ObjectiveBy comparing the composition and content of volatile components in raw products， wine-washed products and wine-fried products of Ligusticum sinense cv. Chaxiong rhizome（LSCR）， to investigate the influence of wine processing on the volatile components of LSCR， in order to provide a basis for the development of quality standards for LSCR and its processed products. MethodsElectronic nose was used to identify the odors of LSCR， wine-washed and wine-fried LSCR， and their volatile components were detected by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（HS-GC-MS）， and the relative mass fractions of these components were determined by peak area normalization method. Principal component analysis（PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） were performed on the obtained sample data by SIMCA 14.1 software， and the differential components of LSCR， wine-washed and wine-fried LSCR were screened according to the variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between volatile differential flavor components and electronic nose sensors. ResultsElectronic nose detection results showed that there were significant differences in the odors of LSCR， wine-washed and wine-fried LSCR， mainly reflected in the sensors S2， S4， S5， S6， S11， S12， S13. And a total of 62 compounds were identified from LSCR and its wine-processed products， among which 46， 50 and 51 compounds were identified from LSCR， wine-fried and wine-washed LSCR， respectively. There were 21 differential components between the raw products and wine-fried products， of which 10 components were increased and 11 were decreased after processing. There were 20 differential components between the raw products and wine-washed products， of which 11 constituents increased and 9 decreased after processing. There were 17 differential components between the wine-wash products and wine-fried products. Compared with the wine-washed products， the contents of 13 components in the wine-fried products increased， and the contents of 4 components decreased. The increasing trend of the content of phthalides in the wine-washed products was more obvious than that in the wine-fried products， but the content of total volatile components was higher in the wine-fried products than the wine-washed products. Correlation analysis showed that there were different degrees of correlation between the 7 differential sensors of electronic nose and 24 differential volatile components， mainly phthalides and olefins. ConclusionThe odor and the content of volatile components in LSCR changed obviously after wine processing， and n-butylphthalide， Z-butylidenephthalide and E-ligustilide can be used as the candidate differential markers of volatile components in LSCR before and after wine processing.

Glaucoma is a group of optic nerve disorders characterized by progressive optic nerve atrophy and visual field defects, which can lead to irreversible blindness. Early diagnosis of glaucoma is essential for preventing visual loss. However, due to the absence of obvious early symptoms, the diagnosis of glaucoma remains challenging. Visual electrophysiological examinations, an objective approach for evaluating visual function, have the potential to be used in the early diagnosis of glaucoma. This review integrates the latest publications to introduce visual electrophysiological examination techniques, including electroretinography(ERG)and visual evoked potential(VEP). It also explores the mechanisms underlying these techniques and their application value in the early diagnosis of glaucoma. In addition, this review summarizes the advantages, limitations, and applicable scenarios of different visual electrophysiological techniques. Finally, the review provides an outlook on the development prospects of visual electrophysiological techniques in the early diagnosis of glaucoma. The findings of this review can assist clinicians in selecting appropriate diagnostic methods, promote the innovation and development of early visual electrophysiological diagnostic techniques for glaucoma, and contribute to reducing the risk of blindness caused by glaucoma.

