Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of adenosine A2A receptor(A2AR)on lipopolysac-charide(LPS)-induced inflammatory injury of Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells.Methods Caco-2 cells were di-vided into control group,LPS group(treated with 10 μg/ml LPS for 12 h),A2AR agonist(CGS21680)group(pretreated with 50 nmol/L CGS21680 for 10 min),CGS21680+LPS group(pretreated with 50 nmol/L CGS21680 for 10 min,treated with 10 μg/ml LPS for 12 h),cell viability was determined using CCK-8 assay,the secretion levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1 β(IL-1 β)and interleukin-6(IL-6)in cell su-pernatant of each group were determined using ELISA.mRNA expression levels of TNF-α,IL-1 β and IL-6 in cells of each group were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR,the protein expression levels of microtubule associated light chain protein 3(LC3)-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ and autophagy associated protein(Beclin1)in cells of each group were analyzed using Western blot analysis.Caco-2 cells were then divided into control group,LPS group(pretreated with 50 nmol/L CGS21680 for 10 min),CGS21680+LPS group(pretreated with 50 nmol/L CGS21680 for 10 min,treated with 10 μg/ml LPS for 12 h),CGS21680+LPS+Rapa group(pretreated with 50 nmol/L CGS21680 for 10 min,treated with 10 μg/ml LPS and 5 μmol/L Rapa for 12 h),cell viability was deter-mined using CCK-8 assay,the secretion levels of TNF-α,IL-1 β and IL-6 in cell supernatant of each group were determined using ELISA.Results Compared with the control group,the viability of Caco-2 cells in LPS group sig-nificantly decreased(P＜0.05),the levels of TNF-α,IL-1 β and IL-6 in supernatant significantly increased(P＜0.05),the mRNA relative expressions of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 in cells significantly increased(P＜0.05),the LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio and the relative expression of Beclin1 protein were significantly up-regulated(P＜0.05).Compared with LPS group,the viability of Caco-2 cells in CGS21680+LPS group significantly increased(P＜0.05),the levels of TNF-α,IL-1 β and IL-6 in supernatant significantly decreased(P＜0.05),the mRNA rela-tive expression levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 in cells were significantly down-regulated(P＜0.05),and the ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ and the relative expression of Beclin1 protein were significantly down-regulated(P＜0.05).In addition,compared with CGS21680+LPS group,the viability of Caco-2 cells in CGS21680+LPS+Rapa group significantly decreased(P＜0.05),and the levels of TNF-α,IL-1 β and IL-6 in the supernatant also significantly increased(P＜0.05).Conclusion A2 AR agonist can reduce the inflammatory injury of Caco-2 intestinal epithe-lial cells induced by LPS and improve cell viability,which may be related to its inhibition of autophagy.

AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)is a conserved energy sensor that plays roles in diverse biological processes via phosphorylating various substrates.Emerging studies have demon-strated the regulatory roles of AMPK in DNA repair,but the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully understood.Herein,using mass spectrometry-based proteomic technologies,we systematically investigate the regulatory network of AMPK in DNA damage response(DDR).Our system-wide phosphoproteome study uncovers a variety of newly-identified potential substrates involved in diverse biological processes,whereas our system-wide histone modification analysis reveals a link between AMPK and histone acetylation.Together with these findings,we discover that AMPK pro-motes apoptosis by phosphorylating apoptosis-stimulating of p53 protein 2(ASPP2)in an irradia-tion(IR)-dependent manner and regulates histone acetylation by phosphorylating histone deacetylase 9(HDAC9)in an IR-independent manner.Besides,we reveal that disrupting the his-tone acetylation by the bromodomain BRD4 inhibitor JQ-1 enhances the sensitivity of AMPK-deficient cells to IR.Therefore,our study has provided a resource to investigate the interplay between phosphorylation and histone acetylation underlying the regulatory network of AMPK,which could be beneficial to understand the exact role of AMPK in DDR.

