Objective: To explore the development history trends and research hotspots in children and adolescent overweight and obesity studies, so as to provide a basis for conducting scientific research in related fields. Methods: Relevant literature were retrieved from CNKI, WanFang Data Knowledge Service Platform, VIP Chinese Journal Service Platform, China Biomedical Literature Service System, Web of Science Core Collection and PubMed database from January 1980 to September 2024, and knowledge graph was constructed by using CiteSpace visualization software to explore and analyze. Results: A total of 9 108 articles were retrieved (5 197 in Chinese and 3 911 in English). From 1980 to 2024, the number of publications in the field of overweight and obesity research in children and adolescents showed an upward trend. Keyword cooccurrence analysis showed that body fat percentage (intermediary centrality:0.69), body mass index (intermediary centrality:0.50) and physical activity (intermediary centrality:0.13) were the bridge keywords connecting the research field. The keyword clustering results showed that coexistence outcomes of multiple diseases such as cardiovascular metabolic diseases and psychological disorders, as well as intervention plans based on family, school and community became research hotspots. The evaluation of the effects of highintensity interval training and emerging weight loss interventions such as electronic games gradually became a new trend in research. Conclusion Influencing factors, coexistence outcomes of multiple diseases, and the application and evaluation of intervention remain key research focuses in children and adolescent overweight/obesity studies.

Breast cancer， as one of the major cancers threatening women's health globally， is characterized by high aggressiveness， high malignancy， and poor prognosis. In 2022， according to the World Health Organization， breast cancer ranked second in the incidence of female cancers globally， accounting for 11.6% of all new cancer cases. Western medical doctors mainly use surgery， chemotherapy， radiotherapy， endocrine therapy， and molecular targeted therapy to treat breast cancer， which can effectively improve the recurrence rate and death rate of breast cancer patients and prolong the survival period of patients. However， its treatment process is often accompanied by a series of side effects， which bring challenges to patients' quality of life. However， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has demonstrated significant therapeutic effects in inhibiting the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cells， reducing toxic side effects produced by chemotherapy， and improving patients' survival rate and quality of life. It is therefore particularly necessary to investigate the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of TCM in breast cancer treatment. The authors combed the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of the etiology and pathogenesis of breast cancer， identification and treatment of breast cancer， TCM compound， TCM single medicine， TCM monomer， and external treatment of TCM to prevent and control breast cancer and found that TCM has a therapeutic effect on breast cancer. It can play a role in increasing the effectiveness， reducing the toxicity， and alleviating the adverse reactions. It can inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation， cell cycle， migration， invasion， immune escape， epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT）， aerobic glycolysis， mitochondrial biosynthesis， aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis， reduce drug resistance， promote apoptosis， ferroptosis， cell autophagy， and regulate the tumor immune microenvironment by regulating signaling pathways. This paper aims to provide new ideas and methods for experimental research and clinical treatment of breast cancer.

