[Objective]To summarize and analyze the research progress of flavonoids in the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications.[Methods]The role of flavonoids in diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications was summarized by searching the databases of Web of Science,PubMed,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,VIP,Wanfang and others for the reports of flavonoids and diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications from January 2013 to December 2022,and the role of flavonoids in diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications was summarized.[Results]Studies have confirmed that flavonoids(herbal flavonoid extracts,naringenin,galangal,kaempferol,etc.)are effective in preventing and treating diabetes and diabetes-induced retinopathy,nephropathy,cardiomyopathy,osteoporosis and diabetic foot.Overall regulation and comprehensive treatment are the characteristics of flavonoid components,which can inhibit inflammation,reduce oxidative stress,repair mitochondrial function,lower blood glucose,relieve insulin resistance and are able to influence the expression of related factors from multiple signaling pathways,thus treating diabetes and its complications.[Conclusion]The elaboration of the pharmacodynamic material basis,mechanism of action and constitutive relationship of Chinese medicine flavonoids against diabetes mellitus and its complications in multiple ways and at multiple levels are key issues to be solved in the development of flavonoids and an important direction for future research.

Objective:To explore the clinical and imaging characteristics of patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms accompanied by sentinel headache.Methods:Forty patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms confirmed by DSA/CTA and accompanied by sentinel headache admitted to Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University from January 2018 to August 2023 were selected as the study subjects; the clinical and imaging characteristics of these patients were summarized. Forty-four patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms without sentinel headache and 40 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by ruptured intracranial aneurysms admitted to the hospital at the same period were selected as controls. The differences in aneurysm length (maximum diameter), morphology, tumor length (maximum diameter)/neck width (AR), and risk score for rupture of intracranial aneurysms (scores of population, hypertension, age, size of aneurysm, earlier aneurysm rupture, site of aneurysm [PHASES]) among the 3 groups were analyzed.Results:Among the 40 patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms accompanied by sentinel headache, 20 (50%) presented with pain localized at the lateral frontal and orbital regions, 3 (7.5%) with pain at the posterior neck region, and 17 (42.5%) with irregular headache sites; 34 (85%) had new onset headache, and 6 (15%) had changes in headache nature besides chronic headache; 24 patients (60%) had posterior communicating artery aneurysm, 12 (30%) had internal carotid artery aneurysm, 1 (2.5%) had middle cerebral artery aneurysm, and 3 (7.5%) had vertebral artery dissection aneurysm; 36 (90%) had irregular aneurysm morphology. Compared with patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms without sentinel headache, patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms accompanied by sentinel headache and those with subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by ruptured intracranial aneurysms had larger aneurysm length (maximum diameter), higher proportion of irregular morphology, higher AR value, and higher PHASES scores, with significant differences ( P<0.05). Compared with patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by ruptured intracranial aneurysms, patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms accompanied by sentinel headache had larger aneurysm length (maximum diameter) and higher PHASES scores, with significant differences ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Sentinel headache is common in patients with unruptured posterior communicating artery aneurysms, and the relatively specific headache pattern is sudden periorbital pain or posterior neck pain; patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms accompanied by sentinel headache have a higher rupture risk due to the larger size, more irregular shape, higher AR value of the aneurysm, therefore, same attention should be payed to these patients as those with ruptured aneurysms in clinical practice.

A transcriptional regulatory network for wild-type and ATP7B-knockout HepG2 cells exposed to copper was constructed by bioinformatics methods to explore the potential mechanism of key transcription factors in the pathogenesis of hepatolenticular degeneration. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for wild-type and ATP7B-knockout HepG2 cell lines without copper and exposed to copper were collected from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were performed for DEGs induced by copper. The key functional modules and genes were identified based on the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Moreover, the enrichment analysis of genes in functional modules was performed. Finally, a transcriptional regulatory network was constructed to screen the core transcription factors. A total of 1 034 genes, including 509 down-regulated genes and 525 up-regulated genes, were selected as DEGs. The up-regulated and down-regulated functional modules based on PPI network included 3 785 and 3 931 genes, respectively. Genes in key functional modules were enriched in cell-substrate junction, chromosomal region, spliceosomal complex and ribosome. They were involved in mRNA processing, histone modification, RNA splicing, regulation of DNA metabolic process, protein phosphorylation and other biological processes. Moreover, they were correlated to transcriptional coregulator activity, DNA-binding transcription factor binding, ubiquitin-like protein ligase binding and other molecular functions. KEGG analysis showed that genes in key functional modules were significantly enriched in hepatitis B, MAPK signaling pathway, cellular senescence and apoptosis, neurotrophin signaling pathway and pathways of neurodegeneration-multiple diseases. The transcriptional regulatory network contained 11 differentially expressed transcription factors and 96 DEGs. Among them, U2AF1, NFRKB, FUS, MAX, SRSF1, CEBPA and RXRA were the core transcription factors, which may facilitate the study of the biological function of relevant molecules in transcriptional regulation of hepatolenticular degeneration.
Humans ; Transcriptome ; Gene Expression Profiling/methods* ; Hepatolenticular Degeneration/genetics* ; Copper ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Computational Biology/methods* ; Transcription Factors/genetics* ; DNA ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics* ; Serine-Arginine Splicing Factors/genetics*

