As a new type of model organism， zebrafish is gradually gaining prominence in the field of scientific research. The unique biological characteristics and advantages of zebrafish make them play an increasingly important role in the quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine. Compared with other common experimental animals， zebrafish have a fast reproductive and growth speed and high embryo transparency， making them an ideal model for evaluating the quality of traditional Chinese medicine. This provides a new perspective and method for research on traditional Chinese medicine. With the growing global interest in traditional Chinese medicine， it has become crucial to find scientific and accurate methods to evaluate the quality and effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine. The introduction of the zebrafish model has brought new breakthroughs in the quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine. To further promote the application of zebrafish in evaluating the quality of traditional Chinese medicine， this article systematically searched and sorted out the previous studies related to the application of zebrafish for this purpose since 2023. The commonly used disease models and indicators of zebrafish in evaluating the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine， as well as the mechanism of zebrafish in exploring the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine， were primarily reviewed. The application of zebrafish in evaluating the safety of traditional Chinese medicine and the typical examples in ensuring the quality of traditional Chinese medicine were demonstrated. The limitations encountered by zebrafish models in evaluating the quality of traditional Chinese medicine were highlighted. The resolution of these problems will help further improve the accuracy and reliability of zebrafish in evaluating the quality of traditional Chinese medicine. The article discussed the evaluation of effectiveness， safety， and quality control of zebrafish applied in traditional Chinese medicine， so as to provide a reference for establishing standards for traditional Chinese medicine and promoting its modernization in the future.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety/efficacy of compound Kushen injection （CKI） by zebrafish model and explore the possible mechanism. MethodsZebrafish were exposed to different concentrations of CKI solution， and the mortality rate after 24 h was calculated. After exposure to sublethal concentration （10） and safe dose concentration （0） for 24 h， the safety of CKI was evaluated based on acridine orange staining for the liver， liver area changes， and liver histological sections. The inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） model of zebrafish was established with 2，4，6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid sol （TNBS）. The efficacy of CKI in the treatment of IBD was evaluated by the changes in the area of neutral red staining， the number of neutrophils， the area of alcian blue staining， and the contents of tight junction protein （Occludin）， zonula occludens-1 （ZO-1）， tumor necrosis factor（TNF）-α， and prostaglandin E₂（PGE₂） in the intestine of zebrafish. The mechanism of CKI in the treatment of IBD was predicted by network pharmacology and verified by real-time polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR）. ResultsIn the safety evaluation， compared with the blank group， the sublethal concentration of CKI could cause liver cell apoptosis， liver area reduction， loose and disordered arrangement of liver cell structure， obvious vacuolation， and other pathological characteristics of zebrafish， while these indicators showed no significant changes under safe dose conditions. In the effectiveness evaluation， compared with the model group， the safe dose of CKI could increase the neutral red staining area of the intestine in a dose-dependent manner and improve the intestinal phagocytosis function. It could reduce the accumulation of intestinal neutrophils， increase the alcian blue staining area， enhance intestinal goblet cell secretion， improve the contents of Occludin and ZO-1， and decrease the contents of TNF-α and PGE₂. Network pharmacology analysis identified 288 potential targets for CKI treatment of IBD. The top five targets obtained by protein-protein interaction （PPI） network analysis were epidermal growth factor receptor A（EGFRA）， protein kinase B1（Akt1）， heat shock protein 90（HSP90AA1）， homologous oncogene of avian sarcoma virus（SRC）， and protooncogene （JUN）. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes（KEGG） results showed that CKI may be related to the Wnt signaling pathway and cholinergic synaptic pathway in the treatment of IBD， and Real-time PCR results verified the above pathways. ConclusionExcessive use of CKI can induce obvious liver injury in zebrafish， while the rational use of CKI does not cause obvious toxic reactions and can achieve a therapeutic effect on IBD by regulating the Wnt pathway.