Objective To analyze the relationship between neuroticism and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) using the Mendelian randomization (MR) method. Methods Exposure and outcome data were downloaded from the Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) database in August 2023, including summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for neuroticism (n=374 323) and GERD (n=602 604). MR was conducted using the weighted median method, MR-Egger method, inverse variance weighted method, weighted mode method, and simple mode method. The causal relationship between the two was assessed using odds ratio (OR), and sensitivity analyses were performed to ensure the accuracy of the results. Results Neuroticism was associated with an increased risk of GERD [OR=1.229, 95%CI (1.186, 1.274), P<0.001]. Similarly, GERD was associated with an increased risk of neuroticism [OR=1.786, 95%CI (1.623, 1.965), P<0.001]. Conclusion There is a bidirectional causal relationship between neuroticism and gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Objective:To construct a double-layer bone-on-a-chip containing bone matrix, with which the process of osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation in vitro is stimulated, aiming to provide a new platform for the development of osteoporosis medications. Methods:Software WorkSoild was used to design the double-layer and double-channel bone-on-a-chip and the template was fabricated by photolithography. With polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the raw material, the main body of the chip was prepared by mold fabrication. The inlets and outlets of the four channels of the culture room were separated with bovine cortex bones and sealed with liquid storage columns. In the chip verification experiment, chips were divided into osteogenic and osteoclastic induction groups and osteogenic and osteoclastic control groups. In the osteogenic and osteoclastic induction groups, precursor cells of mouse embryonic osteoblast, MC3T3-E1 and mouse macrophage RAW264.7 were inoculated on the chip separately. Osteogenic induction lasted 14 days and osteoclastic induction 7 days. MC3T3-E1 cells and RAW264.7 cells were not induced in the osteogenic and osteoclastic control groups. The following indicators were observed: (1) Appearance and sealing performance of the chip: After the chip was prepared, photos were taken to observe its appearance and sealing tests were conducted to observe its sealing performance. (2) Biocompatibility: At 3 days after MC3T3-E1 cells were inoculated onto the chip and cultured and at 1, 3 and 5 days after RAW264.7 cells were inoculated onto the chip and cultured, the cell survival was observed with calcein acetoxymethyl ester/propidium iodide (AM/PI) staining and Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8). (3) Osteogenic differentiation: Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and alizarin red staining were performed on the cells in the osteogenic induction group to observe the osteogenic induction. RNA was collected from the osteogenic induction group and the osteogenic control group, the expression of osteoblast marker Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteocalcin (OCN) and type I collagen (COL1A1) was detected by real-time florescent quantitative PCR (qPCR), and the differentiation degree and osteogenic ability of osteoblasts were observed. (4) Osteoclast differentiation: tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was performed on cells in the osteoclastic induction group to observe osteoclast differentiation. RNA was extracted from the osteoclastic induction group and the osteoclastic control group for qPCR of osteoclast differentiation-related genes, and the expression levels of the osteoclast marker gene TRAP, cathepsin K (CTSK) and dendritic cell specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP) were detected.Results:The double-layer bone-on-a-chip containing bone matrix was 3 cm×3 cm in size and transparent as a whole. The structure of the system on the chip system was compact and had no seepage. It was shown by calcein AM/PI staining that at 3 days after MC3T3-E1 cells and RAW264.7 cells were cultured, very few red fluorescent dead cells were found. CCK-8 test showed that within 5 days after being cultured, the cell viability was all above 90%, indicating that the biocompatibility of the chip was good and the cells could survive and proliferate normally. The results of ALP and alizarin red staining showed that MC3T3-E1 cells successfully differentiated into osteoblasts and produced calcified nodules in the osteogenic induction group at 14 days after the induction. The qPCR results showed that the relative expression level of RUNX2 in MC3T3-E1 cells in the osteogenic induction group was 4.98±0.74, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (0.99±0.03) ( P<0.01). The relative expression level of OCN in MC3T3-E1 cells was 7.98±0.76, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (1.00±0.06) ( P<0.01). The relative expression level of COL1A1 in MC3T3-E1 cells was 7.07±0.56, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (0.97±0.03) ( P<0.01). The TRAP staining results showed that the RAW264.7 cells in the osteoclastic induction group differentiated to giant multinucleated osteoclasts, and TRAP protein was expressed in large quantity in the osteoclasts. The results of qPCR showed that the relative expression level of TRAP in RAW264.7 cells in the osteoclastic induction group was 3.35±0.37, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (1.01±0.06) ( P<0.01). The relative expression level of CTSK in RAW264.7 cells was 3.46±0.79, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (1.01±0.05) ( P<0.01). The relative expression level of DC-STAMP in RAW264.7 cells was 1.92±0.12, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (0.98±0.08) ( P<0.01). Conclusions:The double-layer bone-on-a-chip containing bone matrix is compact in structure, can be cultured in vitro for a long time, has good biocompatibility and can be used for inducing osteogenic and osteoclast differentiation. Therefore, it is expected to provide a new research platform for exploring the mechanism of osteoporosis and medication screening.

