One of the significant hurdles in telemedicine, particularly in ophthalmology, is the absence of direct physical examination. This specialty depends extensively on specialized instruments that typically require proficient operators. Visual function tests are crucial for both outpatient and inpatient ophthalmic services, playing a vital role in screening, diagnosing, monitoring treatment effectiveness, and managing follow-ups for various eye conditions. The progress in mobile technology has paved the way for expanding these tests beyond traditional clinic settings, promoting the creation of patient-focused, straightforward, cost-effective, and efficient measurement tools. In light of the swift advancement of digital technologies, this article reviews the characteristics, and reliability of self-administered visual function tests tools, including visual acuity, refractive error assessment, visual field, contrast sensitivity, and color vision, along with other pertinent diagnostic tools that have been developed and validated for accuracy and repeatability through research, with a view to providing ophthalmologists and patients with scientific and practical references when selecting and using these tools, further promoting efficiency and efficacy of teleophthalmology.

Cardiac arrest (CA) is a serious cardiac event, which has a high incidence and low survival rate at home and abroad. In order to predict the risk of CA in advance, a large number of studies have been conducted by relevant researchers. This paper mainly summarizes the characteristics and research status of the existing analysis and prediction of CA from three aspects: the risk prediction factors of CA, the evaluation index of risk prediction of CA and the early warning scoring system of CA. We hope it can help medical staff to understand the current progress in this field, and provide new ways and methods for predicting the risk of CA.

Objective:To investigate the pollution levels and influencing factors of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in household dust in five cities in northern China.Methods:Based on the "Chinese Indoor Environment and Health Surveillance" project carried out by the National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2018-2019, during the warm season (April 2018 to September 2018) and the cold season (November 2018 to March 2019), Lanzhou in Northwest China, Shijiazhuang in North China, Panjin in Northeast China, Luoyang in Central China, and Qingdao in East China were selected as the research sites. A total of 87 families were recruited to study residences in real-life scenarios. At the same time, dust samples were collected to detect the concentration of PBDEs. The level of household environmental indicators was measured, and the residential building characteristics and family behavior habits were collected through questionnaires. A total of 142 valid dust samples and 140 valid questionnaires were obtained. The differences in PBDE concentrations across seasons, wind zones, residential building characteristics, and family habits were analyzed. The exploratory factor analysis was performed to investigate the possible sources of PBDEs, and multivariate linear regression was used to explore the factors influencing PBDEs in household dust.Results:The M ( Q1,Q3) of total PBDE concentrations in 142 household dust samples in five cities was 144.51 (106.61, 222.65) ng/g in the warm season and 145.10 (98.57, 180.65) ng/g in the cold season, respectively. There were seasonal differences in the concentration of ∑ 12PBDEs in Luoyang and Shijiazhuang ( P<0.01). The concentration of BDE-71 was highest among PBDE homologues, followed by BDE-66 and BDE-47. Three factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis in the warm season, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 67.90%. The multivariate linear regression showed that the house completion less than ten years [ β (95% CI): 0.186 (0.013, 0.359)], infrequent home cooking [ β (95% CI):-0.342 (-0.570, -0.114)], and increased residential PM 10 concentration [ β (95% CI): 0.001 (0.000, 0.002)] during the warm season, as well as the house far from driveway [ β (95% CI): 0.093 (0.013, 0.172)], house area less than 90 m 2 [ β (95% CI):-0.138 (-0.264, -0.013)], and lower residential xylene concentration [ β (95% CI):-0.006 (-0.011, -0.001)] during the cold season might be related to the elevated concentrations of ∑ 12PBDEs in household dust. Conclusion:The pollution of PBDEs in household dust in five northern cities is at a medium to high level. Years of house completion, frequency of cooking at home, residential PM 10 concentration, distance from house to driveway, house area, and residential xylene concentration may influence household PBDE concentrations.

Objective:To investigate the pollution levels and influencing factors of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in household dust in five cities in northern China.Methods:Based on the "Chinese Indoor Environment and Health Surveillance" project carried out by the National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2018-2019, during the warm season (April 2018 to September 2018) and the cold season (November 2018 to March 2019), Lanzhou in Northwest China, Shijiazhuang in North China, Panjin in Northeast China, Luoyang in Central China, and Qingdao in East China were selected as the research sites. A total of 87 families were recruited to study residences in real-life scenarios. At the same time, dust samples were collected to detect the concentration of PBDEs. The level of household environmental indicators was measured, and the residential building characteristics and family behavior habits were collected through questionnaires. A total of 142 valid dust samples and 140 valid questionnaires were obtained. The differences in PBDE concentrations across seasons, wind zones, residential building characteristics, and family habits were analyzed. The exploratory factor analysis was performed to investigate the possible sources of PBDEs, and multivariate linear regression was used to explore the factors influencing PBDEs in household dust.Results:The M ( Q1,Q3) of total PBDE concentrations in 142 household dust samples in five cities was 144.51 (106.61, 222.65) ng/g in the warm season and 145.10 (98.57, 180.65) ng/g in the cold season, respectively. There were seasonal differences in the concentration of ∑ 12PBDEs in Luoyang and Shijiazhuang ( P<0.01). The concentration of BDE-71 was highest among PBDE homologues, followed by BDE-66 and BDE-47. Three factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis in the warm season, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 67.90%. The multivariate linear regression showed that the house completion less than ten years [ β (95% CI): 0.186 (0.013, 0.359)], infrequent home cooking [ β (95% CI):-0.342 (-0.570, -0.114)], and increased residential PM 10 concentration [ β (95% CI): 0.001 (0.000, 0.002)] during the warm season, as well as the house far from driveway [ β (95% CI): 0.093 (0.013, 0.172)], house area less than 90 m 2 [ β (95% CI):-0.138 (-0.264, -0.013)], and lower residential xylene concentration [ β (95% CI):-0.006 (-0.011, -0.001)] during the cold season might be related to the elevated concentrations of ∑ 12PBDEs in household dust. Conclusion:The pollution of PBDEs in household dust in five northern cities is at a medium to high level. Years of house completion, frequency of cooking at home, residential PM 10 concentration, distance from house to driveway, house area, and residential xylene concentration may influence household PBDE concentrations.