ObjectiveBased on the zebrafish model， the hepatotoxicity and anti-osteoporotic activity of evodiamine （EVO） were studied. The mechanism of EVO in treating osteoporosis was explored by using network pharmacology and real-time polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR）. MethodsThree days after fertilization （3 dpf）， zebrafish were randomly selected and exposed to different concentrations of EVO solution for 96 hours. The mortality rate of zebrafish at different concentrations was calculated at the exposure endpoint， and a "dose-toxicity" curve was drawn. The 10% lethal concentration （LC₁₀） was calculated. Liver phenotype， acridine orange staining， and pathological tissue sections of liver-transgenic zebrafish ［CZ16 （gz15Tg.Tg （fabp 10a： ds Red； ela31： EGFP））］ were used to confirm hepatotoxicity of EVO. On this basis， prednisolone was used to create a model of osteoporosis in zebrafish. The skull development， area of the skull stained by alizarin red， and cumulative optical density were used as indicators to evaluate the anti-osteoporotic activity of EVO in a safe dose. Based on network pharmacology， the mechanism of action of EVO in the treatment of osteoporosis was predicted and verified through Real-time PCR. ResultsThe LC₁₀ of EVO on zebrafish （7 dpf） was determined to be 0.4 mg·L^-1. Compared with the control group， sublethal concentrations （10=0.36 mg·L^-1 and 1/2LC₁₀=0.18 mg·L^-1） significantly decreased the fluorescence area of zebrafish liver （P<0.05，P<0.01） and increased the number of liver cell apoptosis. The arrangement of liver tissue was disordered and loose， and the vacuole was obvious， especially in the 0.36 mg·L^-1 group. Compared with the control group， under safe dose conditions， 0.08 and 0.02 mg·L^-1 of EVO had no significant effect on the liver. Prednisolone administration significantly reduced the mineralization area and cumulative optical density of zebrafish skulls （P<0.01） compared with the control group. The mineralization area and cumulative optical density of zebrafish skulls in the 0.08 and 0.02 mg·L^-1 groups of EVO were significantly increased compared with the model group （P<0.01）. Network pharmacology prediction suggested that EVO may regulate key targets such as avian sarcoma viral oncogene homolog （SRC）， signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3）， interleukin-8 （CXCL8） and tyrosine kinase receptor 2 （ERBB2） to regulate signaling pathways related to lipid and atherosclerosis in diabetic complications， as well as the regulation of inflammatory mediators of tryptophan （TRP） channels. Real-time PCR experiment results indicated that EVO could regulate the above-mentioned targets， as well as genes related to osteoblasts and osteoclasts. ConclusionExcessive doses of EVO can lead to hepatotoxicity in zebrafish. Under safe dosage conditions， EVO can regulate relevant targets to exert anti-osteoporotic activity， providing a reference for the clinical safe use of EVO and ideas for the development of new drugs for osteoporosis.

[摘 要] 目的：评估放疗作为原位疫苗的联合治疗模式在晚期软组织肉瘤（STS）患者中的有效性和安全性。方法：回顾性分析2020年12月至2024年9月期间在南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院肿瘤中心接受联合治疗模式的12例晚期STS患者的临床资料。12例患者均接受了联合治疗。放疗主要以大分割为主。靶向治疗：安罗替尼10例、阿帕替尼2例。免疫治疗以PD-1抗体为主。主要研究终点为疾病控制率（DCR），次要研究终点为客观有效率（ORR）及安全性。结果：接受联合治疗的12例STS患者中有0例CR，4例PR，7例SD，1例PD。ORR为33%，DCR为91.7%，其中靶病灶的DCR为100%。12例患者中，9例出现Ⅰ~Ⅱ级不良反应。最常发生的血液学不良反应是贫血（6例）、肝功能检查结果异常（3例）。最常发生的非血液学不良反应是尿蛋白（5例）、高血压（4例）、甲状腺功能异常（3例）、厌食（3例）、恶心呕吐（2例）；仅2例发生Ⅲ级血液毒性，有1例发生Ⅲ级气胸。结论：放疗作为原位疫苗的联合治疗模式在晚期STS患者中展现出较高的DCR，且未出现严重不良反应。该联合治疗模式具有良好的有效性与安全性。

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of apatinib combined with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the treatment of malignant solid tumors. METHODS Randomized controlled trials （RCTs） on apatinib combined with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors （combination group） versus monotherapy （apatinib or PD-1/PD-L1）combined with （or） chemotherapy/other treatments （control group） in the treatment of malignant solid tumors were collected from PubMed， Web of Science， Embase， Cochrane Library， CNKI， VIP， Wanfang Data and China Biomedical Literature Database. The search time limit was from the establishment of the databases to May 2025. After literature screening， data extraction and literature quality evaluation， meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 14.0. RESULTS A total of 28 RCTs involving 2 974 patients were included. The objective response rate [RR＝1.639， 95%CI（1.452，1.851）， P＜0.000 01]， disease control rate [RR＝1.284， 95%CI（1.178，1.399）， P＜0.000 01] and CD3+， CD4+， CD4+/CD8+ as well as the incidence of ADR such as hypertension， fatigue， proteinuria， thrombocytopenia were significantly higher in the combination group than control group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.000 01）. The progressive disease rate [RR＝ 0.497， 95%CI（0.437， 0.566）， P＜0.000 01] and serum tumor + marker levels and CD8 were significantly lower in the combination group than control group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.000 01）. Subgroup analysis results of different types of tumors showed that the objective response rate and disease control rate were significantly higher in the combination group than control group （P＜0.05）. The results of sensitivity analysis showed that the stability of this study was good. The results of publication bias analysis showed that there was a high possibility of publication bias in this study. CONCLUSIONS Apatinib combined with PD-1/ PD-L1 inhibitors has a significant efficacy in the treatment of different types of tumors， but attention should be paid to the occurrence of hypertension， fatigue， proteinuria and thrombocytopenia.

