BACKGROUND:Lijin manipulation can promote skeletal muscle repair and treat skeletal muscle injury.However,the formation of fibrosis and scar tissue hyperplasia are closely related to the quality of skeletal muscle repair.To study the regulatory effect of Lijin manipulation on the formation of fibrosis and scar tissue hyperplasia is helpful to explain the related mechanism of Lijin manipulation to improve the repair quality of skeletal muscle injury. OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanism of Lijin manipulation to improve the repair quality of skeletal muscle injury in rabbits,thereby providing a scientific basis for clinical treatment. METHODS:Forty-five healthy adult Japanese large-ear white rabbits were randomly divided into blank group,model group and Lijin group,with 15 rats in each group.Gastrocnemius strike modeling was performed in both model group and Lijin group.The Lijin group began to intervene with tendon manipulation on the 3rd day after modeling,once a day,and 15 minutes at a time.Five animals in each group were killed on the 7th,14th and 21st days after modeling.The morphology and inflammatory cell count of gastrocnemius were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining,the collagen fiber amount was observed by Masson staining,the expression of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 in gastrocnemius was detected by ELISA.The protein and mRNA expressions of paired cassette gene 7,myogenic differentiation factor,myoblastogenin,alpha-actin,transforming growth factor beta 1,and type Ⅰ collagen were detected by western blot and RT-PCR,respectively,and the expression of type Ⅰ collagen protein was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining showed that compared with the model group,inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen fiber content decreased in the Lijin group(P<0.01),and the muscle fibers gradually healed.ELISA results showed that compared with the model group,the expression of interleukin-6 in the Lijin group continued to decrease(P<0.05),and the expression of interleukin-10 increased on the 7th day after modeling(P<0.05)and then showed a decreasing trend(P<0.05).Western blot and RT-PCR results showed that compared with the model group,the protein and mRNA expressions of paired cassette gene 7,myogenic differentiation factor,myoblastogenin in the Lijin group were significantly increased on the 14th day after modeling(P<0.05),but decreased on the 21st day(P<0.05);the protein and mRNA expressions of alpha-actin,transforming growth factor beta 1,and type Ⅰ collagen in the Lijin group were significantly decreased compared with those in the model group(P<0.05).Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression of type Ⅰ collagen in the Lijin group was significantly lower than that in the model group(P<0.05).To conclude,Lijin manipulation could improve the repair quality of skeletal muscle injury by inhibiting inflammation,promoting the proliferation and differentiation of muscle satellite cells,and reducing fibrosis.

Pancreatic cancer often has an insidious onset and difficulties in treatment,with various limitations in early diagnosis and treatment.This article reviews the application of Mendelian randomization(MR)in exploring the risk factors for pancreatic cancer,with a special focus on the causal relationships of factors such as gut microbiota,lifestyle,and metabolic diseases.Leveraging data from large-scale genome-wide association studies(GWAS),MR analysis has revealed several biomarkers associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer.The two-sample MR approach is commonly used in current research,including the methods such as Inverse Variance Weighted,Weighted Median,and MR-Egger,which helps to explain the causal network of the disease from a genetic perspective.While MR strategy provides a new perspective for understanding the etiology of pancreatic cancer,caution is still needed in data synthesis,selection of instrumental variables,and pleiotropy assessment.The use of emerging analytical models such as BWMR,CAUSE,and MVMR offers new possibilities for the comprehensive evaluation of multiple risk factors and their interaction.In the future,with the combination of these methods and the ever-increasing genetic epidemiological data,MR analysis is expected to provide more solid evidence for identifying potential therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer and formulating prevention strategies.