Objective To explore the application value of ultrasonic measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter(ONSD)and cerebral blood flow parameters in intracranial hypertension caused by AIDS cryptococ-cal meningitis.Methods A total of 27 patients with cryptococcal meningitis diagnosed by Chongqing Public Health Medical Center from February to July,2022 were included.All patients were examined with ultrasound measurement of ONSD and ultrasound measurement of cerebral blood flow of intracranial middle cerebral ar-tery(MCA),including peak systolic velocity(PSV),end diastolic velocity(EDV),peak systolic velocity/end diastolic velocity(S/D)and resistance index(RI),and then lumbar puncture was performed and intracranial pressure(ICP)was recorded.The ICP≥200 mmH2O was defined as the ICP increased group,ICP＜200 mmH2O was defined as the ICP normal group,and 17 AIDS patients without complications were selected as the control group.The baseline data,ONSD and MCA cerebral blood flow parameters of the three groups were compared,and the statistically significant indexes were correlated with ICP,and the receiver operating charac-teristic(ROC)curve of the subjects was drawn to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of ONSD value in predicting intracranial hypertension caused by AIDS cryptococcal meningitis.Results There were no significant differ-ences in gender,age,systolic blood pressure or diastolic blood pressure among the ICP increased group,the ICP normal group and the control group(P＞0.05).There were no significant differences in PSV,EDV,S/D and RI among the three groups of MCA(P＞0.05),but there was significant difference in ONSD among the three groups(P＜0.05).There was a positive correlation between ICP and ONSD in the patients with AIDS cryptococcal meningitis(P＜0.01,r=0.736).The ROC curve analysis showed that when the ONSD cutoff value was 3.965 mm,it predicted the highest efficacy of intracranial high pressure in the patients with AIDS cryptococcal meningitis.The area under the ROC curve was 0.90(95％CI:0.714-1.000,P=0.001),the sensitivity was 90％,and the specificity was 100％.Conclusion Ultrasonic measurement of ONSD can effec-tively predict ICP in patients with AIDS cryptococcal meningitis and guide clinical decompression measures in time,which is worthy of clinical application.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of lung adenocarcinoma patients with positive EGFR mutations detected in pleural effusion.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics including gender,age,smoking history,presence of other underlying diseases(such as COPD,cardiovascular disease,and diabetes),site of pleural fluid,feature of pleural fluid,and TNM stage in patients with lung adenocar-cinoma who had been admitted to the first Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College from 2020.01 to 2022.12 for the first time by the detection of EGFR mutation positive in pleural effusion.The data were statistically analyzed using the SPSS 26.0 software.Results A total of 126 patients were screened for enrollment,including 61 patients(48.41%)with EGFR exon 19 deletion mutation(19del),56 patients(44.44%)with exon 21 L858R mutation(21L858R),and 9 patients(7.14%)with non-classical mutations.Univariate analysis showed that the three muta-tion subtypes were statistically significant in terms of gender,age,smoking history,and presence of COPD(P<0.05 for all comparisons),but not in terms of pleural fluid site,feature of pleural fluid,tumor size,and presence of cardiovascular disease,diabetes mellitus,presence of distant metastases,and mediastinal lymph node metastases(P>0.05 for all comparisons);Multivariate analysis showed that 21 L858R mutation was more likely to be found in male,older age,non-smoking,and presence of COPD than 19del mutation;non-classical mutation was more likely to be found in male than 19del mutation.Conclusions There are significant differences among the three mutation subtypes in sex,age,smoking history,and presence of COPD,but not in pleural fluid location,feature of pleural fluid,tumor size,presence of cardiovascular disease or diabetes mellitus,presence of distant metastases,or medias-tinal lymph node metastases;Among lung adenocarcinoma patients with positive EGFR mutations in pleural fluid,21 L858R mutation mostly occurs in male,older age,non-smokers,and those complicated with COPD,while non-classical mutation mainly develops in male.However,more case studies are needed to confirm the above conclusions.

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technology has the characteristics of high specificity and high throughput, making it rapidly applied and developed in the field of clinical testing. Its application in the monitoring of therapeutic drugs can effectively improve the quantitative accuracy and sensitivity, and formulate a personalized and optimal dosing plan for patients. However, this technology still faces some challenges, and automation, quality control, and quantitative traceability will be the future development direction.

Objective:To investigate the current situation of the use of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for portal hypertension, which should aid the development of TIPS in China.Methods:The China Portal Hypertension Alliance (CHESS) initiated this study that comprehensively investigated the basic situation of TIPS for portal hypertension in China through network research. The survey included the following: the number of surgical cases, main indications, the development of Early-TIPS, TIPS for portal vein cavernous transformation, collateral circulation embolization, intraoperative portal pressure gradient measurement, commonly used stent types, conventional anticoagulation and time, postoperative follow-up, obstacles, and the application of domestic instruments.Results:According to the survey, a total of 13 527 TIPS operations were carried out in 545 hospitals participating in the survey in 2021, and 94.1% of the hospital had the habit of routine follow-up after TIPS. Most hospitals believed that the main indications of TIPS were the control of acute bleeding (42.6%) and the prevention of rebleeding (40.7%). 48.1% of the teams carried out early or priority TIPS, 53.0% of the teams carried out TIPS for the cavernous transformation of the portal vein, and 81.0% chose routine embolization of collateral circulation during operation. Most of them used coils and biological glue as embolic materials, and 78.5% of the team routinely performed intraoperative portal pressure gradient measurements. In selecting TIPS stents, 57.1% of the hospitals woulel choose Viator-specific stents, 57.2% woulel choose conventional anticoagulation after TIPS, and the duration of anticoagulation was between 3-6 months (55.4%). The limitation of TIPS surgery was mainly due to cost (72.3%) and insufficient understanding of doctors in related departments (77.4%). Most teams accepted the domestic instruments used in TIPS (92.7%).Conclusions:This survey shows that TIPS treatment is an essential part of treating portal hypertension in China. The total number of TIPS cases is far from that of patients with portal hypertension. In the future, it is still necessary to popularize TIPS technology and further standardize surgical indications, routine operations, and instrument application.

