Objective:To study the clinical characteristics of ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) infection in preterm infants with gestational age <34 weeks.Methods:From January 2017 to December 2021, premature infants with gestational age <34 weeks admitted to neonatal department of our hospital were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. UU-DNA from respiratory tract samples were examined using quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction method. The infants were assigned into UU (+) group and UU (-) group. Perinatal factors and clinical characteristics were compared between the two groups.Results:A total of 182 preterm infants were enrolled, including 59 cases (32.4%) in UU (+) group and 123 (67.6%) in UU (-) group. UU (+) group had significantly lower gestational age and birth weight and significantly higher incidences of vaginal delivery, premature rupture of membranes (PROM) >18 h and maternal chorioamnionitis than UU (-) group ( P<0.05). Compared with UU (-) group, UU (+) group had significantly higher leucocyte count, neutrophil count and interleukin-6 at 1, 24 and 72 h after birth ( P<0.05). No significant differences existed in C-reactive protein and procalcitonin between the two groups at each time point ( P>0.05). In UU (+) group, the incidences of intrauterine pulmonary infection and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) were higher and the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome was lower than UU (-) group ( P<0.05). No significant differences existed in the incidences of intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, feeding intolerance, necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity between the two groups ( P>0.0 5). UU (+) group had significantly longer duration of oxygen therapy than UU (-) group ( P<0.05). No significant differences existed in the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation and hospital stay between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Preterm infants <34 weeks with positive UU in respiratory tract secretions have higher incidences of vaginal delivery, PROM>18 h and maternal chorioamnionitis. Leukocyte and neutrophil count and interleukin -6 are higher in these infants. They need prolonged oxygen therapy and have increased risks of intrauterine pulmonary infection and BPD.

Liver cancer is one of the most common cancers in China. In recent years, liver cancer tends to be treated with comprehensive therapies, including surgery, ablation, interventional embolization, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and liver transplantation. At present, the low surgical resectionrate is one of the main factors affecting the prognosis of liver cancer patients. Preoperative neoadjuvant therapy or conversion therapy for liver cancer can maximize the rate of surgical resection and improve the prognosis. With the rapid development of radiotherapy and immunotherapy in the comprehensive treatment of liver cancer, it has been gradually confirmed that the unique effects of preoperative radiotherapy and immune therapy for liver cancer can improve the prognosis of the patients. Therefore, this paper reviewed the research progress in the preoperative radiotherapy and immunotherapy for liver cancer by searching relevant literature and reports at home and abroad.

Objective:To investigate the feasibility of early treatment of congenital giant melanocytic nevus (CGMN).Methods:From October 2013 to December 2021, the clinical data of children with giant nevus treated with skin soft tissue expansion in the Plastic Surgery Department of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. A renal expander was implanted in the first stage, including single and repeated expansion. The giant nevus was removed and repaired in the second stage with an expanded skin flap. The occurrence of complications, such as wound infection, expander exposure, expander rupture, and flap congestion, were recorded. Children’s mental health problems and their parents’ satisfaction were also analyzed. The χ2 between children of different ages and the infection rate between children with an internal and external pot. Results:A total of 58 children, 24 males and 34 females, aged from 3 months to 3 years, with an average age of 1.45 years, were enrolled. A total of 190 expanders were implanted. The patients were followed for 5 to 106 months, averaging 42.43 months. In the first stage, 29 cases of wound infection, 41 cases of expander exposure, two cases of flap congestion, and 6 cases of expander rupture occurred. The flap transfers were not affected by these complications after appropriate treatment. The comparison of complication rates among 3 months~<1 year、1~<2 years、2~<3 years、3 years was 37.34%(31/83)、56.75% ((21/37) ), 33.33% (13/39) and 41.94%(13/31), respectively, No statistically significant difference ( χ2=5.21, P=0.157). The incidence of wound infection was 16.67% (6/36) and 14.94% (23/154), respectively, for the internal and external dilators. There was no significant difference in the location of the dilator pot and the incidence of wound infection ( χ2=0.07, P=0.795). The appearance of all children has been significantly improved. Thirty-nine children’s families are particularly satisfied, and 20 are generally satisfied with the treatment effect, and no mental health problems were found. Conclusions:Skin and soft tissue expansion is a reliable method for early treatment of congenital giant nevus.

