Objective To explore the intervention mechanism of Changzhou Tongbian Formula on functional constipation(FC)combined with depression in rats.Methods A rat model of FC combined with depressive-like behaviors was established by using gastric gavage of berberine hydrochloride and chronic unpredictable mild stress.The model rats were randomly divided into blank group,model group,lactulose group,and Changzhou Tongbian Formula high-,medium-,and low-dose groups,and the intervention was carried out for five weeks.The fecal water content was calculated before and after intervention.The small intestinal propulsion rate was calculated after intervention.The depressive-like behavior levels of rats were evaluated by forced swimming test and sucrose preference test before and after intervention.The colonic mucosal morphology was observed by HE staining.The morphology and number of pyramidal cells in the hippocampal CA1 and DG regions were observed by Nissl staining.The relative protein expression levels of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4(TRPV4)in colonic tissue,as well as brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),tyrosine kinase receptor B(TrkB),mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK),and cAMP-response element binding protein(CREB)in the hippocampus of rats in each group were detected by Western Blot method.Results Compared with the blank group,the fecal water content of rats in the model group was significantly reduced(P＜0.001),the small intestinal propulsion rate was significantly lower(P＜0.01),the sucrose preference index was significantly decreased(P＜0.001),the number of pyramidal cells in the CA1 and DG regions of the hippocampus was significantly reduced(P＜0.001),and the TRPV4 in the colon and the BDNF,TrkB,MAPK,and CREB protein contents in the hippocampus were all significantly decreased(all P＜0.001).Compared with the model group,the fecal water content of the Changzhou Tongbian Formula high-,midium-,low-dose groups and the lactulose group were significantly increased(P＜0.001,P＜0.01).The small intestinal propulsion rate of the Changzhou Tongbian Formula high-,low-dose groups and lactulose group were significantly increased(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).The sucrose preference indices of the Changzhou Tongbian Formula high-,midium-,low-dose groups and lactulose group were significantly increased(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).There was no abnormality in the colonic histology.The numbers of pyramidal cells in the CA1 and DG regions of the hippocampus of the Changzhou Tongbian Formula high-,midium-,low-dose groups and lactulose group were significantly increased(P＜0.01,P＜0.001).The TRPV4 content in the colon of the Changzhou Tongbian Formula high-,midium-,low-dose groups and lactulose group were significantly increased(P＜0.001),and the BDNF,TrkB,MAPK,and CREB protein contents in the hippocampus were all significantly increased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01,P＜0.001).Conclusion After intervention,Changzhou Tongbian Formula can significantly improve the TRPV4 content in the colon of model rats with the comorbidity of FC with depression,increase the moisture content of feces,promote intestinal peristalsis and improve constipation.Meanwhile,TRPV4 can activate the BDNF/TrkB/MAPK pathway,trigger an increase in downstream CREB,improve neuroplasticity and thus alleviate some depressive-like behavior.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical significance of neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of larynx preservation in locally advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods:Patients with locally advanced HPSCC（cT3-T4aN0-N3M0） were eligible. All received 2 cycles of pembrolizumab combined with docetaxel and platinum neoadjuvant induction therapy. After two cycles, the efficacy was evaluated, followed by radical chemoradiotherapy or surgery and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy according to the efficacy. The primary endpoints were objective response rate（ORR） ，larynx-preservation（LP） rate at 3 months post-treatment and the adverse reactions during neoadjuvant therapy. Results:From December 2021 to December 2022, 10 patients with locally advanced HPSCC（cT3-T4aN0-N3M0） were enrolled. After 2 cycles of the neoadjuvant therapy, 2 patients achieved complete response（CR）, 7 patients achieved partial response（PR）, 1 patient was stable disease（SD）, objective response rate（ORR） was 90%, and disease control rate（DCR） was 100%. 5 patients received radical chemoradiotherapy, 5 patients received surgery and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, four of them received partial laryngectomy and partial hypopharyngeal resection surgery, and one of them received total laryngectomy and partial hypopharyngeal resection surgery. All patients were able to withstand adverse reactions of neoadjuvant therapy and successfully completed the whole treatment of HPSCC without grade 3-4 treatment-related adverse reactions. There was no recurrence or metastasis during 3-18 months of follow-up. 1 patient died of severe pneumonia 3 months after the completion of radical chemoradiotherapy. At 3 months after treatment, the larynx-preservation rate was 80%. Conclusion:Neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy has good short-term efficacy and the adverse reactions were tolerable. It can improve the larynx-preservation rate of patients with locally advanced HPSCC, thus improving the prognosis and quality of life of patients.
Humans ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/etiology* ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Quality of Life ; Cisplatin ; Treatment Outcome ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use* ; Larynx ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; Immunotherapy