Objective: To investigate the application value of real-time virtual sonography(RVS)in the diagnosis and treatment of complicated hepatolithiasis. Methods: The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinical data of 10 patients with complicated hepatolithiasis who were admitted to Hunan Provincial People′s Hospital between October 2017 and March 2018 were collected. There were 3 males and 7 females, aged from 40 to 69 years, with an average age of 57 years. Patients received abdominal color Doppler ultrasound examination, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, and upper abdominal spiral computed tomography (CT) thinly scanning + enhanced examination. Data of CT examination were imported into RVS. RVS was used to locate hepatolithiasis, relationship between stones and vessels, anatomy of bile ducts and vessels in hepatic hilus. Surgical methods included RVS-guided hilar cholangiotomy, biliary stricturoplasty, bilateral hepatojejunostomy, hepatic segmentectomy (lobectomy), and hepatolithotomy. Observation indicators: (1) surgical and postoperative situations; (2) typical case analysis; (3) follow-up. Follow-up using outpatient examination was performed to detect residual stones up to June 2019. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M(range). Count data were described as absolute numbers. Results: (1) Surgical and postoperative situations: 10 patients underwent RVS-guided surgeries successfully for complicated hepatolithiasis, with successful match in RVS (difference between CT images and ultrosound images <2 mm). No residual stone was identified by choledochoscope during operation. The operation time and volume of intraoperative blood loss were 285 minutes (range, 210-360 minutes) and 200 mL (range, 100-600 mL), respectively. No blood transfusion was needed during the operations. The duration of hospital stay was 20.5 days (range, 14.0-29.0 days). There was no perioperative death. One patient had postoperative biliary leakage and abdominal infection, and was cured after conservative treatment. (2) Typical case analysis: the tenth patient, female, 60 years old, was diagnosed with complicated hepatolithiasis, and was prepared to undergo hepatolithotomy+ quadrate lobectomy and hilar cholangioplasty+ bilateral hepatojejunostomy. Preoperative CT images and intraoperative color Doppler ultrasound images of the patient were fused and matched on the sagittal section of the portal vein and the cross section of the right branch of portal vein, and stones and important vessels were marked on the images. After accurate positioning, a curette was used to remove the stones. Removal of biliary stones through hepatic parenchyma and peripheral dilated bile ducts was conducted at the site where stones obviously existed. After the stones were removed, the intrahepatic bile duct and hilar bile duct merged. The left end of the bile duct split was confirmed by real-time ultrasound. After location of portal vein was determined by ultrasound, vascular plastic surgery was perfomed to avoid stenosis. (3) Follow-up: 10 patients were followed up for 6-12 months, with a median follow-up time of 8 months. One of 10 patients was suspected residual stones at the right peripheral hepatic anterior lobe by postoperative angiography at 2 months after surgery, and was not removed stones by choledochoscope. The patient had no recurrent symptoms after T-tube removal. The other 9 patients had no residual stones. Conclusion RVS applied in complicated hepatolithiasis is helpful for the precise intraoperative diagnosis, and the surgical treatment can be safe and effective.

Objective To establish an animal model of SM by equal toxicity dose(1LD50)-induced acute pulmonary injury in rats and compare the differences of inflammatory factor and protein expression. Methods Rats were randomly divided into five groups. ELISA and immunohistochemical methods were measured. Results Serum INF-γ and IL-23 levels in the intraperitoneal SM group were increased compared with the tracheal SM group;there were also significant differences in serum IL-4 levels between the two groups. In the alveolar septum , the positive expression ratios of NF-Kβ1,NF-Kβp65,ERK,JNK,and p38MAPK in the intraperitoneal SM group were increased compared with the tracheal SM group. Conclusion Using SM (1LD50),There are significantly higher serum inflammatory factor levels and protein-related expression in the alveolar septum of rats intraperitoneally injected with SM compared with those administered SM by intratracheal instillation. The results suggest that pulmonary inflammatory reactions associated with SM are dependent on the route of exposure.

Objective:To investigate the influence of cognitive-behavior therapy on the psychological status of family members of terminal cancer patients. Method:A total of 60 families of terminal cancer patients were selected and randomly divided into observation group (30 cases) and control group (30 cases). The observation group was treated with cognitive-behavior therapy, while the control group was given general supportive psychological care. The Hamilton Depression Scale ( HAMD) , Hamilton Anxiety Scale ( HAMA) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ( PSQL) were used to evaluate the family members of the two groups of patients before and after the intervention. Results: Before the intervention, there was no statistical significance difference in the scores of HAMA, HAMD and PSQI between the two groups (P>0. 05). After the intervention, the scores of HAMA, HAMD and PSQI in the observation group were significantly lower than those before the intervention ( P <0 . 05 ); and the scores of HAMA, HAMD and PSQI in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0 . 05 ) . Conclusion:Cognitive-behavior therapy can significantly improve the negative emotions of depression, anxiety and sleep disorder among family members of terminal tumor patients.

The beginning of TCM acupuncture in New Zealand dates back to the middle of 19th century. After self-improvement for more than 100 years, TCM acupuncture has gained a considerable development. From the perspective of history and current situation, the development of acupuncture in New Zealand was elaborated in this article; in addition, the sustainable development of acupuncture was discussed from the perspective of education and training. In New Zealand, the TCM acupuncture and dry needling have played a dominant role in acupuncture treatments, which are practiced by TCM practitioners and physical therapists. The TCM acupuncture is widely applied in department of internal medicine, surgery, gynecology, and pediatrics, etc., while the dry needling is li-mited for traumatology and pain disorder. Therefore, including TCM acupuncture into the public medical and educational system in New Zealand should be an essential policy of Ministry of Health to provide welfare for the people.