Objective:To investigate the clinical, radiological, and pathological features of anaplastic gangliogliomas (AGGs) and to determine whether these tumors represent a distinct entity.Methods:Consecutive 667 cases of ganglioglioma (GG) diagnosed at the Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China between January 2015 and July 2023 were screened. Among these cases, 9 pathologically confirmed AGG cases were identified. Their clinical, radiological, treatment, and outcome data were analyzed retrospectively. Most of the tumor samples were subject to next-generation sequencing, while a subset of them were subject to DNA methylation profiling.Results:Among the 9 patients, there were five males and four females, with a median age of 8 years. Epileptic seizures (5/9) were the most frequently presented symptom. Radiological examinations showed three types of radiological manifestations: four cases showed abnormal MRI signals with no significant mass effects and mild enhancement; two cases demonstrated a mixed solid-cystic density lesion with peritumoral edema, which showed significant heterogeneous enhancement and obvious mass effects, and one case displayed cystic cavity formation with nodules on MRI, which showed evident enhancements. All cases exhibited mutations that were predicted to activate the MAP kinase signaling pathway, including seven with BRAF p.V600E mutation and two with NF1 mutation. Five AGGs with mutations involving the MAP kinase signaling pathway also had concurrent mutations, including three with CDKN2A homozygous deletion, one with a TERT promoter mutation, one with a H3F3A mutation, and one with a PTEN mutation.Conclusions:AGG exhibits a distinct spectrum of pathology, genetic mutations and clinical behaviors, differing from GG. Given these characteristics suggest that AGG may be a distinct tumor type, further expansion of the case series is needed. Therefore, a comprehensive integration of clinical, histological, and molecular analyses is required to correctly diagnose AGG. It will also help guide treatments and prognostication.

Objective:To observe the expression changes of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX4) in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMEC) under different experimental conditions, and to explore the role of Nrf2 in inhibiting ferroptosis in the process of alleviating hyperoxic lung injury(HLI).Methods:Hyperoxic model was established by hyperoxia exposure.HPMEC were treated with blank control (control group), oxygen exposure at the concentration of 950 mL/L (hyperoxia group), oxygen exposure at the concentration of 950 mL/L+ 10 μmol/L Ferrostatin (ferroptosis inhibitor group) and oxygen exposure at the concentration of 950 mL/L + 10 μmol/L ML385 (Nrf2 inhibitor group). Cell viability at 24 h and 48 h was tested by the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected by a commercial ROS kit.The mRNA and protein levels of Nrf2 and GPX4 were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively.Differences were analyzed using the Student′s t-test for a two-group comparison or one-way ANOVA test among groups. Results:(1)Compared with the control group, significantly decreased viability and increased ROS levels were detected in hyperoxia group.Meanwhile, the mRNA (24 h: 0.750±0.010 vs.1.010±0.160, 48 h: 0.690±0.050 vs.1.000±0.070) and protein levels of GPX4 (24 h: 0.160±0.010 vs.0.290±0.010, 48 h: 0.190±0.010 vs.0.250±0.010) at 24 h and 48 h were significantly downregulated, while the mRNA (24 h: 1.740±0.050 vs.1.000±0.050, 48 h: 2.130±0.020 vs.1.000±0.030) and protein levels of Nrf2 (24 h: 0.840±0.010 vs.0.480±0.010, 48 h: 0.840±0.010 vs.0.550±0.030) at 24 h and 48 h were significantly upregulated in hyperoxia group than those of control group (all P<0.05). (2)Compared with the hyperoxia group, significantly increased viability and decreased ROS levels were detected in ferroptosis inhibitor group.Meanwhile, the mRNA (24 h: 1.520±0.110, 48 h: 1.880±0.050) and protein levels of GPX4 (24 h: 0.290±0.010, 48 h: 0.250±0.004) at 24 h and 48 h were significantly upregulated, while the mRNA (24 h: 0.780±0.040, 48 h: 0.760±0.030) and protein levels of Nrf2 (24 h: 0.480±0.010, 48 h: 0.540±0.020) at 24 h and 48 h were significantly downregulated in ferroptosis inhibitor group than those of hyperoxia group (all P<0.05). (3)Compared with the hyperoxia group, significantly decreased viability and increased ROS levels were detected in Nrf2 inhibitor group.Meanwhile, the mRNA (24 h: 0.600±0.030, 48 h: 0.590±0.003) and protein levels of GPX4 (24 h: 0.150±0.001, 48 h: 0.180±0.001) at 24 h and 48 h were significantly downregulated, while the mRNA level of Nrf2 was significantly upregulated at 24 h (3.360±0.130), but downregulated at 48 h (1.430±0.130) (all P<0.05). No significant difference was detected in the protein level of Nrf2 at 24 h and 48 h between hyperoxia group and Nrf2 inhibitor group ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Ferroptosis is involved in the development of HLI, and Nrf2 is able to alleviate hyperoxic lung injury by inhibiting ferroptosis.Therefore, inhibition of ferroptosis by Nrf2 may provide a new therapeutic target for HLI.