Objective To explore the correlation between functional striatal abnormalities(FSA)scores and symptoms and cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia.Methods A total of 92 patients with schizophrenia admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from July 2021 to February 2022 were selected as the research subjects,15 patients were excluded due to excessive interference with head movement during image data analysis,and 77 patients were finally included in the statistical analysis.The cognitive function of the patients before treatment and after 8 weeks of treatment was evaluated through a set of cognitive function tests.The severity of symptoms before treatment and after 8 weeks of treatment was evaluated according to the positive and negative symptom scale(PANSS).The patients were divided into the ineffective group(PANSS＜50％,n=33)and the effective group(PANSS ≥ 50％,n=44)according to the PANSS reduction rate.Before treatment and 8 weeks after treatment,the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed,and FSA scores were calculated.Results There was no significant difference in FSA scores of patients between the effective group and the ineffective group before treatment(P＞0.05).After 8 weeks of treatment,the FSA scores of patients in the two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment(P＜0.05).After 8 weeks of treatment,there was no significant difference in FSA scores of patients between the effective group and the ineffective group(P＞0.05).Before treatment and after 8 weeks of treatment,there was no significant correlation between the FSA scores and the total PANSS scores,positive factor scores,negative factor scores and pathological factor scores in the two groups(P＞0.05).There was no significant corre-lation between the pre-treatment FSA scores and the differences in positive factor scores,negative factor scores and pathological factor scores before and after treatment in both groups(P＞0.05).In the effective group,the FSA score was significantly nega-tively correlated with the spatial span score(P＜0.05)and significantly positively correlated with the category fluency score(P＜0.05)before treatment;however,there was no significant correlation between the pre-treatment FSA score and the scores of trail making,symbol coding,word learning,maze solving,visuospatial memory,2-digit continuous performance,3-digit continuous performance and 4-digit continuous performance(P＞0.05).In the ineffective group,there was a significant negative correlation between the pre-treatment FSA score and the spatial span and 4-digit continuous performance scores(P＜0.05),while there was no significant correlation between the pre-treatment FSA score and the scores of trail making,symbol coding,word learning,maze solving,visuospatial memory,category fluency,2-digit continuous performance and 3-digit continuous performance(P＞0.05).There was no significant correlation between the FSA score and cognitive function scores after treat-ment in the effective group(P＞0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between the FSA score and the trail making score after treatment in the ineffective group(P＜0.05),but there was no significant correlation between the FSA score and the scores of symbol coding,word learning,spatial span,maze solving,visuospatial memory,category fluency,2-digit continuous performance,3-digit continuous performance and 4-digit continuous performance(P＞0.05).Conclusion FSA scores in patients with schizophrenia increase significantly after treatment.FSA scores may not be related to the severity of symptoms or treatment response,but are correlated with the cognitive function of information processing speed.

Objective To investigate the effects of low-to-moderate intensity treadmill exercise on pain and anxiety-like behaviors in rats with chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve(CCI),and to explore the neural mechanism of the exercise-related brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)/tropomyosin receptor kinase B(TrkB)-cAMP-response element binding protein(CREB)pathway in relieving pain and anxiety behaviors in CCI rats.Methods Thirty-two D rats were divided randomly into four groups:sham group,CCI group,sham+exercise(Sham+Exe)group,and CCI+exercise(CCI+Exe)group.Rats in the exercise groups underwent treadmill training for 4 weeks.The paw withdrawal threshold(PWT)and paw withdrawal latency(PWL)were measured before and at different time points after the operation.The elevated plus maze(EPM)and open field test(OFT)were used to evaluate anxiety-like behaviors in the rats.mRNA and protein expression levels of BDNF,TrkB,and CREB in the hippocampus were detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR and Western Blot,respectively.Results(1)The PWT and PWL on the operative side of the rats were significantly lower in the CCI compared with the sham group at 7,14,21,28,and 35 days after the operation(P＜0.001).The PWT on the ipsilateral side was significantly increased in the CCI+Exe group after 21 days compared with the CCI group(P＜0.05),and the PWL on the ipsilateral side increased significantly after 14 days(P＜0.05).(2)The EPM result showed that rats in the CCI group spent a significantly lower proportion of time in the open arms(P＜0.001)and significantly more time in the closed arms compared with the sham group(P＜0.01).Rats in the CCI+Exe group spent significantly more time in the open arms than the CCI group(P＜0.05).(3)The OFT result showed that rats in the CCI group spent a significantly lower proportion of time in the central area of the open field compared with the sham group(P＜0.001),while the percentage of time was significantly increased in the CCI+Exe group compared with the CCI group(P＜0.05).(4)BDNF,TrkB,and CREB mRNA and protein levels in the hippocampus were significantly lower in the CCI group compared with the sham group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Four-week treadmill exercise increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of BDNF,TrkB,and CREB in the hippocampus of CCI rats(P＜0.05).Conclusions Four weeks of treadmill exercise alleviates mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia and anxiety induced by chronic pain in CCI rats.Up-regulation of the BDNF/TrkB-CREB pathway may be one of the mechanisms by which exercise relieves chronic pain and improves anxiety.

