Objective To explore the inhibitory effect of saikosonin a(SSa)on pentylenetetrazol-induced acute epilepsy seizures in a mouse model of depression and explore the mechanism mediating this effect.Methods Male C57BL/6J mouse models of depression was established by oral administration of corticosterone via drinking water for 3 weeks,and acute epileptic seizures were induced by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of pentylenetetrazole.The effect of intraperitoneal injection of SSa prior to the treatment on depressive symptoms and epileptic seizures were assessed using behavioral tests,epileptic seizure grading and hippocampal morphology observation.ELISA was used to detect blood corticosterone levels of the mice,and RT-qPCR was performed to detect the pro-and anti-inflammatory factors.Microglia activation in the mice was observed using immunofluorescence staining.Results The mouse model of corticosterone-induced depression showed body weight loss and obvious depressive behaviors with significantly increased serum corticosterone level(all P<0.05).Compared with those with pentylenetetrazole-induced epilepsy alone,the epileptic mice with comorbid depression showed significantly shorter latency of epileptic seizures,increased number,grade and duration of of seizures,reduced Nissl bodies in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 neurons,increased number of Iba1-positive cells,and significantly enhanced hippocampal expressions of IL-1β,IL-10,TNF-α and IFN-γ.Pretreatment of the epileptic mice with SSa significantly prolonged the latency of epileptic seizures,reduced the number,duration,and severity of seizures,increased the number of Nissl bodies,decreased the number of Iba1-positive cells,and reduced the expression levels of IL-1β,IL-10,TNF-α,and IFN-γ in the hippocampus(P<0.05).Conclusion Depressive state aggravates epileptic seizures,increases microglia activation,and elevates inflammation levels.SSA treatment can alleviate acute epileptic seizures in mouse models of depression possibly by suppressing microglia activation-mediated inflammation.

This study was designed to explore the effect of DNA methyltransferase 1(DNMT1)on podocyte apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine release induced by high glucose(HG),and analyze the related molecular mechanisms.Podocyte MPC-5 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into control and HG groups.DNMT1 and SOCS1 were either silenced or overexpressed using small RNA interference technology and liposome transfection technology.The expression levels of DNMT1 and SOCS1 genes were measured using qRT-PCR.Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry,while ELISA was employed to determine the levels of inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1).Western blot was used to detect the expression of DNMT1,SOCS1 proteins,and the proteins involved in the Janus kinase 2(JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)signaling pathway.Data showed that HG elevated MPC-5 cell apoptosis rate,the level of inflammatory factors and DNMT1 mRNA expression,and the expression of DNMT1,p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 proteins,while reduced SOCS1 mRNA and protein expression(P＜0.05).Both silencing DNMT1 and overexpressing SOCS1 resulted in reduce of MPC-5 cell apoptosis rate,inflammatory factors level,p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 proteins expression(P＜0.05).Additionally,silencing DNMT1 increased SOCS1 mRNA and protein expressions(P＜0.05).Conversely,silencing SOCS1 counteracted the effects of DNMT1 silencing on MPC-5 cell apoptosis,inflammation,p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 proteins expression.Therefore,silencing DNMT1 expression can reduce the apoptosis and inflammation of podocytes induced by HG,and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway activation by upregulating SOCS1 expression.

Objective To explore the inhibitory effect of saikosonin a(SSa)on pentylenetetrazol-induced acute epilepsy seizures in a mouse model of depression and explore the mechanism mediating this effect.Methods Male C57BL/6J mouse models of depression was established by oral administration of corticosterone via drinking water for 3 weeks,and acute epileptic seizures were induced by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of pentylenetetrazole.The effect of intraperitoneal injection of SSa prior to the treatment on depressive symptoms and epileptic seizures were assessed using behavioral tests,epileptic seizure grading and hippocampal morphology observation.ELISA was used to detect blood corticosterone levels of the mice,and RT-qPCR was performed to detect the pro-and anti-inflammatory factors.Microglia activation in the mice was observed using immunofluorescence staining.Results The mouse model of corticosterone-induced depression showed body weight loss and obvious depressive behaviors with significantly increased serum corticosterone level(all P<0.05).Compared with those with pentylenetetrazole-induced epilepsy alone,the epileptic mice with comorbid depression showed significantly shorter latency of epileptic seizures,increased number,grade and duration of of seizures,reduced Nissl bodies in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 neurons,increased number of Iba1-positive cells,and significantly enhanced hippocampal expressions of IL-1β,IL-10,TNF-α and IFN-γ.Pretreatment of the epileptic mice with SSa significantly prolonged the latency of epileptic seizures,reduced the number,duration,and severity of seizures,increased the number of Nissl bodies,decreased the number of Iba1-positive cells,and reduced the expression levels of IL-1β,IL-10,TNF-α,and IFN-γ in the hippocampus(P<0.05).Conclusion Depressive state aggravates epileptic seizures,increases microglia activation,and elevates inflammation levels.SSA treatment can alleviate acute epileptic seizures in mouse models of depression possibly by suppressing microglia activation-mediated inflammation.