AIM: To compare the effects of defocus incorporated multiple segments(DIMS)lens with highly aspherical lenslets(HAL)on delaying the progression of myopia in adolescents.METHODS: Clinical randomized controlled study. Totally 301 students aged 7-12 who underwent optometry in our hospital from January 2021 to June 2023 were randomly divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 154 patients who were fitted with DIMS lenses(DIMS group). In the second group, 147 cases were fitted with HAL(HAL group). Both groups used 0.01% atropine eye drops to control myopia and all students wore glasses for more than 12 h every day. The spherical equivalent(SE)and axial length(AL)after rapid mydriasis were recorded. The data of the right eyes were taken, and the results after fitting for 12 mo were compared between the two groups.RESULTS: Multiple linear regression analysis showed that baseline age was significantly correlated with the changes of SE and AL(all P<0.01). After controlling baseline variables, the adjusted changes in SE for 12 mo after wearing glasses in the DIMS group and HAL group were -0.41±0.18 and -0.34±0.13 D, respectively(P<0.001); the changes of AL in the DIMS group and HAL group were 0.31±0.08 and 0.27±0.06 mm, respectively(P<0.001). Patients were divided into younger group(7-9 years old)and older group(10-12 years old). The changes in SE(t=2.250, P=0.025)and AL(t=3.120, P=0.002)of the younger group who wearing DIMS lens were greater than those with HAL after 12 mo, and the same was true in the older group(t=5.931, 5.033, both P<0.001).CONCLUSION: Under the condition of combined use of 0.01% atropine eye drops, HAL is more effective than DIMS lens in controlling myopia diopter and AL of adolescents.

Objective:To investigate the effects of myeloid-derived growth factor(MYDGF) on inflammatory response and osteoclast differentiation of RAW264.7 cells.Methods:The RAW264.7 osteoclast precursor cells were cultured and treated with different concentrations of recombinant MYDGF protein(rMYDGF), and their cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. RAW264.7 cells were induced with lipopolysaccharide(LPS) to induce inflammation, and the expression of inflammatory mediators and cell polarization were observed after intervention with rMYDGF. The RAW264.7 cells were induced for osteoclast differentiation using receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand(RANKL), and rMYDGF was added for intervention. Osteoclast differentiation was evaluated by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP) staining. The osteoclast resorption pits and the number of actin rings(F-actin rings) were observed under a microscope. Reverse transcription PCR was performed to detect the expression of activated T cell nuclear factor 1(Nfatc1), cathepsin K(CTSK), and c-Fos genes during osteoclast differentiation. The protein phosphorylation levels of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) signaling pathway proteins were detected using Western blotting.Results:MTT assay showed that rMYDGF did not significantly inhibit the viability of RAW264.7 cell when the concentration was lower than 100 ng/mL. Moreover, rMYDGF inhibited the expression levels of inflammatory factors and M1 cell polarization after LPS stimulation. Compared with the control group, the number and area of TRAP positive cells, the number and area of bone resorption pit were decreased in rMYDGF intervention group respectively, as well as the area of the F-actin ring was reduced and its shape was incomplete after rMYDGF intervention. Furthermore, rMYDGF reduced the expression levels of osteoclast-specific marker genes and inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB signaling pathway protein IκBα during osteoclast differentiation.Conclusion:MYDGF inhibits the inflammatory response and osteoclast differentiation of RAW264.7 cells.

Objective To explore the important factors influencing organ donation willingness and coordination effect of organ donation coordinators. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 349 national organ donation coordinators by convenience sampling, including 145 males and 204 females, aged 27 (23, 36) years. Multiple linear regression and disordered logistic regression were used to investigate the important factors influencing the willingness to donate organs and coordination effects. Results Among 349 organ donation coordinators, 146 (41.8%) were willing to donate organs, including 101 (28.9%) who had signed the consent card for organ donation. Adequate awareness of organ donation laws, high education level, marital experience, and good self-perceived health status all showed positive effects on organ donation willingness of organ donation coordinators (all P < 0.05). High income, long length of service as organ donation coordinators, full-time mode of employment, high willingness to donate organs, and adequate awareness of donation conditions and donation procedures all showed positive effects on the coordination effect of organ donation coordinators (all P < 0.05). Conclusions The willingness to donate organs is increased as the higher awareness of organ donation laws of organ donation coordinators, while enhancing the willingness to donate organs of organ donation coordinators exerts positive impact upon improving the coordination effect of organ donation coordination. Therefore, an all-round organ donation coordinator training system should be established to improve the success rate of organ donation advocacy and promote the development of organ donation.

Objective: To analyze the policies that are aimed at the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents, and to provide a reference for the adjustment and optimization of follow up policies. Methods: Based on policy tool theory, content analysis was performed to construct a two dimensional framework of "policy tools-policy objects" and a quantitative analysis of 43 national level policy texts related to the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents. Results: From the perspective of policy tools, environment oriented policy tools were the most widely applied (48.36%), followed by supply oriented tools (26.39%) and demand oriented tools (25.25%) which were used closely in frequency. From the perspective of policy objects, the texts put forward requirements in schools (26.15%) were the most and in society the least (6.18%). Conclusion The policies for the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents should aim to improve the efficacy of supply based policy tools and increase the frequency with which demand based policy tools are adopted, while scientific research should be applied to optimize the quality of environment based policy tools.