Objective To explore and analyse the signals of adverse events of esketamine,and to provide references for rational clinical use of the drug.Methods The adverse event reports of esketamine from the first quarter of 2019 to the fourth quarter of 2023 in the U.S.Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System(FAERS)database were collected.The reporting odds ratio(ROR)method and information component(IC)method in the disproportionality analysis and random forest(RF)algorithm,K-nearest neighbor algorithm and extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)algorithm in machine learning algorithms were used for signal mining of target medicines respectively.The accuracy of machine learning signal detection results was assessed by the area under the curve(AUC).Results A total of 5 247 adverse event records with esketamine as the primary suspect drug were obtained.Using the traditional detection measures of dis-proportionality,138 positive signal results were detected,6 new adverse events including anticholinergic syndrome,urinary incontinence,double vision,pyelonephritis,spontaneous pneumothorax,biliary obstruction,were not included in the FDA drug inserts,and it was found that the drug may be more likely to cause cardiovascular problems.The results of the machine learning training showed that XGBoost algorithm and RF algorithm performed moderately well,with AUC means of 0.928 and 0.921,respectively.A total of 4 new potential adverse drug event signals,diplopia,deterioration of general physical health,suicidal ideation and withdrawal syndrome were detected by XGBoost algorithm and RF algorithm.Conclusion Esketamine is accompanied by some unknown risks while obtaining significant efficacy and adverse events not mentioned in the specification may occur in clinical practice.Healthcare professionals should be fully alert to the relevant adverse events when applying them in clinical treatment and take timely measures to ensure the safety of the treatment.

Objective To systematically evaluate and analyze the qualitative research on the experience of maintenance hemodialysis patients,so as to provide references for the implementation of exercise interventions in maintenance hemodialysis patients.Methods We searched databases including PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,PsycINFO,CINAHL,CBM,CNKI,WanFang Database and VIP from inception to September 30,2022,to collect qualitative studies about exercise experience of maintenance hemodialysis patients.The quality of included studies was evaluated according to JBI Critical Appraisal Tool for qualitative studies in Australia.The results were integrated by integrating methods.Results A total of 14 studies were included.47 completed findings were grouped according to their similarities to form 12 categories.These categories resulted in 4 synthesized findings.Integration results 1:recognizing the positive effects and potential risks of intradialytic exercise.Integration results 2:barriers and facilitators of intradialytic exercise.Integration results 3:needs of intradialytic exercise.Integration results 4:exercise experience on non-dialysis day.Conclusion The experience and needs of maintenance hemodialysis patients should be considered to ensure patient compliance and continuity when exercise programs were designed.

Objective To analyze the correlation of the main chemical components,physical parameters and the color of Fructus Sophorae in nine-steam-nine-bask processing.Methods The contents of sophoracin,genistein,rutin and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural were simultaneously determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).The content of polysaccharide was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry.The correlation of main components,physical parameters and the color was studied by the measurement of the physical parameters and the color(L*、a*、b*)combined with hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA),principal component analysis(PCA)and partial least squares(PLS).The criteria importance through intercriteria correlation(CRITIC)method was used to make a comprehensive evaluation of the nine-steam-nine-bask processing of Fructus Sophorae.Results The methods for the content determination and chromaticity measurement were accurate and reliable.The precision,stability and repeatability tests were good.The results of HCA and PCA showed that Fructus Sophorae,which was steamed-basked for one to four times,could be grouped into one category.Fructus Sophorae steamed-basked for five to nine times were classified into another category.PLS correlation analysis showed that the contents of polysaccharide and rutin were significantly correlated with physical parameters and color.The water absorption expansion and relative density were significantly correlated with the color.The comprehensive evaluation showed that nine-steam-nine-bask Fructus Sophorae was the best.Conclusion There is certain regularity in the overall changes of the content of main components,physical parameters and the color of Fructus Sophorae during nine-steam-nine-bask processing.The combination of the internal components,the color and physical parameters provides the basis for revealing the mechanism on nine-steam-nine-bask processing of Fructus Sophorae.