Objective:To investigate the prognostic impact of different tumor invasion patterns in the surgical treatment of T3 glottic laryngeal cancer. Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 91 patients with T3 glottic laryngeal cancer. Results:Among the 91 patients, 58 cases （63.7%） had anterior invasion and 33 cases （36.3%） had posterior invasion. The posterior invasion was significantly correlated with invasions of the dorsal plate of cricoid cartilage （P<0.001）, arytenoid cartilage （P= 0.001）, and subglottic region（P = 0.001）. There was no statistical difference in survival outcomes between the total laryngectomy group and the partial laryngectomy group. But in the partial laryngectomy group, the 5-year disease-free survival（DFS） of patients with anterior invasive tumors was better than that of patients with posterior invasion tumors （HR: 4.681, 95%CI 1.337-16.393, P=0.016）, and subglottic invasion was associated with worse loco-regional recurrence-free survival（LRRFS）（HR: 3.931, 95%CI 1.054-14.658, P=0.041）. At the same time, we found that involvement of the dorsal plate of cricoid cartilage was an independent risk factor for postoperative laryngeal stenosis in partial laryngectomy patients （HR:11.67, 95%CI 1.89-71.98,P=0.008）. Conclusion:Compared with total laryngectomy, selected partial laryngectomy can also achieve favorable oncological outcomes. Posterior invasion and subglottic extension are independent prognostic factors for recurrence of partial laryngectomy in T3 glottic laryngeal cancer, and the involvement of the dorsal plate of cricoid cartilage is associated with postoperative laryngeal stenosis. The tumor invasion pattern of laryngeal cancer should be further subdivided in order to select a more individualized treatment plan.
Humans ; Prognosis ; Laryngeal Neoplasms/pathology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Laryngostenosis/surgery* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology* ; Postoperative Complications/surgery* ; Laryngectomy

Objective:To investigate the diversity and clinical effect of supraclavicular island flap in repairing the defect after head and neck tumor surgery. Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 30 patients who received the repair of head and neck defects with supraclavicular island flaps at Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2017 to March 2023. The sites and types of defects, intraoperative blood loss, time of flaps preparation, areas of flaps, survival of the flaps and other complications were recorded. Results:A total of 30 patients were enrolled, including 26 males and 4 females, aged 36-82 years. Among them, 22 patients with hypopharyngeal partial defect were repaired （19 patients with ipsilateral defect and 3 patients with contralateral defect）. In addition, 2 patients were repaired with contralateral pectoralis major musculocutaneous flap around the hypopharynx, the neck skin defect was repaired in 2 patients, the parotid skin defect was repaired in 2 patients, the temporal bone skin defect was repaired in 1 patient, and the cervical esophageal defect was repaired in 1 patient. The average blood loss during the operation was 8 ml, and the average time was 32 min. The flap areas ranged from 5.0 cm×4.0 cm to 20.0 cm×8.0 cm. 27 of 30 flaps survived（90.0%）, and pharyngeal fistula occurred in 6 patients after operation（4 flaps survived after local dressing）. One patient was complicated with venous thrombosis（the flap necrosis after local dressing）. Shoulder and neck functions（lift, internal rotation and abduction） were not significantly affected in 29 patients, and the function of 1 patient with shoulder infection was not affected after treatment. Conclusion:Supraclavicular island flap is a highly vascularized axial fascial flap. It is easy to make, thin, and soft in texture, and can be used to repair different sites and types of postoperative head and neck tumor defects with a low donor site complication rate. Good results in post-operative repair of head and neck tumors are worth promoting.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Plastic Surgery Procedures ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin Transplantation ; Soft Tissue Injuries/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome ; Surgical Flaps ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/surgery*

