Lung transplantation is the ultimate therapeutic option for end-stage pulmonary diseases such as interstitial pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumoconiosis. Currently, the shortage of allogeneic lung donors significantly limits the opportunity for end-stage lung disease patients to receive lung transplantation. In recent years, with the rapid development of biomedical engineering technologies, especially the major breakthroughs in genetic modification and cloning, xenogeneic lung transplantation has shown important potential for clinical translation. Among them, genetically modified pigs have become the most promising xenogeneic lung source due to the close similarity of organ size and physiological characteristics to humans, and the ability to perform targeted gene knockouts (such as α-Gal antigen knockout) to reduce the occurrence of hyperacute rejection. This article focuses on the research progress of porcine xenogeneic lung transplantation, systematically reviews the latest achievements and challenges in animal experiments and human trials, and introduces the technical experience accumulated by Shenzhen Third People's Hospital in the porcine-to-monkey xenogeneic lung transplantation model, in the hope of providing practical references for future research in this field.

Objective: The characteristics and differences of the general notice between the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and the Japanese Pharmacopoeia were investigated to provide references and suggestions for the compilation of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.
Methods: From the perspective of frame structure and main contents, the general notice between the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and the Japanese Pharmacopoeia was compared.
Results: Each volume of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia had its general notice, including 34 to 48 items and 10 to 12 chapters based on different varieties collected in each volume. The Japanese Pharmacopoeia had 49 items not arranged by chapters. There are many differences on the general notice between the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and the Japanese Pharmacopoeia, such as the definitions and expressions of names, determination of appearance, revision rules, risk assessment and quality control conception. The framework of the general notice in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia was clear, the content was specific and the operation was friendly. The term description of the general notice in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia was concise, and some terms need to be implemented under the guidance of professional knowledge.
Conclusion: In light of comparative study, every volume’s general notice of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia has its own characteristics. By integrating advanced analytical technique, combining the requirements with laws and regulations, and optimizing content and terms, all volume’s general notice could be explored to be coordinated and unified.

Objective To analyze the effects of glucocorticoid stent implantation combined with nasal endoscopic surgery on nasal ventilation function and serum levels of eosinophil cationic protein(ECP),fibronectin(Fn)and aquaporin-1(AQP-1)in patients with chronic sinusitis with nasal polyp(CSwNP).Methods 60 patients with CSwNP from January 2022 to February 2023 were included in the study,and then they were divided into experimental group and control group,with 30 cases in each,using random number table method.The experimental group was treated with glucocorticoid stent implantation based on the original nasal endoscopic surgery,and the control group was treated with nasal endoscopic surgery,and both groups were treated until 12 weeks after surgery.The two groups of nasal symptoms,quality of life,nasal structure and ventilation function,serum levels of ECP,Fn,AQP-1,and adverse reactions were compared.Results Compared before the treatment,scores of nasal mucosal structure(Lund-Mackay scale),nasal symptom visual analogue scale(VAS)(including:nasal obstruction,runny nose,stuffy head,decreased sense of smell,nasal dryness/scab)and serum levels of ECP were decreased,distance from minimum nasal cross section to anterior nostril(DCAN)was shortened in two groups 12 weeks after treatment,and the experimental group was lower than the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Compared before the treatment,12 weeks after treatment,the nasal minimum cross-sectional area(NMCA),score of world health organization abbreviated quality of life(WHOQOL-100),nasal cavity volume(NCV),serum levels of Fn,AQP-1 were increased in two groups,and the experimental group was higher than the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).During treatment,the incidence of adverse reactions was similar between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Glucocorticoid stent implantation combined with nasal endoscopic surgery can control nasal symptoms in patients with CSwNP,improve nasal structure and ventilation function,regulate serum levels of ECP,Fn,AQP-1,and improve patients'quality of life.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of serological indicators and evaluate the diagnostic value of a new established combined serological model on identifying the minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) in patients with compensated cirrhosis.Methods:This prospective multicenter study enrolled 263 compensated cirrhotic patients from 23 hospitals in 15 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities of China between October 2021 and August 2022. Clinical data and laboratory test results were collected, and the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score was calculated. Ammonia level was corrected to the upper limit of normal (AMM-ULN) by the baseline blood ammonia measurements/upper limit of the normal reference value. MHE was diagnosed by combined abnormal number connection test-A and abnormal digit symbol test as suggested by Guidelines on the management of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis. The patients were randomly divided (7∶3) into training set ( n=185) and validation set ( n=78) based on caret package of R language. Logistic regression was used to establish a combined model of MHE diagnosis. The diagnostic performance was evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curve, Hosmer-Lemeshow test and calibration curve. The internal verification was carried out by the Bootstrap method ( n=200). AUC comparisons were achieved using the Delong test. Results:In the training set, prevalence of MHE was 37.8% (70/185). There were statistically significant differences in AMM-ULN, albumin, platelet, alkaline phosphatase, international normalized ratio, MELD score and education between non-MHE group and MHE group (all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that AMM-ULN [odds ratio ( OR)=1.78, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 1.05-3.14, P=0.038] and MELD score ( OR=1.11, 95% CI 1.04-1.20, P=0.002) were independent risk factors for MHE, and the AUC for predicting MHE were 0.663, 0.625, respectively. Compared with the use of blood AMM-ULN and MELD score alone, the AUC of the combined model of AMM-ULN, MELD score and education exhibited better predictive performance in determining the presence of MHE was 0.755, the specificity and sensitivity was 85.2% and 55.7%, respectively. Hosmer-Lemeshow test and calibration curve showed that the model had good calibration ( P=0.733). The AUC for internal validation of the combined model for diagnosing MHE was 0.752. In the validation set, the AUC of the combined model for diagnosing MHE was 0.794, and Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed good calibration ( P=0.841). Conclusion:Use of the combined model including AMM-ULN, MELD score and education could improve the predictive efficiency of MHE among patients with compensated cirrhosis.