In situ tumor vaccine has become an important strategy in cancer immunotherapy owing to its ability to induce immune responses locally and overcome tumor heterogeneity. However, the abnormal structure and mechanical properties of the tumor’s physical microenvironment significantly limit the efficiency of vaccine delivery and immune efficacy. In this review, the key factors in the tumor’s physical microenvironment, including solid pressure, interstitial fluid pressure, matrix stiffness, and tissue microstructure, are systematically discussed. Their obstructive roles in immune cell infiltration, antigen presentation, and immune activation are analyzed. The potential of approaches, such as radiotherapy, anti-angiogenic therapy, extracellular matrix degradation agents, nanomaterials, and hydrogel delivery platforms, in reshaping the tumor’s physical microenvironment is explored. This review aims to offer theoretical and practical guidance for optimizing in situ vaccine strategies through the regulation of the tumor’s physical microenvironment, ultimately advancing the precision and effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy.

AIM: To explore the prevalence and influencing factors of poor vision among 3 014 primary school students in Wucheng District, Jinhua City, in order to provide evidence for the intervention measures of poor vision.METHODS: Using a cross-sectional study, a self-designed questionnaire was done, including general conditions and influencing factors of vision. The international standard logarithmic visual acuity chart was used for visual acuity detection. The risk factors that were statistically significant among the single factor groups were used as independent variables for multivariate Logistic regression analysis.RESULTS: A total of 1 367 students with poor vision were detected, the detection rate was 45.36%, among which mild poor vision rare was 26.08%; moderate rate was 11.51%; and severe rate was 7.76%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that senior grades, parental myopia, daily insufficient sleep and outdoor activity, overuse of electronics or computers and no eye exercise were risk factors for poor vision.CONCLUSION: The rate of poor vision among the primary school students was severe, schools should take measures to improve and prevent students' poor vision by increasing outdoor activity time, correcting poor reading and writing posture, and reducing the time spent on electronic products.

Objective To investigate the potential effect and mechanism of curcumin in inhibiting synaptic injury in the cortex of rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham-operated group, model group, low-dose curcumin (50 mg/kg) group, and high-dose curcumin (100 mg/kg) group. A model of middle cerebral artery occlusion for 2 hours and reperfusion for 24 hours was constructed, and curcumin was administered. Based on the neurological function score, the effects of curcumin on cerebral infarct volume, synaptic ultrastructure changes, inflammatory cell infiltration, and the expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1, Synapsin1, and CAMKⅡ were observed after the end of the animal treatment. Results The neurological function scores were 0, 3.25±0.43, 2.50±0.50, and 1.50±0.50 for the sham-operated group, model group, low-dose curcumin group, and high-dose curcumin group, respectively. The percentage of cerebral infarct volume was 0, (38.89±2.21)%, (33.48±1.77)%, and (23.69±2.19)%, respectively. Compared with the sham operation group, the model group had severe synaptic ultrastructure damage, extensive inflammatory cell infiltration, significantly increased expression of Caspase-1 and NLRP3 (P < 0.5), and significantly decreased expression of Synapsin1 and CAMKⅡ (P < 0.5). Curcumin treatment significantly inhibited synaptic damage, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, decreased the expression of Caspase-1 and NLRP3 (P < 0.5), and increased the expression of Synapsin1 and CAMKII (P < 0.5), when compared with the model group. Conclusion Ischemia-reperfusion-mediated synaptic injury in rat brain triggers an inflammatory response in cortical nerve cells, and curcumin alleviates synaptic damage and reduces brain injury by inhibiting inflammatory factor levels.