Identification of components and metabolites of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) employing liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF MS) techniques with information-dependent acquisition (IDA) approaches is increasingly frequent. A current drawback of IDA-MS is that the complexity of a sample might prevent important compounds from being triggered in IDA settings. Sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment-ion spectra (SWATH) is a data-independent acquisition (DIA) method where the instrument deterministically fragments all precursor ions within the predefined m/z range in a systematic and unbiased fashion. Herein, the superiority of SWATH on the detection of TCMs' components was firstly investigated by comparing the detection ef-ficiency of SWATH-MS and IDA-MS data acquisition modes, and sanguisorbin extract was used as a mode TCM. After optimizing the setting parameters of SWATH, rolling collision energy (CE) and variable Q1 isolation windows were found to be more efficient for sanguisorbin identification than the fixed CE and fixed Q1 isolation window. More importantly, the qualitative efficiency of SWATH-MS on sanguisorbins was found significantly higher than that of IDA-MS data acquisition. In IDA mode, 18 kinds of sangui-sorbins were detected in sanguisorbin extract. A total of 47 sanguisorbins were detected when SWATH-MS was used under rolling CE and flexible Q1 isolation window modes. Besides, 26 metabolites of sangui-sorbins were identified in rat plasma, and their metabolic pathways could be deduced as decarbonylation, oxidization, reduction, methylation, and glucuronidation according to their fragmental ions acquired in SWATH-MS mode. Thus, SWATH-MS data acquisition could provide more comprehensive information for the component and metabolite identification for TCMs than IDA-MS.

Animals ; Cdc20 Proteins/metabolism* ; Cell Line ; Embryo, Mammalian/embryology* ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; Infertility, Female/metabolism* ; Mice ; Mutation ; Oocytes/metabolism*

In the special period of COVID-19’s epidemic situation, plastic surgeons are subordinate first and foremost to the national situation and assume the duties that doctors have to cope with in the fight against the epidemic. At the same time, conditions have been created for the provision of professional services to patients who have to undergo emergency plastic treatment, while ensuring the safety of the epidemic. The forum has two components: (1) Presentation of the experience of representative medical institutions in the emergency plastic treatment in a safe manner to prevent epidemics and the safety measures for plastic work in the normal environment of epidemic prevention. (2) A reflection by the plastic surgeons on the professional characteristics and problems at this extraordinary time, and a discussion of the factors affecting the future of plastic surgery industry.

In the special period of COVID-19’s epidemic situation, plastic surgeons are subordinate first and foremost to the national situation and assume the duties that doctors have to cope with in the fight against the epidemic. At the same time, conditions have been created for the provision of professional services to patients who have to undergo emergency plastic treatment, while ensuring the safety of the epidemic. The forum has two components: (1) Presentation of the experience of representative medical institutions in the emergency plastic treatment in a safe manner to prevent epidemics and the safety measures for plastic work in the normal environment of epidemic prevention. (2) A reflection by the plastic surgeons on the professional characteristics and problems at this extraordinary time, and a discussion of the factors affecting the future of plastic surgery industry.

The accumulation of various types of drug informatics data and computational approaches for drug repositioning can accelerate pharmaceutical research and development. How-ever, the integration of multi-dimensional drug data for precision repositioning remains a pressing challenge. Here, we propose a systematic framework named PIMD to predict drug therapeutic properties by integrating multi-dimensional data for drug repositioning. In PIMD, drug similarity networks (DSNs) based on chemical, pharmacological, and clinical data are fused into an integrated DSN (iDSN) composed of many clusters. Rather than simple fusion, PIMD offers a systematic way to annotate clusters. Unexpected drugs within clusters and drug pairs with a high iDSN similarity score are therefore identified to predict novel therapeutic uses. PIMD provides new insights into the universality, individuality, and complementarity of different drug properties by evaluating the con-tribution of each property data. To test the performance of PIMD, we use chemical, pharmacolog-ical, and clinical properties to generate an iDSN. Analyses of the contributions of each drug property indicate that this iDSN was driven by all data types and performs better than other DSNs. Within the top 20 recommended drug pairs, 7 drugs have been reported to be repurposed. The source code for PIMD is available at https://github.com/Sepstar/PIMD/.

Objective To investigate the morphological changes of the brainstem in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and their relationship with hippocampal morphological changes.Methods Sixty AD patients (AD group) and sixty age-and gender-matched normal elderly (normal control group) were selected from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database.The hippocampus and the brainstem of each subject were segmented and their normalized volumes were calculated.According to the hippocampal volume standard value (Z-score),AD patients were divided into two subgroups (hippocampal atrophy group (n=51) and hippocampal spared group (n=9)).A voxel-based morphology (VBM) study was also performed to investigate the morphological differences of the brainstem between the normal control group and the AD group,as well as between the AD subgroups.Results Compared with the normal control group,the brainstem volume in the AD group decreased significantly (16 741.31±1 739.11 vs 15 609.67±1 451.60,t=3.870,P=0.001).In AD subgroups,the volume of the brainstem in the hippocampal atrophy group was significantly smaller than that in the hippocampal spared group (16 556.30 ± 1 514.86 vs 15 442.62 ± 1 389.05,t=2.189,P=0.033).Pearson correlation analysis showed that Mini-Mental State Examination scores were positively correlated with the hippocampal and the brainstem volumes (r=0.590,P＜0.01;r=0.234,P＜0.05),and there was a positive correlation between the hippocampal and the brainstem volume changes in patients with AD (r=0.315,P=0.014).VBM results showed that both the bilateral midbrain and the bilateral pons in the AD group had significant atrophy compared with the normal control group (P＜0.05).In the AD subgroups,the bilateral midbrain and the left pons in the hippocampal atrophy group were significantly atrophied compared with the hippocampal spared group (P＜0.05).Conclusion The brainstem showed morphological changes in patients with AD,and the morphological changes of the brainstem in AD patients with different degrees of hippocampal atrophy were different,indicating the morphological changes of the hippocampus and the brainstem may have an interrelated relationship.