Objective:To discuss the value of pubo-femoral distance(PFD) in the diagnosis of infants with developmental dysplasia of the hip(DDH).Methods:Nine hundred and thirty-one infants with DDH and normal infants diagnosed by clinical examination and ultrasonography were involved from February 2022 to June 2023 in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital. The ultrasonographic examination included Graf method and pubo-femoral distance measurement. Statistical analysis was made on the measurements of PFD of different types of hips.Results:Among all the hips, 1 359 hips were Graf type Ⅰ, 274 hips were Graf type Ⅱa, 166 hips were Graf type Ⅱb, 31 hips were Graf type Ⅱc, 7 hips were Graf type D, 13 hips were Graf type Ⅲ, and 12 hips were Graf type Ⅳ. The PFD of these hips were (0.34±0.07)cm, (0.35±0.08)cm, (0.35±0.08)cm, (0.51±0.11)cm, (0.67±0.09)cm, (0.95±0.26)cm, (1.27±0.30)cm, respectively. There was no significant difference in PFD between hips of Graf Ⅰ, Graf Ⅱa and Graf Ⅱb ( P>0.05), but there was significant difference in PFD between hips of the other Graf types ( P<0.05). The area under curve(AUC) of the PFD for the diagnosis of stability of the hips in infants was 0.959 with the cut-off value of 0.435 cm, the sensitivity and specificity were 88.9% and 90.4%, respectively. Conclusions:The PFD has great value in the evaluation of the stability of hip joint, and the cut-off value is 0.435 cm.

Objective:To compare the differences in the prevalence of mild micro-hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) among patients with cirrhosis by using the psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES) and the Stroop smartphone application (Encephal App) test.Methods:This prospective, multi-center, real-world study was initiated by the National Clinical Medical Research Center for Infectious Diseases and the Portal Hypertension Alliance and registered with International ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05140837). 354 cases of cirrhosis were enrolled in 19 hospitals across the country. PHES (including digital connection tests A and B, digital symbol tests, trajectory drawing tests, and serial management tests) and the Stroop test were conducted in all of them. PHES was differentiated using standard diagnostic criteria established by the two studies in China and South Korea. The Stroop test was evaluated based on the criteria of the research and development team. The impact of different diagnostic standards or methods on the incidence of MHE in patients with cirrhosis was analyzed. Data between groups were differentiated using the t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and χ2 test. A kappa test was used to compare the consistency between groups. Results:After PHES, the prevalence of MHE among 354 cases of cirrhosis was 78.53% and 15.25%, respectively, based on Chinese research standards and Korean research normal value standards. However, the prevalence of MHE was 56.78% based on the Stroop test, and the differences in pairwise comparisons among the three groups were statistically significant (kappa = -0.064, P < 0.001). Stratified analysis revealed that the MHE prevalence in three groups of patients with Child-Pugh classes A, B, and C was 74.14%, 83.33%, and 88.24%, respectively, according to the normal value standards of Chinese researchers, while the MHE prevalence rates in three groups of patients with Child-Pugh classes A, B, and C were 8.29%, 23.53%, and 38.24%, respectively, according to the normal value standards of Korean researchers. Furthermore, the prevalence rates of MHE in the three groups of patients with Child-Pugh grades A, B, and C were 52.68%, 58.82%, and 73.53%, respectively, according to the Stroop test standard. However, among the results of each diagnostic standard, the prevalence of MHE showed an increasing trend with an increasing Child-Pugh grade. Further comparison demonstrated that the scores obtained by the number connection test A and the number symbol test were consistent according to the normal value standards of the two studies in China and South Korea ( Z = -0.982, -1.702; P = 0.326, 0.089), while the other three sub-tests had significant differences ( P < 0.001). Conclusion:The prevalence rate of MHE in the cirrhotic population is high, but the prevalence of MHE obtained by using different diagnostic criteria or methods varies greatly. Therefore, in line with the current changes in demographics and disease spectrum, it is necessary to enroll a larger sample size of a healthy population as a control. Moreover, the establishment of more reliable diagnostic scoring criteria will serve as a basis for obtaining accurate MHE incidence and formulating diagnosis and treatment strategies in cirrhotic populations.