Objective:To explore the mechanism of Tanshinone ⅡA(TⅡA)in improving ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury of H9c2 cardiomyocytes by activating Sirtuin 1(SIRT1)-adenosine 5'-monophosphateactivated protein kinase(AMPK)pathway through miR-155-5p.Methods:H9c2 cells were cultured in vitro and I/R damage model was established.After modeling,H9c2 cells were randomly divided into model group,TⅡA group,TⅡA+miR-NC group,TⅡA+miR-155-5p mimics group,10 μmol/L TⅡA was added for intervention after transfection,and the H9c2 cells supplemented with DMSO were used as control group.qRT-PCR was used to detect expression level of miR-155-5p;MTT method was used to analyze cell proliferation ability;flow cytometry was used to evaluate cell apoptosis;ELISA was used to determine the levels of TNF-α,IL-4,IL-10,IL-17,lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),malo-ndialdehyde(MDA)and superoxide dismutase(SOD);Western blot was used to detect relative expressions of SIRT1,AMPK and p-AMPK proteins.Results:Compared with control group,expression of miR-155-5p in model group was increased,cell viability was decreased,apoptosis rate and expressions of TNF-α,IL-17,LDH and MDA were increased,while expressions of IL-4,IL-10,SOD,SIRT1 and p-AMPK were decreased(P<0.05);compared with model group,expression of miR-155-5p in TⅡA group was reduced,cell viability was increased,apoptosis rate and expressions of TNF-α,IL-17,LDH and MDA were decreased,while expressions of IL-4,IL-10,SOD,SIRT1 and p-AMPK were increased(P<0.05);compared with TⅡA group and TⅡA+miR-NC group,expression of miR-155-5p in TⅡA+miR-155-5p mimics group was increased,cell viability was decreased,apoptosis rate and expressions of TNF-α,IL-17,LDH and MDA were increased,while expressions of IL-4,IL-10,SOD,SIRT1 and p-AMPK were decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion:TⅡA can improve I/R injury of H9c2 cardiomyocytes by down-regulating miR-155-5p,and its mechanism may be related to the activation of SIRT1-AMPK pathway.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the predictive value of overall longitudinal strain for the development of cardiomyopathy without hypertrophic changes. METHODS: Sixty five patients with suspected hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) but without hypertrophic changes were selected. Genetic variant, overall longitudinal strain, left ventricular ejection fraction, end diastolic volume, end systolic volume, interventricular septal thickness, left ventricular diameter and end diastolic diameter were detected. The risk factors of HCM were analyzed. RESULTS: Forty four variants of 16 genes were identified, among which MYBPC3 13659G>A was the commonest (73.20%) and MYH7 13252C>T was the second (31.25%). MYBPC3 GG genotype, overall longitudinal strain and apical longitudinal strain were correlated with HCM (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The increase of longitudinal strain is of great value in predicting the occurrence of HCM.

Objective: To investigate the incidence of occult cervical lymph node metastasis and the common neck level of metastases in cN0 laryngocarcinoma, and the relationship between the clinicopathologic features of laryngocarcinoma and cervical lymph node metastasis. Methods: A total of 506 cases with cN0 laryngocarcinoma treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between March 2011 and March 2018 were enrolled, and their medical records and follow-up data were retrospectively analyzed. Of them, 211 cases of were glottic carcinoma in stage T1 without neck dissection and they were observed by clinical follow-up; other 295 cases, including glottic carcinoma, supraglottic carcinoma and hypopharyngeal carcinoma in stage T2-T4 were treated with surgical resection of the primary lesions and selective neck dissection. SPSS 22.0 software was used to analyze the data. Results: The total incidence of cervical lymph node metastasis was 10.87%(55/506), with a lower incidence in T1 stage glottic carcinoma(6/211,2.84%) than that in other cases(49/295,16.61%). The incidence of cervical lymph node metastasis in glottic carcinoma (29/426, 6.81%) was lower than those in supraglottic carcinoma (22/71,30.99%) and subglottic carcinoma (4/9) (χ²=35.810,P<0.01).The pN+ rates of glottic carcinoma at T1, T2, T3 were 2.84%(6/211), 5.31%(6/113), 16.05%(13/81), and 19.05%(4/21), respectively (χ²=18.572, P<0.01). The pN+ rates of supraglottic carcinoma at T2, T3 and T4 were 3/13, 32.50%(13/40) and 6/13, respectively (χ²=3.649,P>0.05). The incidence of cervical lymph node metastasis in poorly differentiated carcinoma (17/42, 40.48%) was higher than those in moderately differentiated carcinoma (26/205, 12.68%) and high differentiated carcinoma(12/246, 4.88%)(χ²=36.356, P<0.01). Moreover, 85 pN+ lymph nodes were obtained by selective neck dissection, respectively 43(50.59%) in level Ⅱa, 30(35.29%) in level Ⅲ, 1(1.18%) in level Ⅳ and 11(12.94%) in level Ⅵ. Conclusions The occult cervical lymph node metastasis was frequently found in cN0 laryngocarcinoma. Selective neck dissection should be performed with surgery for the primary lesions in T3-T4 glottic laryngeal cancer, T2-T4 supraglottic laryngeal cancer and subglottic carcinoma, and the neck dissection for level Ⅱa and Ⅲ is appropriate. It is required to detect pre-laryngeal and pre-tracheal lymph nodes in patients with subglottic laryngeal carcinoma.