ObjectiveTo visualize the research trends of verbal and nonverbal cognitive functions in patients with post-stroke aphasia (PSA). MethodsPapers about verbal and nonverbal cognitive functions after stroke were extracted from Web of Science Core Collection from establishment to August, 2022, and a bibliometric analysis was conducted on the distribution of articles published by year, author, journal, institution, and country. Author cooperation, author co-citation, journal co-citation, country/institution cooperation, dynamic evolution, keyword hotspots, and trends were visually analyzed by using VOSviewer software. ResultsA total of 1 630 publications were identified for final analysis. The first article related to the topic was retrieved in 2004. After that, the number of published papers showed an increasing trend year by year, with some fluctuations after 2019. Matthew A. Lambon Ralph and Elizabeth Jefferies were the authors who produced the most, were cited the most, and were the most influential. Neuropsychologia was a highly productive and well-cited publication. The University of Manchester in the United Kingdom and Johns Hopkins University in the United States were the nations/institutions with high yield and high centrality. Although China had a high yield and was in the top five, the centrality was insufficient. The dynamic emergence of keywords revealed that the research had gone through the following stages: evaluating the mechanism of language and nonverbal cognitive function impairment based on neuroimage, exploring the role of nonverbal cognitive dysfunction in pathology and recovery mechanisms of patients with PSA, examining the therapeutic mechanism of non-invasive brain stimulation and electronic tele-rehabilitation equipment, and revealing not only the frontal and temporal areas but also brain network supporting nonverbal cognition. ConclusionIn recent years, some achievements have been made in the researches on verbal and nonverbal cognitive function, particularly in the studies of the neuroimaging-based mechanisms of common damage and the intervention effects of synergistic therapy. In the future, academic cooperation between different regions and different teams needs to be strengthened. Further exploration should be focused on refining the cognitive neuropsychology and exploring new technologies to improve the therapeutic effect of PSA.

The emerging of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused COVID-19 pandemic. The first case of COVID-19 was reported at early December in 2019 in Wuhan City, China. To examine specific antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in biological samples before December 2019 would give clues when the epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 might start to circulate in populations. We obtained all 88,517 plasmas from 76,844 blood donors in Wuhan between 1 September and 31 December 2019. We first evaluated the pan-immunoglobin (pan-Ig) against SARS-CoV-2 in 43,850 samples from 32,484 blood donors with suitable sample quality and enough volume. Two hundred and sixty-four samples from 213 donors were pan-Ig reactive, then further tested IgG and IgM, and validated by neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Two hundred and thirteen samples (from 175 donors) were only pan-Ig reactive, 8 (from 4 donors) were pan-Ig and IgG reactive, and 43 (from 34 donors) were pan-Ig and IgM reactive. Microneutralization assay showed all negative results. In addition, 213 screened reactive donors were analyzed and did not show obviously temporal or regional tendency, but the distribution of age showed a difference compared with all tested donors. Then we reviewed SARS-CoV-2 antibody results from these donors who donated several times from September 2019 to June 2020, partly tested in a previous published study, no one was found a significant increase in S/CO of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Our findings showed no SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies existing among blood donors in Wuhan, China before 2020, indicating no evidence of transmission of COVID-19 before December 2019 in Wuhan, China.
Humans ; Antibodies, Viral ; Blood Donors ; China/epidemiology* ; COVID-19/immunology* ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2

ObjectiveTo explore the current status and frontier hotspots of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in the field of stroke. MethodsRelevant literature on stroke and fNIRS from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database was searched from its inception to July, 2023. VOSviewer, CiteSpace and Scimago were utilized for analysis of publication output, countries (regions) and institutions, international collaboration, co-cited references, co-occurring keywords and burst keywords. ResultsA total of 379 articles were included. The research activity in this field showed an overall upward trend with slight fluctuations in the early stage. Among the top five institutions by publication output, four were from China. Co-occurrence analysis revealed that Beihang University and Boston Children's Hospital were central in collaboration networks. This study involved 1 787 authors, with 120 core authors, in which the top five most cited authors were Li Zengyong, Li Wenhao, Huo Congcong, Dou Zulin and Song Ying. The publications in this field were primarily concentrated in disciplines such as neurology, psychiatry, ophthalmology and clinical medicine. Overlay visualization of journal co-citation networks demonstrated associations between medical, clinical, and neurology disciplines with psychology, education, and sociology. Co-occurrence and clustering analysis of keywords indicated research emphasis on stroke rehabilitation, integration of multiple technical modalities, and exploration of innovative training strategies and brain activation connectivity. The research evolution of fNIRS in the stroke domain revealed initial use of photodiode devices for cerebral ischemia reperfusion monitoring. Subsequent studies refined cortical activation through improved laser sources, avalanche photodiodes, single-task experimental designs and transcranial direct current stimulation. Later, research extended to whole-brain detection, multimodal stimulation and the combination of virtual reality technology with audiovisual stimulation, resulting in significantly enhanced brain activation. The application of brain-computer interface technology further facilitated direct restoration of motor function. ConclusionResearches in the field of stroke using fNIRS technology overall demonstrat a continuous upward trend. The researches focuse on post-stroke rehabilitation, integrating multimodal fusion, brain-computer interfaces, virtual reality, and sensory stimulation for real-time monitoring and personalized neurorehabilitation training strategies. It emphasizes interdisciplinary collaboration, expanding innovative research and the application of new technologies.