Objective　To explore the effect of Mp1p on host macrophages through transcriptomics combined with metabolomics. Methods Firstly, a THP-1 macrophage strain (THP-1-Mp1p+) stably expressing Mp1p was constructed using lentivirus. Secondly, using high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA Seq) technology, the expression level of intracellular mRNA was detected in transcriptomics analysis to determine differentially expressed genes; In metabolomics analysis, metabolite identification was performed through database comparison, and pathway analysis was performed on differential metabolites to reveal potential mechanisms of action. Finally, the results of metabolomics and transcriptomics were combined for analysis, and differential metabolites and genes were analyzed to further elucidate the mechanism of action of Mp1p on macrophages. Results Transcriptome analysis showed that, compared with the negative control group, the THP-1-Mp1p+ group had a total of 1 180 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 345 upregulated genes and 835 downregulated genes. GO enrichment analysis of DEGs showed that there were 135 differentially expressed genes, including 105 in biological processes (BP), 28 in cellular components (CC), and 2 in molecular functions (MF). The KEGG analysis results showed that the effect of Mp1p on THP-1 macrophages was highly correlated with the TNF pathway. The metabolomic analysis found that both the blank control group and the THP-1-Mp1p+ macrophage group achieved good separation between QC samples in both positive and negative ion modes. The threshold for significant differential metabolites was set at: VIP≥1 and T-test P<0.05, resulting in the identification of 488 differential metabolites, with 230 in the positive ion mode and 258 in the negative ion mode. Pathway enrichment analysis of the identified metabolites pointed to significant enrichment in metabolic pathways. The combined analysis confirmed that the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, interleukin-17 signaling pathway, and NF-kappaB signaling pathway were important metabolic pathways involved. Conclusions The virulence factor Mp1p may affect host macrophages by modulating the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, interleukin-17 signaling pathway, and NF-kappaB signaling pathway. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of Mp1p and may offer potential directions for the selection of relevant diagnostic and therapeutic targets in the future.

Objective:To compare and explore the diagnostic performance of adding value of transabdominal and transvaginal contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) to Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System (O-RADS US) risk stratification and management system in differential diagnosis of adnexal masses.Methods:A total of 180 adnexal masses with solid components in 175 women were enrolled retrospectively between September 2021 and November 2022. All patients underwent routine Doppler ultrasound examinations and CEUS examinations. Among these masses, 107 masses underwent with transabdominal CEUS, 58 masses underwent with transvaginal CEUS, and 15 masses underwent both transvaginal and transabdominal CEUS. All patients were scheduled for surgery and pathological results served as the reference standard. Routine Doppler ultrasound and CEUS images and video were reviewed by a subspecialty radiologist using Vuebox software. The O-RADS US was downgraded or upgraded according to the CEUS characteristics of the masses. The diagnostic accuracy was assessed using ROC curve analysis. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated to compare the diagnostic performance of adding value of transabdominal and transvaginal CEUS to O-RADS US.Results:The diagnostic performance of adding transabdominal and transvaginal CEUS to O-RADS US were both significantly higher than of O-RADS US alone (transabdominal CEUS: AUC 0.83 vs 0.76, P=0.018; transvaginal CEUS: AUC 0.92 vs 0.81, P=0.013). Combination of transvaginal CEUS and O-RADS US was superior to that of combination of transabdominal and O-RADS US in the differential diagnosis of adnexal masses ( P=0.047). When the maximal diameter of adnexal masses ≤40 mm, transabdominal combined with O-RADS US presented the lowest diagnostic performance, with an AUC of 0.73. Conclusions:Combination of transvaginal CEUS and O-RADS US was superior to that of combination of transabdominal and O-RADS US in assessing adnexal masses with solid components. When the maximal diameter of adnexal masses ≤40 mm, transvaginal CEUS examination was recommended.

Objective: This study’s objective is to assess the efficacy and safety of Pulsed Magnetic Therapy System (PMTS) in improving insomnia disorder. Methods: Participants with insomnia disorder were randomly assigned to receive either PMTS or sham treatment for four weeks (n= 153; PMTS: 76, sham: 77). Primary outcomes are the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scores at week 0 (baseline), 1, 2, 3, 4 (treatment), and 5 (follow-up). Secondary outcomes are the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index at baseline and week 4, and weekly sleep diary-derived values for sleep latency, sleep efficiency, real sleep time, waking after sleep onset, and sleep duration. Results: The ISI scores of the PMTS group and the sham group were 7.13±0.50, 11.07±0.51 at week 4, respectively. There was a significant group×time interaction for ISI (F3.214, 485.271=24.25, p<0.001, ηp 2=0.138). Only the PMTS group experienced continuous improvement throughout the study; in contrast, the sham group only experienced a modest improvement after the first week of therapy. At the end of the treatment and one week after it, the response of the PMTS group were 69.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 58.6%–79.0%), 75.0% (95% CI: 64.1%–83.4%), respectively, which were higher than the response of the sham group (p<0.001). For each of the secondary outcomes, similar group×time interactions were discovered. The effects of the treatment persisted for at least a week. Conclusion PMTS is safe and effective in improving insomnia disorders.