Cognitive dysfunction caused by blast traumatic brain injury (bTBI) is a serious neurological disease with high incidence, serious condition and poor prognosis. bTBI can lead to a series of symptoms such as short-term memory loss, inattention or multi-tasking difficulties. In severe cases, bTBI can develop into Alzheimer′s disease, which has a great impact on patients′ normal work and life. At present, researches on cognitive dysfunction caused by bTBI mainly involve model construction, pathogenesis, pathophysiological changes, diagnosis and treatment, etc., and the molecular mechanism of its occurrence remains to be further studied. Under normal physiological conditions, the release of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, the release and uptake of Ca 2+, oxidation and antioxidant systems, and the promotion and inhibition of apoptosis are in a dynamic balance. bTBI disturbs the balance, which will lead to the damage of nerve cells at the molecular level, thus resulting in the occurrence of cognitive dysfunction. To this end, the authors summarized the aspects of excitatory toxicity and Ca 2+homeostasis disorder, oxidative stress, inflammation and edema, apoptosis, etc., and reviewed the research progress on the molecular mechanism of cognitive dysfunction caused by bTBI, so as to provide a reference for the treatment and rehabilitation of cognitive dysfunction in patients with bTBI.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and mutation spectrum of monogenic diseases in Chinese population through a large-scale,multicenter carrier screening.Methods This study was conducted among a total of 33 104 participants(16 610 females)from 12 clinical centers across China.Carrier status for 223 genes was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing and different PCR methods.Results The overall combined carrier frequency was 55.58%for 197 autosomal genes and 1.84%for 26 X-linked genes in these participants.Among the 16 669 families,874 at-risk couples(5.24%)were identified.Specifically,584 couples(3.50%)were at risk for autosomal genes,306(1.84%)for X-linked genes,and 16 for both autosomal and X-linked genes.The most frequently detected autosomal at-risk genes included GJB2(autosomal recessive deafness type 1A,393 couples),HBA1/HBA2(α-thalassemia,36 couples),PAH(phenylketonuria,14 couples),and SMN1(spinal muscular atrophy,14 couples).The most frequently detected X-linked at-risk genes were G6PD(G6PD deficiency,236 couples),DMD(Duchenne muscular dystrophy,23 couples),and FMR1(fragile X syndrome,17 couples).After excluding GJB2 c.109G>A,the detection rate of at-risk couples was 3.91%(651/16 669),which was lowered to 1.72%(287/16 669)after further excluding G6PD.The theoretical incidence rate of severe monogenic birth defects was approximately 4.35‰(72.5/16 669).Screening for a battery of the top 22 most frequent genes in the at-risk couples could detect over 95%of at-risk couples,while screening for the top 54 genes further increased the detection rate to over 99%.Conclusion This study reveals the carrier frequencies of 223 monogenic genetic disorders in the Chinese population and provides evidence for carrier screening strategy development and panel design tailored to the Chinese population.In carrier testing,genetic counseling for specific genes or gene variants can be challenging,and the couples need to be informed of these difficulties before testing and provided with options for not screening these genes or gene variants.

Objective To explore the effect of the POC CLOUD intelligent management platform on the training of resi-dent doctors with the principles and operation of various point-of-care testing(POCT)instruments to develop quality control man-agement skills and ensure result accuracy.Methods In alignment with Standardized Training Content and Standards for Resi-dent Trainees(2022 Edition and the development of POCT teaching in departments,the POC CLOUD platform was employed to provide information-based and standardized training for resident trainees.Results The POC CLOUD platform standardized resi-dent trainees'qualifications for operating POCT instruments and facilitated a quick understanding of the instruments'status in ro-tating departments.This approach enhanced resident trainees'learning and quality control management skills,enabling them to analyze and review test results effectively.Conclusion POCT teaching method based on the POC CLOUD platform systematical-ly develops resident trainees'operational and quality control abilities,ensuring the accuracy and reliability of test results and im-proving the overall quality of resident trainees.