Objective:To investigate the feasibility of early treatment of congenital giant melanocytic nevus (CGMN).Methods:From October 2013 to December 2021, the clinical data of children with giant nevus treated with skin soft tissue expansion in the Plastic Surgery Department of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. A renal expander was implanted in the first stage, including single and repeated expansion. The giant nevus was removed and repaired in the second stage with an expanded skin flap. The occurrence of complications, such as wound infection, expander exposure, expander rupture, and flap congestion, were recorded. Children’s mental health problems and their parents’ satisfaction were also analyzed. The χ2 between children of different ages and the infection rate between children with an internal and external pot. Results:A total of 58 children, 24 males and 34 females, aged from 3 months to 3 years, with an average age of 1.45 years, were enrolled. A total of 190 expanders were implanted. The patients were followed for 5 to 106 months, averaging 42.43 months. In the first stage, 29 cases of wound infection, 41 cases of expander exposure, two cases of flap congestion, and 6 cases of expander rupture occurred. The flap transfers were not affected by these complications after appropriate treatment. The comparison of complication rates among 3 months~<1 year、1~<2 years、2~<3 years、3 years was 37.34%(31/83)、56.75% ((21/37) ), 33.33% (13/39) and 41.94%(13/31), respectively, No statistically significant difference ( χ2=5.21, P=0.157). The incidence of wound infection was 16.67% (6/36) and 14.94% (23/154), respectively, for the internal and external dilators. There was no significant difference in the location of the dilator pot and the incidence of wound infection ( χ2=0.07, P=0.795). The appearance of all children has been significantly improved. Thirty-nine children’s families are particularly satisfied, and 20 are generally satisfied with the treatment effect, and no mental health problems were found. Conclusions:Skin and soft tissue expansion is a reliable method for early treatment of congenital giant nevus.

Objective To study the prevalence of cigarettes and e-cigarettes, and to analyze its influencing factors among high school students in Wenzhou. Methods:A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among a total of 3 785students from senior high schools and vocational high schools in Wenzhou from September to November in 2020, who were selected by stratified cluster sampling. Their demographic information and the use of tobacco [including the use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes (currently smoking and smoking attempt), and the dual use of them] were asked in the questionnaire of “Global Youth Tobacco Survey”(GYTS). Proportion and rate were used to describe their demographic characteristics and smoking prevalence. Chi-square test was used to compare the difference in smoking prevalence of the high school students with selected characteristics. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of tobacco use among the participants.Results:Among the 3 785 questionnaires, 3 740 were completed, and effective rate was 98.80%. The smoking attempt rate, current smoking rate, e-cigarette attempt rate, e-cigarette using rate, and dual using rate of the high school students in Wenzhou were 11.79% (441/3 740), 2.57% (96/3 740), 10.00% (374/3 740), 2.86% (107/3 740), 0.99% (37/3 740), respectively. Male students, vocational high school students, the students whose parents smoking showed higher smoking attempt rate, current smoking rate, e-cigarette attempt rate than female student, senior high school students and those parents who don′t smoke, respectively (all P<0.05). Best friend smoking [6.076 (2.872-12.855); 4.630 (2.656-8.071)], vocational high school [3.226 (1.877-5.546); 2.238 (1.432-3.496)] were risk factors for e-cigarette and the cigarettes use, belief that whether smoking or not does not make any difference in social activities [0.160 (0.077-0.331); 0.193 (0.096-0.387)], or smoking in social activities makes people more uncomfortable [0.037 (0.018-0.077); 0.155 (0.083-0.288)] were protective factors of e-cigarette and the cigarettes use. Additionally, passive smoking in past week [2.194 (1.129-4.262)], free tobacco products received [2.836 (1.018-7.905)], seeing smoking in campus [2.072 (1.111-3.863)] were all risk factors, while belief that smoking makes young people less attractive [0.280 (0.116-0.676)], not having been to tobacco retail outlets and unexposed to tobacco advertising or promotion [0.241 (0.123-0.473)] can protect senior middle school student away from cigarette. As to e-cigarette, boys were the risk factors [1.831 (1.100-3.050)]; as opposed to being a risk factor for cigarette use [1.942 (1.084-3.478)], rural area was a protective factor for e-cigarette use [0.639 (0.410-0.994)] among high school students in Wenzhou. Conclusions:High school students have relatively low rates of smoking cigarettes and e-cigarette in Wenzhou. Vocational students, best friend smoking are risk factors of e-cigarette and the cigarettes, beliefs that whether smoking or not does not make any difference or smoking makes people more uncomfortable in social activities are protective factors.

