Objective To explore the effects of monocular deprivation(MD)on the expression of astrocytes in the superior colliculus,hippocampus,and visual cortex in mice during the critical period of visual development.Methods Eighteen C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the normal control group(CON group)and the MD group,with 9 mice in each group.Mice were bred under the 12 h/12 h dark/light conditions.Mice in the CON group received no treat-ment,while mice in the MD group underwent MD of the right eye on postnatal day 27,and the tissue was removed after 7 days.The mRNA and protein expression levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)in the superior colliculus,hippo-campus and visual cortex of mice in the two groups were detected using the real-time reverse transcription quantitative pol-ymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)and Western blot,respectively.The number of astrocytes labeled by GFAP and central nervous system specific protein β(S100β)in the superior colliculus,hippocampus and visual cortex of mice in the two groups was detected using the immunofluorescence staining.Results RT-qPCR and Western blot results showed that compared with the CON group,the mRNA and protein expression levels of GFAP in the superior colliculus,hippocampus(CA1,CA3 and dentate gyrus)and visual cortex of mice in the MD group decreased,and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).The immunofluorescence staining results showed that compared with the CON group,the number of GFAP and S1OOβ co-labeled astrocytes in the superior colliculus,hippocampus(CA1,CA3 and dentate gyrus)and visual cortex of mice in the MD group decreased,and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Conclusion MD of mice during the critical period of visual development can result in a decrease in the number of astrocytes in the supe-rior colliculus,hippocampus and visual cortex.

Purpose/Significance The current situation of internet diagnosis and treatment in medical institutions in Beijing is ana-lyzed and studied to provide references for further promoting internet diagnosis and treatment and improving supervision of internet diagno-sis and treatment in medical institutions.Method/Process By using the methods of literature analysis,questionnaire survey and on-site interview,the current situation of internet diagnosis and treatment in medical institutions that have been qualified for internet diagnosis and treatment in Beijing is investigated.Result/Conclusion The internet diagnosis and treatment has been attached great importance by medical institutions in Beijing and has developed rapidly.However,it is also necessary to further optimize the internal and external envi-ronment for the development of internet diagnosis and treatment,strengthen supervision,and improve the public's acceptance.

The international genetically engineered machine (iGEM) competition is a global top college academic competition in synthetic biology. The iGEM competition has exhibited extensive international influence and attracted teams from more than 40 countries and regions around the world to participate in. The annual iGEM outputs have attracted the attention of top academic journals or international media such as Science, Nature, Scientific American, The Economist, British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), etc. High school teams participated in iGEM since 2011, and the number of high school teams has increased year by year. High school participants are increasingly becoming one of the most important forces to promote the development of iGEM and synthetic biology. IGEM competition has also become an important platform to foster the core literacy of high school students. This paper summarized the track rules, topic selection tendency and awards of high school teams based on data of 2017 to 2021 iGEM competition. In addition, we analyzed the significance of iGEM competition on fostering of high school students' core literacy and discussed the development trend of global high school teams, with the aim to provide a reference for high school team building in the future.
Humans ; Genetic Engineering ; Students ; Universities ; Synthetic Biology

COVID-19, caused by SARS-COV-2, has the characteristics of world epidemic, highly infectious and large base of death. In China, transmission route of SARS-COV-2 has been contained so effectively that COVID-19 has been well controlled due to the proactive national prevention and control strategy. However, not only does it bring a huge impact on the existing medical structure model, but also an objective impact on the treatment of patients with chronic diseases such as malignant tumors. Based on the progress reported in the domestic and international literatures and the actual management experience of our team, this paper reflects on the treatment strategies for patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) during the epidemic period of COVID-19. We focus on risk stratification for primary GIST and forming treatment strategies accordingly. Major considerations include the impact of delayed operation, the burden of medical resources, the waiting time for elective operation, and the principle of emergency operation. In addition, we focus on the level of evidence for non-surgical approaches with a view to developing a holistic strategy of "priority management principles" to guide clinical treatment in the context of limited resources and different GIST priorities.
COVID-19 ; China ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2

The important role of intestinal microorganisms in human health has been widely confirmed. At present, most of the studies on intestinal microorganisms are based on amplification of the V3-V4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA gene, and little attention has been paid to archaea. In this study, a primer set which can amplify 16S rRNA gene of both bacteria and archaea at the same time was used. By comparing the community changes before and after probiotics intake, it showed that this primer set is suitable for analyzing the changes of human intestinal bacteria and archaea communities. The fecal samples of volunteers were collected, and the amplification and high-throughput sequencing were carried out by using bacterial primer set (B primer) and bacterial and archaeal universal primer (AB primer); several commonly used rRNA databases were used to determine the amplification ability of the primer set to bacteria and archaea. The results showed that AB primer could display the bacterial community amplified by B primer, and could obtain the sequence of common methanogenic archaea in intestinal tract. AB primer set can analyze the bacteria and archaea in the intestinal tract at the same time by only one amplification and sequencing, which can show the structure of intestinal microbial community more comprehensively, which is suitable for the research of intestinal microorganisms.
Archaea/genetics* ; Bacteria/genetics* ; DNA Primers ; DNA, Bacterial ; Humans ; Microbiota/genetics* ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics*