Objective:To compare the positioning errors in tracing the body surface markers between radiotherapy placement with or without using the laser positioning coordination system in post-breast conservative surgery patients, and to verify the clinical value of the laser positioning coordination system.Methods:A total of 45 post-breast-conservative surgery patients who underwent radiotherapy in Department of Radiation Oncology of the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from January 2022 to September 2023 were prospectively collected. In the experimental group 1 ( n=15), the initial version of the laser positioning coordination system was employed to trace the body surface markers. In the experimental group 2 ( n=15), the upgraded version of the laser positioning coordination system was adopted to draw the body surface markers. In the control group ( n=15), the body surface markers were traced with conventional approach. All patients were treated with spiral tomotherapy (TOMO), and the error values in the left and right directions ( X), head and foot directions ( Y), ventral and dorsal directions ( Z), and rotation angles (ROLL) before each radiotherapy were recorded. The differences in the positioning errors among the three groups were analyzed by t-test. Results:The positioning errors in the X, Y, Z directions and ROLL in the experimental group 1 were (3.10±2.43) mm, (4.36±3.45) mm, (2.29±2.49) mm and 0.95°±0.88°, and (2.88±2.28) mm, (3.58±2.95) mm, (2.40±2.54) mm, and 0.70°±0.70° in the experimental group 2, and (4.32±3.48) mm, (5.49±4.74) mm, (2.61±3.38) mm and 1.22°±1.16° in the control group, respectively. Statistical significance was observed in the differences of positioning errors in the X, Y directions and ROLL between the experimental group 1 and control group ( t=4.32, 2.89, 2.78, P < 0.001, =0.004, =0.006), respectively. Statistical significance was detected in the differences of positioning errors in the X, Y directions and ROLL between the experimental group 2 and control group ( t=5.20, 5.14, 5.82, all P<0.001). Statistical significance was noted in the differences of positioning errors in the Y direction and ROLL between the experimental group 1 and 2 ( t=2.58, 3.41, P=0.010, 0.001). Conclusion:The laser positioning coordination system-assisted tracing the body surface marking line can significantly reduce the positioning errors in the X and Y directions and ROLL, and the upgraded version of the laser positioning coordination system can further reduce the positioning errors in the Y direction and ROLL compared with the initial version, which is of high clinical application value.

Objective:To investigate the clinical and genetic features of the patient with neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by thickened corpus callosum caused by MAST1 gene mutation. Methods:Clinical data and auxiliary examination of a child with neurodevelopmental disorders caused by MAST1 gene mutation who was admitted to Henan Children′s Hospital in September 2022 were collected, and whole exome sequencing technology was applied to analyze the genetics of the child. Results:The patient was a 2 years and 8 months old male, with a clinical phenotype including intellectual, motor, and speech development disorders. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed thickened corpus callosum, nodular heterotopia of the left ventricle body.Whole exome sequencing showed the MAST1 gene with c.578T>G(p.Met193Arg) heterozygous missense variant, which was a unreported de novo pathogenic variant and both of his parents were wild-type. Conclusions:Diseases caused by MAST1 gene mutations are relatively rare, the main clinical features are neurodevelopmental disorders and brain structural abnormalities, and MRI shows an enlarged corpus callosum.The heterozygous missense variant c.578T>G(p.Met193Arg) of the MAST1 gene is the genetic cause of this case.

Background::Transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) is a vascular complication after kidney transplantation associated with poor outcomes. This study aimed to analyze the efficacy and safety of low-dose aspirin for preventing TRAS.Methods::After kidney transplantation, patients were enrolled from January 2018 to December 2020 in Henan Provincial People’s Hospital. A total of 351 enrolled recipients were randomized to an aspirin group with low-dose intake of aspirin in addition to standard treatment ( n = 178), or a control group with only standard treatment ( n = 173). The patients was initially diagnosed as TRAS (id-TRAS) by Doppler ultrasound, and confirmed cases were diagnosed by DSA (c-TRAS). Results::In the aspirin and control groups, 15.7% (28/178) and 22.0% (38/173) of the recipients developed id-TRAS, respectively, with no statistical difference. However, for c-TRAS, the difference of incidence and cumulative incidence was statistically significant. The incidence of c-TRAS was lower in the aspirin group compared with the control group (2.8% [5/178] vs. 11.6% [20/173], P = 0.001). Kaplan–Meier estimates and Cox regression model identified the cumulative incidence and hazard ratio (HR) of TRAS over time in two groups, showing that recipients treated with aspirin had a significantly lower risk of c-TRAS than those who were not treated (log-rank P = 0.001, HR = 0.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.09–0.62). The levels of platelet aggregation rate ( P < 0.001), cholesterol ( P = 0.028), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( P = 0.003) in the aspirin group were decreased compared with the control group in the third-month post-transplantation. For the incidence of adverse events, there was no statistical difference. Conclusion::Clinical application of low-dose aspirin after renal transplant could prevent the development of TRAS with no significant increase in adverse effects.Trial Registration::Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04260828.