Objective:To investigate the method, feasibility and clinical effect of scrotal flap in the immediate repair of penoscrotal Paget disease after excision.Methods:From January 2008 to September 2018, a total of 21 patients (age 42-74) diagnosed with penile scrotal Paget disease were admitted and treated in our department. All patients underwent local expanded resection, and intraoperative frozen section examination confirmed a negative margin. All patients used the scrotal flap or scrotal flap combined with other surgical methods to repair the defect.Results:Scrotal flaps were used in ten cases, scrotal flaps combined with other flaps in seven cases, and scrotal flaps combined with skin grafting in four cases. All the scrotal flaps had good blood supply, two cases had small partial skin graft necrosis, and one case had delayed healing of the flap donor area, and all the others had good wound healing. All patients were followed up for six months to 60 months, with an average follow-up time of 30.6 months. Most of the patients (95.2%, 20/21) were satisfied with the appearance of the penis and scrotum, and all the transferred flaps showed no edema. Local recurrence occurred in four patients within two years. Local recurrence and inguinal lymph node metastasis occurred in one patient within three years with a total local recurrence rate of 23.8% (5/21). Due to the small local recurrence lesion, the recurrence lesion was successfully repaired with the adjacent scrotal flap after expanding local excision, and the patients with inguinal lymph node metastasis received ipsilateral inguinal lymph node dissection.Conclusions:The scrotal flap has the characteristics of a large cutting area, flexible design, convenient transfer of flap, enough blood supply, simple, safe, and effective. Using this method can obtain a satisfactory shape of the penis and scrotum after the operation. Those defects that are difficult to use scrotal flap for a complete repair can be repaired with other flaps or skin grafts. A good therapeutic effect can be obtained as well. For the majority of recurrent lesions, scrotal skin flap can be reapplied.

Objective:To investigate the method, feasibility and clinical effect of scrotal flap in the immediate repair of penoscrotal Paget disease after excision.Methods:From January 2008 to September 2018, a total of 21 patients (age 42-74) diagnosed with penile scrotal Paget disease were admitted and treated in our department. All patients underwent local expanded resection, and intraoperative frozen section examination confirmed a negative margin. All patients used the scrotal flap or scrotal flap combined with other surgical methods to repair the defect.Results:Scrotal flaps were used in ten cases, scrotal flaps combined with other flaps in seven cases, and scrotal flaps combined with skin grafting in four cases. All the scrotal flaps had good blood supply, two cases had small partial skin graft necrosis, and one case had delayed healing of the flap donor area, and all the others had good wound healing. All patients were followed up for six months to 60 months, with an average follow-up time of 30.6 months. Most of the patients (95.2%, 20/21) were satisfied with the appearance of the penis and scrotum, and all the transferred flaps showed no edema. Local recurrence occurred in four patients within two years. Local recurrence and inguinal lymph node metastasis occurred in one patient within three years with a total local recurrence rate of 23.8% (5/21). Due to the small local recurrence lesion, the recurrence lesion was successfully repaired with the adjacent scrotal flap after expanding local excision, and the patients with inguinal lymph node metastasis received ipsilateral inguinal lymph node dissection.Conclusions:The scrotal flap has the characteristics of a large cutting area, flexible design, convenient transfer of flap, enough blood supply, simple, safe, and effective. Using this method can obtain a satisfactory shape of the penis and scrotum after the operation. Those defects that are difficult to use scrotal flap for a complete repair can be repaired with other flaps or skin grafts. A good therapeutic effect can be obtained as well. For the majority of recurrent lesions, scrotal skin flap can be reapplied.