To retrospectively analyze the efficacy of intravenous deep sedation for uncooperative pe-diatric patients undergoing oral treatment in outpatient clinic.The uncooperative pediatric patients,aged 2-10 yr,with an expected treatment time＜2 h,who underwent oral treatment in outpatient clinic from No-vember 2015 to October 2018,were selected.Dexmedetomidine was delivered via nasal spray,midazolam was taken orally or delivered via nasal spray,and sevoflurane was inhaled for sedation before treatment.Propofol was administered by target-controlled infusion during treatment to make patients achieve deep seda-tion.A total of 251 patients were enrolled and successfully completed oral therapy.Sedation before treat-ment: 154 cases(61.4％)received dexmedetomidine via nasal spray delivery,14 cases(5.6％)received oral midazolam,3 cases(1.2％)received midazolam via nasal spray delivery,and 80 cases(31.9％)in-haled sevoflurane,and ideal sedation(Ramsay sedation score≥4)was achieved in each pediatric patients.Temporary interruption of oral treatment due to physical activity occurred in 39 cases(15.5％),coughing occurred in 39 cases(15.5％),transient hypoxemia(time＜ 30 s)was found in 32 cases(12.9％),and these conditions returned to normal within 30 s through pausing the operation,deepening anesthesia,oral suction,lower jaw thrust or inhaling oxygen,etc.Only 1 case developed emergence agitation(Riker seda-tion-agitation scale score 5)during stay in the recovery room.No patients developed complications such as sore throat,vomiting,aspiration or obstruction of the upper respiratory tract.Intravenous deep sedation technique can be used for oral treatment in outpatient clinic in uncooperative pediatric outpatients and raise comfort of medical treatment for pediatric patients.

To retrospectively analyze the efficacy of intravenous deep sedation for uncooperative pediatric patients undergoing oral treatment in outpatient clinic.The uncooperative pediatric patients, aged 2-10 yr, with an expected treatment time<2 h, who underwent oral treatment in outpatient clinic from November 2015 to October 2018, were selected.Dexmedetomidine was delivered via nasal spray, midazolam was taken orally or delivered via nasal spray, and sevoflurane was inhaled for sedation before treatment.Propofol was administered by target-controlled infusion during treatment to make patients achieve deep sedation.A total of 251 patients were enrolled and successfully completed oral therapy.Sedation before treatment: 154 cases (61.4%) received dexmedetomidine via nasal spray delivery, 14 cases (5.6%) received oral midazolam, 3 cases (1.2%) received midazolam via nasal spray delivery, and 80 cases (31.9%) inhaled sevoflurane, and ideal sedation (Ramsay sedation score ≥4) was achieved in each pediatric patients.Temporary interruption of oral treatment due to physical activity occurred in 39 cases (15.5%), coughing occurred in 39 cases (15.5%), transient hypoxemia (time< 30 s) was found in 32 cases (12.9%), and these conditions returned to normal within 30 s through pausing the operation, deepening anesthesia, oral suction, lower jaw thrust or inhaling oxygen, etc.Only 1 case developed emergence agitation (Riker sedation-agitation scale score 5) during stay in the recovery room.No patients developed complications such as sore throat, vomiting, aspiration or obstruction of the upper respiratory tract.Intravenous deep sedation technique can be used for oral treatment in outpatient clinic in uncooperative pediatric outpatients and raise comfort of medical treatment for pediatric patients.

Objective To investigate the echocardiographic features of fetal Ebstein's anomaly (EA) and to analyze its clinical outcome and prognosis.Methods A retrospective case-control study was conducted to analyze the echocardiographic features in fetus with EA.Thirty-five EA fetuses (EA group) and 35 normal fetuses matched for gestational age (control group) were enrolled.The main echocardiographic parameters of the two groups were collected and compared.According to the direction of blood flow in the ductus arteriosus (DA),fetuses in EA group were divided into DA reverse perfusion subgroup (n=11) and normal DA blood flow subgroup (n=24).The echocardiographic parameters and GOSE scores were compared between the two subgroups.The echocardiographic features of EA and the difference of fetal hemodynamics were summarized,and the clinical outcome of EA fetus was evaluated by GOSE score.Chi-square test Rank sum test or t test were used for comparison between groups.Results Nineteen (54％) of the 35 patients terminated the pregnancy and 16 (46％) continued pregnancy until delivery during follow-up.Compared with the normal fetus group,the cardiothoracic ratio was significantly higher (0.47±0.11 vs.0.34±0.01,t=6.640,P＜ 0.01) and the transverse diameter ratio of right atrium to left atrium was significantly greater (1.42±0.38 vs.1.08±0.11,t=5.030,P＜0.01) in the EA group,and the ratio of pulmonary artery diameter to aortic diameter was significantly lower in the EA group (1.04±0.21 vs.1.20±0.15,t=-3.770,P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the normal DA blood flow subgroup,the GOSE scores ≥ 1.5 was more frequently seen (7/11 vs.3/24,P=O.004) and the ratio of pulmonary artery diameter to aortic diameter was significantly lower (0.91 ± 0.18 vs.1.24 ± 0.20,t=-4.696,P=-0.002) in the DA reverse perfusion subgroup.Six of the 16 delivery cases underwent EA corrective surgery after birth with 100％ successful rate of operation.Among the 6 cases,two had preoperative GOSE score of ≥1.5 who were considered as severe cases,and four had low GOSE score of＜1.5.The remaining ten cases who had not undergone the corrective surgery were followed up routinely.Conclusion Prenatal hemodynamics of EA combined with GOSE score can more accurately evaluate the severity and prognosis of fetal EA,reduce unnecessary labor induction,and improve postpartum cure rate and clinical outcomes.