Objective To explore the association of single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP ) in TP53 Arg72Pro (rs1042522) locus with thyroid cancer risk in human. Methods Articles involved in the association between SNP in TP53 Arg72Pro ( rs1042522) locus and thyroid cancer risk were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases, and studies which met the inclusion criteria were included. The meta-analysis, sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, and the assessment of publication-bias were performed by Stata 14. 0 software. The odds ratio ( OR) and their corresponding 95％ Confidence Intervals ( CI) were used to determine the strength of association between SNP in TP53 Arg72Pro locus and thyroid cancer risk. Results Thirteen case-control studies were eligible for this meta-analysis, including 2112 thyroid cancer cases and 4000 control subjects. Overall, mutated homozygous genotype ( Pro/Pro) in TP53 Arg72Pro ( rs1042522) locus was associated with significantly increased thyroid cancer risk(Recessive model, OR=1.78, 95％CI 1.24-2.56, P=0.002), showing a significantly higher Pro mutation frequency among thyroid cancer patients ( Allelic model, OR=1. 35, 95％ CI 1. 12-1. 63, P=0.002). In the stratified analysis, mutated homozygous genotype (Pro/Pro) in TP53 Arg72Pro (rs1042522) locus was only asscociated with significantly increased thyroid cancer risk among Asians, but not among Europeans and South Americans;mutated homozygous genotype ( Pro/Pro) in TP53 Arg72Pro ( rs1042522) locus was asscociated with significantly increased risk of papillary thyroid carcinomas ( PTC) among total population, but not medullary thyroid carcinomas. Conclusion There is a significant association between TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism in TP53 and thyroid cancer risk, and the mutated homozygous genotype ( Pro/Pro) in this locus of TP53 maybe a risk factor for thyroid carcinoma among Asians.

Multidisciplinary team is the basic model of modern head and neck oncology treatment. We try to integrated multimedia presentation in multidisciplinary head and neck oncology clinical teaching. Through building a multidisciplinary platform for discussion , on the basis of teacher's instruction and student's self-learning, we integrate the related knowledge with multimedia presentation and computer net-work to guide the learning of core knowledge and key problems of head and neck cancer, thus forming a new clinical teaching mode combining theory study with practice training. In the process of implementation, we should pay attention to arranging the learning tasks in advance, and highlight the key learning content in the multidisciplinary discussion, so as to improve the students' interest and enthusiasm in learning.

Objective To investigate certain risk factors for postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) in elderly patients with coronary heart disease after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB)surgery in order to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of AF after OPCAB.Methods A total of 139 elderly patients with coronary heart disease who had undergone OPCAB surgery in our hospital were collected as research subjects and divided into the AF group and the nonAF group according to the occurrence of AF after operation.The patients' general information and clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.Risk factors for AF after OPCAB surgery in elderly patients with coronary heart disease were investigated.Results The incidence of AF after OPCAB was 15.8％ in elderly patients with coronary heart disease.There were no statistical differences in gender,history of diabetes,history of myocardial infarction,preoperative β-blocker usage,number of coronary artery lesions,or operation time between the AF group and the non-AF group (P＞0.05).The percentage of patients who were of older age (t=9.960) or had a left ventricular ejection fraction ≥40％ (x2=4.942),a left atrial diameter ≥40 mm (x2 =4.491),a history of hypertension (x2 =12.357),dopamine medication after operation (x2 =8.511),or a bypass vessel count≥ 3 (x2 =5.385) was higher in the AF group than in the non-AF group (all P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that age,history of hypertension,dopamine medication after operation,left atrial diameter and bypass vessel count were the risk factors for AF after OPCAB surgery in elderly patients with coronary heart disease (OR 3.080,2.435,2.465,3.593,and 1.921,respectively,P＜0.05 for all).Conclusions The incidence of AF after OPCAB is high in elderly patients with coronary heart disease and is affected by many risk factors.These risk factors should be assessed before surgery so that appropriate prevention measures can be taken.