Background At present, the practice of pulmonary rehabilitation for pneumoconiosis in China is in a primary stage. The basis for formulating an individualized comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation plan is still insufficient, which is one of the factors limiting the development of community-level rehabilitation work. Objective To formulate an exercise prescription based on maximum heart rate measured by cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), conduct an individualized comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation program with the exercise prescription for patients with stable pneumoconiosis, and evaluate its role in improving exercise endurance and quality of life, thus provide a basis for the application and promotion of pulmonary rehabilitation. Methods A total of 68 patients were recruited from the Occupational Disease Prevention Hospital of Jinneng Holding Coal Industry Group Co., Ltd. from April to August 2022 , and were divided into an intervention group and a control group by random number table method, with 34 cases in each group. All the pneumoconiosis patients participated in a baseline test. The control group was given routine drug treatment, while the intervention group received multidisciplinary comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation treatment on the basis of routine drug treatment, including health education, breathing training, exercise training, nutrition guidance, psychological intervention, and sleep management, whose exercise intensity was determined according to the maximum heart rate provided by CPET. The rehabilitation training lasted for 24 weeks. Patients were evaluated at registration and the end of study respectively. CPET was used to measure peak oxygen uptake per kilogram (pVO₂/kg), anaerobic threshold (AT), carbon dioxide equivalent of ventilation (EqCO₂), maximum metabolic equivalent (METs), and maximum work (W_max). The modified British Medical Research Council Dyspnea Questionnaire (mMRC), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Assessment Test (CAT), and Short Form of Health Survey (SF-36) were used to evaluate the potential effect of the comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation program. Results Among the included 68 patients, 63 patients were having complete data, then 31 cases were assigned in the control group and 32 cases in the interventional group. Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in pVO₂/kg, AT, EqCO₂, METs, or W_max between the two groups (P>0.05). At the end of the trail, the indicators like pVO₂/kg [(19.81±2.38) mL·(min·kg)⁻¹], AT [(14.48±2.33) mL·(min·kg)⁻¹], METs (5.64±0.69), and W_max [(85.25±14) W] of patients in the intervention group were all higher than those [(13.90±2.37) mL·(min·kg)⁻¹, (11.70±1.94) mL·(min kg)⁻¹, (3.97±0.70), and (61.77±14.72) W, respectively] in the control group (P<0.001); there was no significant difference in EqCO₂ between the two groups (P=0.083). Before the trial, there was no significant difference in mMRC, SAS, SDS, PSQI, or CAT scores between the two groups (P>0.05). At the end of the trail, the mMRC score (1.16±0.57), SAS score (27.93±2.12), SDS score (26.48±1.44), PSQI score (1.08±0.88), and CAT score (4.34±3.28) of patients in the intervention group were lower than those [(2.03±0.83), (35.87±6.91), (34.23±6.65), (5.37±3.03), and (13.87±7.53), respectively] in the control group (P<0.001). The SF-36 scores of bodily pain (94.13±10.72), general health (87.50±5.68), vitality (95.31±5.53), mental health (99.88±0.71), and health changes (74.22±4.42) in the intervention group were higher than those [(71.87±32.72), (65.81±15.55), (74.52±16.45), (86.97±16.56), and (29.84±13.50), respectively] in the control group (P<0.001), and no significant difference was found in social functioning and role emotional scores (P>0.05). Conclusion Comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation can increase the oxygen intake and exercise endurance of pneumoconiosis patients, ameliorate dyspnea symptoms, elevate psychological state and sleep quality, and improve the quality of life.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect and mechanism of the alcoholic extract from Scabiosa comosa against hepatic fibrosis （HF）. METHODS Intragastrical administration of carbon tetrachloride was given to induce HF model. By observing the pathological changes in liver tissue， mRNA and protein expressions of HF indexes [α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA）， collagen type Ⅰ] and phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） pathway-related factors were detected， and the improvement effects and possible mechanism of low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose （50， 100， 200 mg/kg） of alcoholic extract from S. comosa on HF model rats were investigated. Drug-containing serum was prepared by intragastrical administration of alcoholic extract from S. comosa at a concentration of 1 800 mg/（kg·d） （calculated by the amount of raw material）. The effects of drug- containing serum of alcoholic extract from S. comosa on the expression of miRNA-21 were observed through the intervention of HSC-T6 cells with low， medium and high concentrations of drug-containing serum of alcoholic extract from S. comosa （diluted to 10%， 15%， 20%）. miRNA-21 mimics or inhibitors were used to transfect HSC-T6 cells， and the mRNA and protein expressions of factors related to the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway were detected. RESULTS The results of in vivo experiments showed that low， medium and high doses of alcoholic extract from S. comosa significantly ameliorated the histopathological changes in liver tissue of HF rats， and the percentage of collagen was significantly reduced （P＜0.01）； mRNA and protein expressions of the indicators related to HF as well as PI3K and Akt were significantly reduced （P＜0.01）， and mRNA and protein expressions of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten （PTEN） were increased in liver tissue of rats （P＜0.01）. The results of in vitro experiments showed that drug-containing serum of alcoholic extract from S. comosa significantly inhibited the expression of miRNA-21 at low， medium and high concentrations （P＜0.01）； whereas after transfection with miRNA-21 mimics， it was found that miRNA-21 mimics significantly increased mRNA and protein expressions of PI3K and Akt （P＜0.01）， while significantly decreased mRNA and protein expressions of PTEN （P＜0.01）； after transfection with miRNA-21 inhibitor， the changes of above indexes were opposite to the above results （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Alcoholic extracts of S. comosa may inhibit the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by affecting the expression of miRNA-21， so as to achieve the effect of anti-hepatic fibrosis.