Objective To investigate the effect of local injection of rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs)on the phenotype of macrophages in skin wound.Methods The cryopreserved primary SD rat ADSCs were resuscitated and then sub-cultured.ADSCs of the third generation were used in the experiments.Thirty six SD rats were divided into ADSCs group (n =18) and control group (n =18) by random numbers table method.The full thickness skin wounds were established on bothsides of the spine.After the model establishment 0.2 ml ADSCs suspension labeled by live cell stain Chloromethylbenzamido derivatives of 1,l'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindo-carbocyanine perchlorate (CM-Dil) with the concentration of 5 × 106/ml was subcutaneously annularly injected in the skin wound of SD rats in ADSCs group.The SD rats in control group were given 0.2 ml serum-free Dulbecco modified Eagle medium (DMEM).On 3,7,and 14 days after injury,six rats were selected from each group to measure the wound area and healing rate.The healed wound tissues were harvested to observe the morphology by HE staining.The expressions of interleukin (IL)-10 were detected by immunohistochemistry staining.The double-positive expressions of CD68 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (M1 type macrophages) and of CD68 and arginase-1 (Arg-1) (M2 type macrophages) were detected by immunofluorescent staining.The distribution of CM-Dil-labeled ADSCs in healed wound tissue 14 days after injury was observed by inverted fluorescence microscope.Results (1) At day 3 after injury,the wound areas in two groups were covered with crust and surrounding redness,and the wound healing rates were slightly different;at day 7 after injury,the wound area of ADSCs group was significantly smaller than that of control group,and the healing speed and rate of ADSCs group was significantly higher than that of control group (P ＜ 0.01);at day 14 after injury,the healing rate of ADSCs group was nearly 99％ (P ＜ 0.01),and the healing skin tissue texture of ADSCs group was better than that of control group.(2) At day 3 after injury,there were a large number of inflammatory cells and disorganized collagen fiber in the wound areas of two groups;at day 7 after injury,the inflammatory cells infiltration reduced in ADSCs group compared with control group,and the collagen fiber arrangement in control group was in disorder;at day 14 after injury,the inflammatory cells in both groups obviously decreased,and ADSCs group had more new vessels and more orderly arrangement of collagen fiber than control group.CM Dil labeled ADSCs were seen in the healing wound tissue in ADSCs group.(3) At day 3 after injury,there was little difference in M1 type macrophage distribution in the two groups;ADSCs group had more M2 type macrophage cells than control group significantly (P ＜0.01);the expression of IL 10 in ADSCs group was not high,which did not differ from that of control group;at days 7 and 14 after injury,ADSCs group has fewer M1 type macrophage cells,more M2 type macrophage cells,and higher expressions of IL-10 than control group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The ADSCs trasplantation can promote the change from M1 type to M2 type macrophages,facilitating wound regeneration and healing.

Objective To investigate the value of MRI on the perianal muscles developmental situation and associated malformations in congenital anorectal malformation.Methods The MRI features of 37 cases with congenital anorectal malformation were analyzed retrospectively.All of them were performed pelvic MRI,and 28 cases were underwent lumbosacral MRI additionally.Results Of the 37 cases,there were 9 cases with muscle belly slim and 6 cases with bilateral asymmetry of the levator ani muscle;12 cases with muscle belly slim,5 cases with bilateral asymmetry and 6 cases with irregular shape of anal sphincter.There was 1 case of ectopic kidney and fused kidney,8 cases of sacrum and coccyx vertebra deformation,4 cases of lipoma of filum terminale,3 cases of low cone,1 case of tethered cord,2 cases of cyst of coni medullaris and 3 cases of syringomyelus.There were 1 7 cases with fistula in congenital anorectal malformation proved by surgery,including 10 cases of urethral fistula,3 cases of bladder fistula,2 cases of perineal fistula,2 cases of vaginal fistula.9 cases with fistula could be clearly demonstrated on MRI,the others could not be visualized clearly. Conclusion MRI can clearly show the perianal muscles developmental situation and associated malformations in congenital anorectal malformation.MRI has high clinical value in congenital anorectal malformations.