Objective: To explore the feasibility and clinical effect of autologous fat concentrate combined with split-thickness skin grafts in the repair of venous ulcer. Methods: From January 2015 to December 2018, a total of 16 patients diagnosed with venous ulcer were admitted to our department, and all patients received symptomatic and supportive treatment such as local debridement and dressing change. After the granulation tissue grew well, all patients received autologous adipose concentrate combined with spilit-thickness skin graft for repair. Results: All the grafted skin survived well, and the survival rate of grafted skin at 2 weeks after surgery was 86% to 99%. All patients were followed up to 6 months after surgery. The wounds of all patients were healed during the follow-up period. One patient suffered local ulcer recurrence due to repeated friction after healing and the ulcer recovered after dressing changing treatment. All the other patients had no recurrence during the follow-up period. The scar hyperplasia in the skin transplantation area was not obvious and the healing quality was good. No significant surgical complications occurred. Conclusions Autologous lipoconcentrate combined with split-thickness skin grafts is an effective and safe method in the repair of venous ulcer, and the application of autologous lipoconcentrate can effectively improve the survival rate and healing quality of skin grafts.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the characteristics of pediatric drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in China,and to provide reference for reducing ADR.METHODS:Using"liver injury liver damage hepatotoxicity hepatitis liver disease""drug induced children" as keywords,related domestic literatures were retrieved from CNKI and Wanfang database during 2007-2016,clinical information of DILI children in literatures were recorded in detail and analyzed comprehensively.RESULTS:A total of 363 literatures were retrieved,including 13 effective literatures and 665 children in total.There were 424 boys (63.76％)and 241 girls (36.24％),with ratio of 1.76 ∶ 1.The youngest child was 1 month old,the oldest child was 14 years old;the average age was 7.87 years,337 children aged more then 7 years old,accounting for 50.68％.Top 3 primary diseases were respiratory tract infection (40 cases,31.50％),hematologic diseases (29 cases,22.83％) and tumor (14 cases,11.02％).Top 3 pediatric DILI-inducing drug types were antibiotics (245 cases,34.41％),TCM (143 cases,20.08％) and antipyretic analgesics (113 cases,15.87％).DILI usually happened within 4 weeks (332 cases,82.18％).The most common clinical classification was hepatocellular type (382 cases,65.30％).The severity of liver injury was mainly mild and moderate (505 cases,86.32％),and 80 cases were severe (13.68％),including 31 cases of hepatic failure (5.30％).Clinical symptoms mainly manifested as anorexia,jaundice,nausea,vomiting,hypodynamia and abdominal discomfort.After drug withdreawd and treatment,96.54％ of the patients were recovered or cured,and 4 cases died (0.60％).CONCLUSIONS:Under the premise of rational use of drugs,it is necessary to carry out medication education and supervision for antibiotics,TCM and antipyretic analgesics which mainly induce pediatric DILI,pay attention to allergic history and evaluate the progress of extrahepatic symptoms.When ADR occurred,the timely and drug withdrawal intervention are conducted to improve good prognosis.

An analytical method was developed for the simultaneous extraction and determination of three quaternary ammonium compouds ( QACs) in soil samples using ultrasonic extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry( GC-MS) . The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the three analytes dodecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride ( DTAC) , cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide ( CTAB) and didodecyldimethyl ammonium chloride ( DDAC) were conducted by application of EI mass spectra and selected ion monioring ( SIM ) . Characteristic ions of the QACs were m/z 58 ( DTAC and CTAB) and m/z 212 ( DDAC) . To achieve optimum extraction efficiency, several impact factors including types of extractants, pH of extraction, concentration of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates ( LAS) , extraction times and content of purification column were investigated. Methanol with pH 3. 5 and 40 μg/L LAS solution were selected as extractant. Soil sample was extracted by treated methanol each 10 mL for 20 min every time. Extract of the soil sample was purified by neutral alumina column with 4 cm in length and 1cm in diameter, and then was determineted by GC-MS. Good linear relationships of all the three QACs were obtained in the range of 0. 02-2. 0 mg/L. The limits of determination (LOD, S/N=3) was 1. 2-4. 5 μg/kg. The method was used to analyse real soil samples ( paddy soil, lateritic red soil, and ore tailings) collected from a mining district in south China. Results of determination exhibited the concerntrations of the three analytes in real soil samples ranged from 0 . 24 mg/kg to 0. 41 mg/kg, and their recoveries ranged from 76% to 113% with relative standard deviations ( RSD) of 1. 1%-12. 9% in three different spiked concentrations of 0. 2, 0. 5 and 1. 0 mg/kg.