Humans ; Adult ; Serum Albumin, Human ; Consensus ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; Thoracic Surgery

Objective    To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of paclitaxel and carboplatin with or without bevacizumab in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods    The databases including PubMed, The Cochrane Library, EMbase, CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP and CBM were searched from inception to October 2022 to collect randomized controlled trials of the clinical efficacy of paclitaxel and carboplatin with or without bevacizumab for the treatment of NSCLC. RevMan 5.4 software was used for meta-analysis. Results    Eight randomized controlled trials were enrolled, involving a total of 1 724 patients. Meta-analysis showed that for the treatment of NSCLC, the disease control rate, overall response rate, 1-year survival rate, and 2-year survival rate were higher in the trial group (paclitaxel and carboplatin combined with bevacizumab) than those in the control group (paclitaxel and carboplatin) (P<0.05); however, the incidences of the adverse reactions, such as leukopenia, hemorrhage, proteinuria and hypertension, etc, were higher in the trial group than those in the control group (P<0.05). There were no statistical differences between the trial group and the control group in the incidences of fatigue, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia or hyponatremia, etc (P>0.05). In addition, the median progression-free survival and overall survival were longer in the trial  group than those in the control group. Conclusion    For the treatment of NSCLC, paclitaxel and carboplatin combined with bevacizumab is superior in terms of disease control, overall response and prolonging patient survival, etc, but will be associated with more adverse reactions.

OBJECTIVE To study the correlation between processing time, chroma value and UPLC fingerprint map of Dipsaci Radix. METHODS Established the UPLC fingerprint of Dipsaci Radix. Monitored the changes of chemical components in the processing process of wine and salt processed Dipsaci Radix, spectrophotometer was used to objectively quantify the chroma value of different processed products. SPSS 20.0 and SIMCA 14.0 statistical software was used to analyze the correlation between processing time and chroma value and fingerprint. RESULTS In the process of processing, the decoction pieces color of the powder deepened and L*, b* and E* values decreased. The correlation analysis showed that the processing time was significantly correlated with the chroma value and fingerprint of decoction pieces. CONCLUSION The method of UPLC fingerprint is stabled and reliabled, combines with the objective discriminant analysis of the chroma value of the Dipsaci Radix processed products, which lay the foundation for standardizing the processing technology of wine and salt processed products and evaluating the quality of Dipsaci Radix.

Objective:To investigate the effect of early external diaphragm pacing on the diaphragm function and prognosis of patients with mechanical ventilation.Methods:A total of 47 patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation in the Emergency Intensive Care Unit of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University) from October 2019 to July 2021 were selected and randomly divided into the treatment group ( n=23) and control group ( n=24). The patients in the control group received routine clinical treatment. On this basis, the treatment group received external diaphragm pacing treatment every day from the third day of mechanical ventilation until weaning, and was followed up to 30 days after discharge. The diaphragm thickness, diaphragm excursion, diaphragm thickening fraction, mechanical ventilation time, number of weaning failures, length of hospital stay and death toll were compared between the two groups. Results:Compared with the control group, the diaphragm thickness [(0.21±0.05) cm vs. (0.16±0.05) cm], diaphragm excursion [(1.38±0.37) cm vs. (1.11±0.48) cm], and diaphragm thickening fraction [26% (19%, 32%) vs. 18.5% (10.25%, 20%)] in the treatment group increased significantly (all P<0.05). The mechanical ventilation time was shorter in the treatment group [10 (7, 15) d vs. 13 (10.25, 19) d], and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the number of weaning failures (7 vs. 9), length of hospital stay [22 (15 , 30) d vs.. 24 (17.25, 34.25) d] and deaths (8 vs. 8) (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Early application of external diaphragm pacing can improve the diaphragm function of patients with mechanical ventilation, delay the decline in diaphragm function, increase diaphragm excursion and diaphragm thickening fraction, and shorten the mechanical ventilation time.