Oxidative Phosphorylation ; Acetylglucosamine ; Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine/metabolism*

Objective:To compare the efficacy and side effects between simultaneous and sequential integrated boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy after operation for high-grade glioma.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 142 patients with high-grade glioma who underwent postoperative radiotherapy from January 2010 to December 2017. All patients were divided into the simultaneous and sequential integrated boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy groups. Concurrent temozolomide chemotherapy was delivered during radiotherapy in two groups. The follow-up outcomes were statistically compared between two groups.Results:For the whole group, the median overall survival (OS) was 24 months, the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 17 months, and the median disease-free survival (DFS) was 25 months. In the simultaneous and sequential integrated boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy groups, the median OS were 27.2 and 21.0 months ( P=0.950), the median PFS were 21.2 and 15.0 months ( P=0.21), and the median DFS were 28.0 and 18.0 months ( P=0.171), and the disease control rates were 92.86% and 85.17%( P=0.541), respectively. There was no statistical difference in OS, PFS, DFS, short-term efficacy and side effects between two groups. However, the conformity index in the simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy group was better than that in the sequential integrated boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy group ( P=0.032). Conclusions:Postoperative simultaneous and sequential integrated boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy yield no statistical differences in the survival, short-term efficacy and side effects in the treatment of high-grade glioma. However, the conformity index in the simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy group is significantly better, which can be recommended for postoperative radiotherapy of high-grade glioma.

Objective: To investigats the specific changes of brain neuron oscillation in non-clinical high-trait anxiety college students by recording the resting state EEG of high and low trait anxiety subjects. Methods: College students in a university were administered by using the S-TA Inventory, 27% of the number of people before and after the selection were divided into low-specific focus group (15) and high-trait anxiety group(15), based on the STAT score. After pre-processing, the data was divided into five frequency bands of δ(1-<4), θ(4-<8), α(8-<13), β(13-<30), γ(30-100)Hz and every electrode power value of those was calculated respectively. Correlation between power spectrum and trait anxiety scores was investigated. Results: The high-trait anxiety group were in the frontal and central regions (t=3.47, 2.62) of the δ band, the frontal region (t=2.22) of the θ band, the frontal, central, right temporal, and posterior regions (t=2.77, 2.23, 3.65, 2.35) of the β band, the frontal, left temporal, central, right temporal, and posterior regions (t=2.83, 2.22, 2.64, 2.43, 2.09) of the γ band, than that in the low trait anxiety group. Furthermore, in central regions of the δ band; the frontal region of the θ band; the frontal, the central, and posterior regions of the β band; the frontal, left temporal, central, and posterior regions(r=-0.63, -0.51, -0.62, -0.53, -0.54, -0.59, -0.56, -0.55, -0.49) of the γ band, the correlation between trait anxiety scores and the power value were obvious negatively. Conclusion High trait anxiety college students have lower power spectrum than low trait anxiety college students. The degree of trait anxiety is related to the power spectrum. The changes of brain resting-state electrical signals in high-trait anxiety individuals may be related to the influence of trait anxiety on college students’ attention and working memory.

Choroid plexus carcinoma is a relatively rare primary intracranial malignant tumor which is derived from the choroid plexus epithelium.It is classified as World Health Organization (WHO) grade Ⅲ and mainly occurs in children.Currently,maximal surgical resection is still the main therapeutic strategy.The clinical efficacy of postoperative adjuvant therapies remains controversial.Recent studies have promoted that postoperative combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy can enhance the clinical prognosis and prolong the survival time for choroid plexus carcinoma patients undergoing sub-radical resection.In this review,relevant articles published in the recent 15 years were retrieved to summarize the current status and research progress on the diagnosis and treatment of choroid plexus carcinoma.