Objective:To analyze the efficacy of allo-HSCT with total body irradiation (TBI) and chemotherapy alone in the treatment of adult ALL and to explore the factors affecting prognosis.Methods:The clinical data of 95 adult patients with ALL who underwent allo-HSCT from January 2015 to August 2022 were included. According to the conditioning regimen, the patients were divided into two groups: the TBI plus cyclophosphamide (TBI/Cy) group ( n=53) and the busulfan plus cyclophosphamide (Bu/Cy) group ( n=42). Hematopoietic reconstitution after transplantation, GVHD, transplantation-related complications, relapse rate (RR), non-relapse mortality (NRM), OS, and LFS were compared, and the factors related to prognosis were analyzed. Results:The median time of neutrophil engraftment was 14 (10-25) days in the TBI/Cy group and 14 (10-24) days in the Bu/Cy group ( P=0.106). The median time of megakaryocyte engraftment was 17 (10-42) days in the TBI/Cy group and 19 (11-42) days in the Bu/Cy group ( P=0.488). The incidence of grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ acute GVHD (aGVHD) in the TBI/Cy and Bu/Cy groups was 41.5% and 35.7%, respectively ( P=0.565). The incidence of grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ aGVHD in these two groups was 24.5% and 4.8%, respectively ( P=0.009). The incidence of severe chronic GVHD in the two groups was 16.7% and 13.5%, respectively ( P=0.689). The incidence of cytomegalovirus infection, Epstein-Barr virus infection, severe infection, and hemorrhagic cystitis in the two groups was 41.5% and 35.7% ( P=0.565), 34.0% and 35.7% ( P=0.859), 43.4% and 33.3% ( P=0.318), and 20.8% and 50.0% ( P=0.003), respectively. The median follow-up time was 37.1 months and 53.3 months in the TBI/Cy and Bu/Cy groups, respectively. The 2-year cumulative RR was 17.0% in the TBI/Cy group and 42.9% in the Bu/Cy group ( P=0.017). The 2-year cumulative NRM was 24.5% and 7.1%, respectively ( P=0.120). The 2-year LFS was 58.5% and 50.0%, respectively ( P=0.466). The 2-year OS rate was 69.8% and 64.3%, respectively ( P=0.697). In the multivariate analysis, the conditioning regimen containing TBI was a protective factor for relapse after transplantation ( HR=0.304, 95% CI 0.135-0.688, P=0.004), whereas the effect on NRM was not significant ( HR=1.393, 95% CI 0.355-5.462, P=0.634). Infection was an independent risk factor for OS after allo-HSCT in adult patients with ALL. Conclusion:allo-HSCT based on TBI conditioning regimen had lower relapse rate and lower incidence of hemorrhagic cystitis for adult ALL, compared with chemotherapy regimen. While the incidence o grade Ⅲ/Ⅳ aGVHD was hgher in TBI conditioning regimen than that in chemotherapy regimen.

Case 1: A 27-year-old female with ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma/leukemia; Case 2: A 27-year-old male with acute myeloid leukemia; Case 3: A 56-year-old male with myelodysplastic syndrome. These three patients underwent haploid hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and experienced severe oral mucosal inflammation, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and other symptoms over a long period, which significantly restricted eating. Neurological and psychiatric symptoms appeared at 50, 38, and 50 days following transplantation, respectively. The diagnosis of Wernicke encephalopathy was made by head magnetic resonance imaging, whereas the condition improved significantly after intravenous infusion of vitamin B 1.

This study investigated the etiological characteristics and whole genome sequencing of clostridium perfringens (CP) from a food poisoning outbreak. Multiplex real-time PCR was employed to screen pathogens in collected samples. Based on the preliminary screening results, the isolation, cultivation, and identification of suspected pathogenic CP bacteria were performed. The nucleic acid tests were conducted for CP-related virulence genes on CP isolates, anal swab specimens and food samples. The molecular typing of CP isolates was analyzed by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). A phylogenetic tree was established to analyze nucleotide and amino acid homology after sequencing the PLC gene. The whole genome sequencing and gene annotation on the representative strain QD2022FB4-CP4 were performed to explore its drug resistance, toxin genes and biological characteristics. The analysis revealed that the food poisoning was triggered by F-type Clostridium perfringens, which infected the consumers by contaminating‘roujiamo’ sandwiches. The whole genome sequencing of the strain QD2022FB4-CP found that it had active metabolic processes, multiple virulence genes and multidrug resistance characteristics.