OBJECTIVETo explore the genetic and clinical characteristics of isodicentric Ph chromosomes [idic(Ph)] in lymphoid blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML-BLC).

METHODSBone marrow aspirates of 2 patients with CML-BLC were analyzed by R banding after 24 hours of culturing. Genomic copy number variations (CNV) were analyzed by single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP array) in case 1. The results were confirmed with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Variations of acute lymphoblastic leukemia-related genes including CDKN2A/AB and PAX5 were detected by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplication (MLPA).

RESULTSDeletions and duplications on derivative chromosome 9 detected by FISH were confirmed by SNP array analysis. The distances between the BCR/ABL fusion signals on the idic(Ph) chromosomes in the two patients have differed greatly. The idic(Ph) in the second patient was supposed to be formed by two Ph chromosomes joined at their q terminals, where as the idic(Ph) in the first patient have been shown to be fused at the satellite regions of their p arms.

CONCLUSIONThe idic(Ph) chromosomes presented in CML-BLC may predict resistance to Imatinib and response to Dasatinib.

Blast Crisis ; diagnosis ; genetics ; therapy ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosome Banding ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosome Duplication ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 ; genetics ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Karyotyping ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; diagnosis ; genetics ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Philadelphia Chromosome

ObjectiveTo explore the correlation between the degree of liver damage and clinical manifestations in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis after chemotherapy. MethodsThis study included 3620 new smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated with first-line anti-tuberculosis drug in the Second Central Hospital of Baoding from January 2008 to January 2014, and the follow-up study was carried out to observe medication use and side effects of anti-tuberculosis drug treatment. Comparison of categorical data was made by chisquare test. ResultsA total of 1225 patients (33.8%) exhibited clinical manifestations related to liver injury. The most common clinical manifestation was nausea and vomiting (72.9%), followed by fatigue (37.8%), rash (31.5%), abdominal distension and diarrhea (281%), fever (14.2%), anorexia (3.8%), and other manifestations (2.0%). The nausea and vomiting usually first appeared and were followed by abdominal distension and diarrhea. Of all patients, 243 cases (6.7%) suffered from liver damage and 109 cases (3.0%) had moderate to severe liver damage. Of the patients with clinical manifestations, 171 cases (14.0%) had liver damage and 74 cases(60%) suffered from moderate to severe liver damage. Compared with the patients without clinical manifestations, the relative risks of liver damage and moderate to severe liver damage were 4.643 ［95% confidence interval (CI)=3.035-4.856］ and 4.134 (95% CI=2.817-4.351), respectively, in the patients with clinical manifestations. The patients with fatigue, nausea and vomiting, rash, abdominal distension and diarrhea, anorexia, and other manifestations had higher risk of liver damage and moderate to severe liver damage than those without clinical manifestations (P＜0.05) and the patients with anorexia showed the highest risk. ConclusionOne third of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis have liver injury-related clinical manifestations after chemotherapy. Patients with fatigue, nausea and vomiting, rash, abdominal distension and diarrhea, anorexia, and other manifestations are more susceptible to liver damage and moderate to severe liver damage.

OBJECTIVETo determine the structures and contents of the volatile components of flowers of Fritillaria thunbergii, and investigate the effects of operation modes on its volatile components.

METHODThe volatile oils were first obtained by the hydrodistillation assay and then submitted to gas chromatography-time-of flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) analysis.

RESULTMore than 60 peaks were resolved, and 39 of which were identified quantitatively and qualitatively based on high-resolution spectra and compounds library screening. Among these identified components, the octadecatrienoic acid methyl esters were major components in the unprocessed flowers, while some aromatic aldehydes and ketones, such as benzeneacetaldehyde and 1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-ethanone, were prominent components in the flowers both dried in the fluidized bed and in shadow. In addition, the flowers dried in the fluidized bed were more fragrant than other flowers.

CONCLUSIONThe component and contents closely related to their processing mode, and the fluided bed drying may be a best choice to process the flowers of F. thunbergii.

Flowers ; chemistry ; Fritillaria ; chemistry ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Oils, Volatile ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; isolation & purification

Apoptosis plays a critical role in tumor genesis and progression. Induction of cancer cell apoptosis with traditional Chinese medicines is at present a hot topic in the research of cancer therapy. It has been found that many active components of traditional Chinese medicines can induce cancer cell apoptosis; ginsenoside and oridonin are two of them that have been studied relatively thoroughly. The mechanisms that ginsenoside and oridonin induce cancer cell apoptosis include arresting cell cycle progression, up-regulating expression of apoptotic promoting proteins, down-regulating expression of apoptotic inhibiting proteins, and activating caspase cascade.