The prevalence of osteoporosis， osteoarthritis， gouty arthritis， rheumatoid arthritis， and intervertebral disc degeneration is increasing year by year with the growing number of elderly people， and the common clinical manifestations of these diseases include severe pain in different areas， which seriously affects the daily life of the patients. Therefore， how to relieve the pain and reduce the prevalence of bone and joint diseases and improve the quality of life of the patients is a hot spot in the medical field. Studies have confirmed that NOD-like receptor family， pyrin domain-containing protein 3 （NLRP3） inflammasomes， as pattern recognition receptors， are involved in the inflammation， chondrocyte proliferation， osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation， intervertebral disc cell inflammation and scorching， extracellular matrix degradation and apoptosis， mitochondrial dysfunction， endoplasmic reticulum stress， and reactive oxygen species damage， demonstrating close link with the development of bone and joint diseases. Chinese medicine has a long history and demonstrates remarkable therapeutic effects in the treatment of bone and joint diseases. It can mitigate the pathological changes of bone and joint diseases by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasomes to alleviate the pain， playing a role in preventing and treating these diseases. Therefore， this paper briefly describes the relationship between NLRP3 inflammasomes and the development of bone and joint diseases by reviewing the latest research progress at home and abroad. We summarize the latest studies about the active components， extracts， and compound prescriptions of Chinese medicines in the treatment of bone and joint diseases via regulating NLRP3 inflammasomes. This review is expected to offer new insights into the in-depth research on the pathogenesis and drug treatment of bone and joint diseases and provide a basis for the clinical application of Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of such diseases.

Pulp loss is accompanied by the functional impairment of defense, sensory, and nutrition supply. The approach based on endogenous stem cells is a potential strategy for pulp regeneration. However, endogenous stem cell sources, exogenous regenerative signals, and neovascularization are major difficulties for pulp regeneration based on endogenous stem cells. Therefore, the purpose of our research is to seek an effective cytokines delivery strategy and bioactive materials to reestablish an ideal regenerative microenvironment for pulp regeneration. In in vitro study, we investigated the effects of Wnt3a, transforming growth factor-beta 1, and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) on human dental pulp stem cells (h-DPSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 2D and 3D culture systems based on collagen gel, matrigel, and gelatin methacryloyl were fabricated to evaluate the morphology and viability of h-DPSCs. In in vivo study, an ectopic nude mouse model and an in situ beagle dog model were established to investigate the possibility of pulp regeneration by implanting collagen gel loading BMP7. We concluded that BMP7 promoted the migration and odontogenic differentiation of h-DPSCs and vessel formation. Collagen gel maintained the cell adhesion, cell spreading, and cell viability of h-DPSCs in 2D or 3D culture. The transplantation of collagen gel loading BMP7 induced vascularized pulp-like tissue regeneration in vivo. The injectable approach based on collagen gel loading BMP7 might exert promising therapeutic application in endogenous pulp regeneration.
Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7/pharmacology* ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagen/pharmacology* ; Dental Pulp ; Dogs ; Endothelial Cells ; Gelatin ; Humans ; Methacrylates ; Mice ; Regeneration ; Stem Cells

【Objective】 To summarize a rapid and effective method to eliminate autoantibodies interference with blood group identification and evaluate its treatment effect. 【Methods】 Blood samples with suspicious results in initial blood group identification were collected, and those caused by autoantibodies were chosen, and their red blood cells were washed, dispersed or treated with sulfhydryl reagent. After allogeneic or autologous absorption of plasma, blood groups of those patients were re-detected to evaluate the effectiveness of the above method. 【Results】 Among 39 patients presenting suspicious ABO blood group, 9 were interfered by autoantibodies. After appropriate treatment, the ABO/RhD blood group of those patients could be identified. 【Conclusion】 Autoantibodies could interfere the identification of ABO/RhD blood group, and the efficiency and accuracy of blood group identification could be improved by analyzing the test results and selecting appropriate treatment methods.

Migraine is a kind of common and recurrent primary headache which can be incapacitating. The pathogenesis of migraine is complex and its clinical manifestations are diverse, which cause great obstacles to the diagnoses and treatments of migraine patients. In this paper, the literatures about migraine aura in recent years were collected and analyzed, and the different types of migraine aura symptoms were classified and summarized, so as to provide a basis for further study on the mechanism, prevention and treatment of migraine with aura.