Objective:To explore the high-frequency ultrasonographic and clinical features of superficial intravascular tumors.Methods:Thirteen superficial intravascular tumor patients who underwent ultrasound examination form Beijing Jishuitan Hospital during 2016-2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The location, anatomic blood vessels, shape, size, boundary, internal echo, blood flow and clinical characteristics of the tumors were analyzed.Results:Among the 13 cases, most of the tumors were oval like or long strip, and a few were round like. All 11 cases of primary intravascular tumors showed hypoechoic mass; 2 cases of intravascular metastasis or recurrence showed solid hypoechoic with hyperechoic mass. Arterial blood flow spectrum was detected in 12 cases. Two patients with glomus tumor showed typical tenderness at the fixed point. Two patients had a history of bone tumors in the upper or lower extremities.Conclusions:High frequency ultrasound can clearly recognize the location of the superficial intravascular tumors, describe the morphological characteristics and sonographic features of the tumor, then help to make a more accurate qualitative diagnosis.

Objective:To measure the pubo-femoral distance of hips of the infants diagnosed with Graf type Ⅰ by high frequency ultrasound.Methods:A total of 1 084 infants(2 168 hips) diagnosed with Graf type Ⅰ by ultrasonography were collected in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from June 2019 to May 2020. The ultrasonographic examinations included Graf method and pubo-femoral distance measurement. The 95% medical reference value was adopted to confirm range of normal values of the pubo-femoral distance. And the differences of the pubo-femoral distance between different gender, age and bilateral hip were compared.Results:The pubo-femoral distance of hips diagnosed with Graf type Ⅰ was (0.27±0.06)cm, the pubo-femoral distance of males was(0.27±0.06)cm, the pubo-femoral distance of females was (0.27±0.07)cm. The 95% medical reference value was 0.15-0.38 cm. The 95% medical reference value of males was 0.15-0.39 cm, and the 95% medical reference value of females was 0.13-0.41 cm. There were no significant differences between the sexes or between the age(all P>0.05). The difference between the bilateral hip joints from the same infant was statistically significant[(0.274±0.064)cm vs (0.265±0.064)cm, P<0.05]. Conclusions:The 95% medical reference value of hip diagnosed with Graf type Ⅰ is 0.15-0.38 cm.

ObjectiveTo discuss the effects of targeted nursing intervention on pregnancy outcome and neonatal weight in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). MethodsTotally 108 GDM patients treated in our hospital from July 2017 to February 2019 were selected and divided into intervention (n=54) and control (n=54) groups according to the random number table. Patients in the control group received conventional nursing care, while patients in the intervention group received targeted care on this basis. Patient＇s blood glucose level, pregnancy outcome, neonatal weight and satisfaction with nursing before and after nursing care were compared between the two groups. ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in blood glucose levels between the two groups before nursing intervention (P＞0.05). Fasting blood glucose, 2 h postprandial blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels were lower after nursing intervention in both groups. The levels of the intervention group were even lower than those of the control group, and there were statistically significant differences between the two groups (P＜ 0.05). The incidence of malignant pregnancy outcome and neonatal complications of the intervention group were lower than those of the control group after nursing intervention, and patient＇s satisfaction with nursing was higher in the intervention group than in the control group, and there were statistically significant differences between the two groups (P＜ 0.05). ConclusionsTargeted nursing intervention can effectively reduce blood glucose levels of GDM patients and the incidence rate of adverse maternal and neonatal outcome, and improve patient＇s satisfaction, which is worth promoting in clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the current status of application of the Confusion assessment method for the Intensive Care Unit (Cam-ICU),and to explore its influencing factors.Methods A total of 300 patients admitted to were enrolled.The researchers and nurses used Cam-ICU to assess patients' delirium,respectively,and the differences in deliriun assessment were analyzed.Results For delirium assessment,the Kappa value was 0.546 between the researchers and nurses.The consensus rate was 17.6％ for hypoactive delirium,and 77.8％ for hyperactive delirium in 44 delirium patients.Logistic regression analysis showed that APACHE Ⅱ score,RASS score and delirium type were influencing factors of accurate assessment of delirium.Conclusion The consistence of assessment of delirium by ICU nurses is generally good,but the accuracy of assessment of hypoactive delirium is the worst.