PD and 1279 controls.Results::We detected 308 rare and 208 rare protein-altering variants in the WES and WGS cohorts, respectively. Gene-based association analyses of rare variants suggested that MSX1 is enriched in sporadic late-onset PD. However, the significance did not pass the Bonferroni correction. Meanwhile, 72 and 1730 common variants were found in the WES and WGS cohorts, respectively. Unfortunately, single-variant logistic association analyses did not identify significant associations between common variants and PD. Conclusions::Variants of 16 typical dopaminergic transcription factors might not be major genetic risk factors for PD in Chinese patients. However, we highlight the complexity of PD and the need for extensive research elucidating its etiology.

Objective:To summarize the single-center experience of serial transverse enteroplasty (STEP) in children with intestinal failure.Methods:The clinical data of 13 children who underwent STEP surgery at our department from Jan 2016 to Dec 2022 was retrospectively analyzed.Results:Eight children were females ,5 were males. There were 10 premature infants and 3 full-term infants. The gestational age was 26 +3-39 +5 weeks, and the birth weight was 860 -3 700 g. The median age of surgery was 12 months, the median length of small intestine was 70 (50-130) cm, the diameter of preoperative intestinal dilation was about 4.5 to 7.5 cm, and the operation interval was 2.5 to 3.0 cm. Continuous transverse enteroenteroplasty resulted in an average increase of 75% (66% to 100%) in the length of the dilated intestinal segment. The total length of the small intestine increases by 16.0% (12.5%-30.0%). After the operation, 12 of the 13 children (92.3%) were removed from parenteral nutrition to achieve intestinal adaptation of the remaining bowel, and the mean time of withdrawal from parenteral nutrition was 138(20-1 011) days after the operation. Intestinal dilatation occurred in 2 patients, and gastrointestinal bleeding occurred in 4 patients, which healed after conservative treatment. Conclusions:STEP operation is suitable for children with short intestinal length and obvious expansion of intestinal tube. STEP can not only reduce the diameter of the enlarged intestine, but also extend the length of the intestine, increase the feeding tolerance, improve the clinical effect of enteral nutrition, and shorten the time for children to achieve intestinal adaptation.

Radix Bupleuri(RB)is commonly used to treat depression,but it can also lead to hepatotoxicity after long-term use.In many anti-depression prescriptions,RB is often used in combination with Radix Paeoniae Alba(RPA)as an herb pair.However,whether RPA can alleviate RB-induced hepatotoxicity remain unclear.In this work,the results confirmed that RB had a dose-dependent antidepressant effect,but the optimal antidepressant dose caused hepatotoxicity.Notably,RPA effectively reversed RB-induced hepatotoxicity.Afterward,the mechanism of RB-induced hepatotoxicity was confirmed.The results showed that saiko-saponin A and saikosaponin D could inhibit GSH synthase(GSS)activity in the liver,and further cause liver injury through oxidative stress and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-KB)/NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3)pathway.Furthermore,the mechanisms by which RPA attenuates RB-induced hepatotoxicity were investigated.The results demonstrated that RPA increased the abundance of intestinal bacteria with glycosidase activity,thereby promoting the conversion of saikosaponins to sai-kogenins in vivo.Different from saikosaponin A and saikosaponin D,which are directly combined with GSS as an inhibitor,their deglycosylation conversion products saikogenin F and saikogenin G exhibited no GSS binding activity.Based on this,RPA can alleviate the inhibitory effect of saikosaponins on GSS activity to reshape the liver redox balance and further reverse the RB-induced liver inflammatory response by the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.In conclusion,the present study suggests that promoting the conversion of saikosa-ponins by modulating gut microbiota to attenuate the inhibition of GSS is the potential mechanism by which RPA prevents RB-induced hepatotoxicity.

Chaigui granules(CG)are a compound composed of six herbal medicines with significant antidepressant effects.However,the antidepressant mechanism of CG remains unclear.In the present study,we attempted to elucidate the antidepressant mechanism of CG by regulating purine metabolism and purinergic signaling.First,the regulatory effect of CG on purine metabolites in the prefrontal cortex(PFC)of chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)rats was analyzed by ultra high-performance liquid chro-matography tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS/MS)targeted quantitative analysis.Meanwhile,purinergic receptors(P2X7 receptor(P2X7R),A1 receptor(A1R)and A2A receptor(A2AR))and signaling pathways(nod-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome pathway and cyclic adenosine mono-phosphate(cAMP)-protein kinase A(PKA)pathway)associated with purine metabolism were analyzed by western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Besides,antidepressant mecha-nism of CG by modulating purine metabolites to activate purinergic receptors and related signaling pathways was dissected by exogenous supplementation of purine metabolites and antagonism of puri-nergic receptors in vitro.An in vivo study showed that the decrease in xanthine and the increase in four purine nucleosides were closely related to the antidepressant effects of CG.Additionally,purinergic re-ceptors(P2X7R,A1R and A2AR)and related signaling pathways(NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and cAMP-PKA pathway)were also significantly regulated by CG.The results of exogenous supplementation of purine metabolites and antagonism of purinergic receptors showed that excessive accumulation of xanthine led to activation of the P2X7R-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway,and the reduction of adenosine and inosine inhibited the A1R-cAMP-PKA pathway,which was significantly ameliorated by CG.Overall,CG could promote neuroprotection and ultimately play an antidepressant role by inhibiting the xanthine-P2X7R-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and activating the adenosine/inosine-A1R-cAMP-PKA pathway.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and hantavirus (HV) specific antibodies among cross-border migrant workers for assessment of the risk of rodents-borne virus infection.Methods:From 2019 to 2020, a survey was conducted on cross border migrant workers engaged in outdoor activities, and serum samples were collected, LCMV specific IgG antibody was detected by an indirect ELISA and Western blot based on recombinant nucleoprotein, and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) based on recombinant expressed glycoprotein. HV IgG antibody in serum was detected by a commercial indirect IgG ELISA kit and IFA based on hantavirus infected Vero cells.Results:A total of 139 cross-border workers, aged 25~57, were surveyed; 64% (89/139) had working experience in multiple countries, involving 26 countries, including 14 countries in Asia and 12 countries in Africa; 11.51% (16/139) of serum samples were tested positive for LCMV antibodies, and the positive samples were verified by Western blot and IFA. The antibody detection rate was slightly higher than the published infection rate from other similar studies. And, HV antibodies were detected from one serum sample (0.72%, 1/139) by ELISA and IFA. However, it was still uncertain when and where the viral infections were acquired.Conclusions:Through this serological cross-sectional preliminary analysis, the infection status and existing risks of LCMV and HV viruses among cross border migrant workers were revealed, which suggested the necessity of strengthening the prevention and control of rodents borne diseases in outdoor engineering sites.