Purpose: Bone destruction and pain caused by cancer is one of the most devastating complications of cancer patients with bone metastases, and it seriously affects the quality of patients’ life. Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) is a cell adhesion molecule with increased expression in a variety of tumors. This study focused to clarify the specific function of EMMPRIN in bone metastasis of breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Adenovirus with shRNA-EMMPRIN was transfected into MRMT-1 rat breast carcinoma cells, and the MRMT-1 cells with different expression levels of EMMPRIN were implanted into the bone marrow cavity of rat tibia. Next, the effect of down-regulation of EMMPRIN was evaluated as follows: bone damage was detected by X-ray radiological and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining; the tumor burden was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining; the test of pain-related behaviors was assessed used the bilateral paw withdrawal mechanical threshold; and the levels of secretory factors in tumor conditioned medium were determined by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: We found that down-regulation of EMMPRIN in tumor cells can simultaneously reduce tumor burden, relieve cancer-induced bone destruction and pain. Conclusion: Materials and Methods EMMPRIN is expected to be a therapeutic target for relieving bone metastasis of breast cancer and alleviating cancerinduced bone destruction and pain. The method of targeting EMMPRIN may be a promising strategy for the treatment of cancer in the future.

Purpose: Bone destruction and pain caused by cancer is one of the most devastating complications of cancer patients with bone metastases, and it seriously affects the quality of patients’ life. Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) is a cell adhesion molecule with increased expression in a variety of tumors. This study focused to clarify the specific function of EMMPRIN in bone metastasis of breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Adenovirus with shRNA-EMMPRIN was transfected into MRMT-1 rat breast carcinoma cells, and the MRMT-1 cells with different expression levels of EMMPRIN were implanted into the bone marrow cavity of rat tibia. Next, the effect of down-regulation of EMMPRIN was evaluated as follows: bone damage was detected by X-ray radiological and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining; the tumor burden was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining; the test of pain-related behaviors was assessed used the bilateral paw withdrawal mechanical threshold; and the levels of secretory factors in tumor conditioned medium were determined by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: We found that down-regulation of EMMPRIN in tumor cells can simultaneously reduce tumor burden, relieve cancer-induced bone destruction and pain. Conclusion: Materials and Methods EMMPRIN is expected to be a therapeutic target for relieving bone metastasis of breast cancer and alleviating cancerinduced bone destruction and pain. The method of targeting EMMPRIN may be a promising strategy for the treatment of cancer in the future.

【Objective】 To explore the incidence rate and characteristics of hepatitis-C virus (HCV) infection in heroin addicts with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in Xi’an so as to provide a basis for pulmonary TB and HCV prevention and control measures. 【Methods】 We carried out behavior investigation and serological detection of 219 heroin addicts with pulmonary TB infection in Xi’an Eighth Hospital. We analyzed HCV infection risk factors by Chi-square test and multi-factor Logistic regression method. 【Results】 The prevalence of HCV infection in heroin addicts with pulmonary TB was 71.2% and 92.9% in injected drug users (IDUs). The HCV infection rate was higher than the infection rate of HBV (10.9%) and HIV (5.9%) in heroin addicts with pulmonary TB. The major infection risk factors were intravenous injection (OR=18.632, 95% CI: 8.146-41.284) and longer duration of drug use (OR=1.428, 95% CI: 1.086-1.876). 【Conclusion】 The study found high HCV infection rate in heroin addicts with pulmonary TB and that the independent risk factors are the drug injection and duration of drug use. In order to prevent further spread of HCV in heroin addicts with pulmonary TB, we should establish and perfect the management system of HCV infection.