Objective: To explore sex difference in the cardiovascular health (CVH) status of 6-8 year old children in Beijing, so as to inform the early intervention of CVH related lifestyles. Methods: Based on the Beijing Children s Growth and Health Cohort (PROC), baseline physical examination, sequential questionnaire survey, and laboratory tests were conducted among 1 914 grade 1 students. Children s CVH and its subscales (health behaviors and health factors) scores were calculated according to the Life s Essential 8 (LE 8) index and categorized into high, moderate, and low CVH. CVH scores were reported as medians and interquartile ranges; sex differences were compared using the Chi square test and Wilcoxon test. Results: Among the 1 914 participants, the percentages of high, moderate, and low CVH were 35.7%, 63.5%, and 0.8%, respectively, and the percentages of high, moderate, and low health behavior scores were 25.9%, 67.5%, and 6.6%, respectively, with no statistically significant differences between sex ( χ 2=2.30, 0.07, P >0.05). The rates of high, moderate, and low health factor scores for boys and girls were 61.1%, 36.0%, 2.9% and 71.1%, 28.4%, 0.5%, respectively, with a statistically significant sex difference ( χ 2=31.88, P < 0.01). The overall CVH score was 76.0(70.0, 83.0), 76.0(69.0, 82.0) for boys, and 77.0(71.0, 83.0) for girls. Among the health behavior metrics, sleep scores were the best and physical activity scores were the worst[100.0(90.0,100.0), 40.0(20.0, 80.0 )]; among the health factor metrics, blood glucose scores were the best and lipid scores were the worst[100.0(100.0,100.0), 60.0(40.0,100.0)]. In respect to health factors, there were significant gender differences in body mass index, blood lipids, blood sugar, and blood pressure scores ( Z =-6.92, 3.01, -6.60, -2.30, <0.05), but there were no significant gender differences in diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, or sleep scores with regards to health behaviors ( Z =0.99, 0.88, -0.13, 0.36, P > 0.05 ). Compared to boys, girls in the low and moderate CVH groups had high health factor scores despite low health behavior scores. Conclusion Most 6 to 8-year-old children in Beijing were found to have relatively good CVH, and optimization of children s CVH status can be achieved by promoting healthier lifestyles and monitoring health factors, especially among boys.

Methamphetamine(METH)is highly addictive and neurotoxic,which causes cognitive and memory dysfunction in abusers.The harm of METH lies not only in its own toxicity,but also in the high physical and mental dependence of drug addicts,often causing mental disorders and violent behavior,bringing great safety risks to society.Non-coding RNA(ncRNA)does not encode proteins and is an important factor in regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level.Studies have shown that ncRNA plays an important regulatory role in methamphetamine-induced addiction and neurotoxicity,but the specific mechanism is unclear.This article reviews the current research progress of ncRNA in regulating METH-induced addiction and neurotoxicity to provide a reference for ncRNA as a forensic identification index and potential therapeutic target for METH abusers.

Objective:To discuss the clinical features and prognostic factors of adrenal metastases.Methods:The clinical data of 37 patients with adrenal metastases admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from May 2015 to August 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 30 males and 7 females. The median age was 54 (43, 62) years old, including 13 cases aged ≥60 years old and 24 cases aged < 60 years old. There were 22 cases of right metastasis, 12 cases of left metastasis and 3 cases of bilateral metastasis. The maximum diameter of metastatic carcinoma was <3 cm in 10 cases, 3-6 cm in 18 cases, and >6 cm in 9 cases. There were 20 cases of synchronous metastasis (diagnosed with adrenal metastasis at the same time as the primary tumor) and 17 cases of metachronous metastasis (found after the diagnosis of primary tumor). There were 20 cases of adrenal metastasis alone and 17 cases of adrenal metastasis combined with other distant metastasis. 16 cases underwent adrenalectomy, 15 cases underwent adrenalectomy combined with other organ resection, and 6 cases underwent ultrasound-guided needle biopsy. 18 patients were treated with surgery alone, and 19 patients were treated with combined treatment (surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, interventional therapy and seed implantation). There were 12 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, 8 cases of renal clear cell carcinoma, 5 cases of lung adenocarcinoma, 2 cases of colon adenocarcinoma, 2 cases of neuroblastoma, 1 case of renal pelvis carcinoma, 1 case of gastric adenocarcinoma, 1 case of cholangiocarcinoma, 1 case of renal papillary cell carcinoma, 1 case of colon adenosquamous carcinoma, 1 case of thymic small cell carcinoma, 1 case of endometrial carcinoma, and 1 case of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw the survival curve, the log-rank test was used to analyze the relationship between the clinical characteristics of patients and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), and the Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the factors affecting OS.Results:The median follow-up time of the 37 patients was 10 (4, 18.5) months.The overall survival rates at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years were 59.5% (22/37), 43.2% (16/37) and 32.4% (12/37), respectively. The 6-month, 1-year and 2-year overall survival rates of 18 patients who underwent surgery alone were 66.7% (12/18), 44.4% (8/18) and 27.8% (5/18), respectively. The 6 months, 1 year and 2 years overall survival rates of 19 patients with comprehensive treatment were 52.6% (10/19), 42.1% (8/19) and 36.8% (7/19), respectively. There was no significant difference in overall survival rate between the two groups ( P=0.773). Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that the side of metastatic cancer was a risk factor for OS ( P=0.012) and PFS ( P=0.013), and the time of diagnosis of metastatic cancer was a risk factor for OS ( P=0.021). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that, time to diagnosis of metastases ( HR=2.5, 95% CI 1.1-5.4, P=0.021), side of metastases ( HR=3.6, 95% CI 1.5-8.5, P=0.004), pulmonary metastases ( HR=3.6, 95% CI 1.1-11.0, P=0.032) and adenocarcinoma of the primary tumor ( HR=3.2, 95% CI 1.2-8.8, P=0.025) were risk factors for OS. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that simultaneous presence of metastases ( HR=2.6, 95% CI 1.1-6.2, P=0.033) and metastases located on the left side ( HR=3.6, 95% CI 1.5-8.6, P=0.005) were independent risk factors for OS. Conclusions:Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common pathological type of adrenal metastases in this study. Patients may benefit from combined therapy based on surgery. The time of diagnosis, side, tumor origin and pathological type of primary tumor are the prognostic factors of adrenal metastases. Simultaneous presence of metastases and left-sided metastases are independent risk factors for OS in patients with adrenal metastases.

ObjectiveTo observe the efficacy and safety of Uyghur medicine Yangxin Dawayimixike Honey Paste （养心达瓦依米西克蜜膏， YDMHP） in the treatment of stable angina pectoris （SAP） of qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome. MethodsA randomized ， double-blind， positive-controlled，multi-center clinical trial was conducted， in which 370 patients with SAP of qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome were randomly divided into treatment group（279 cases）and control group（91cases）at a ratio of 3∶1. The treatment group was orally administered with YDMHP， 3 g each time， and placebo of Xuefu Zhuyu Capsule （血府逐瘀胶囊）， 2.4 g each time， while the control group was treated with Xuefu Zhuyu Capsule， 2.4 g each time， and placebo of YDMHP， 3 g each time， both twice a day for a course of 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the effect of angina pectoris symptom. The secondary outcomes include single angina symptom scores such as number of attacks， duration of attacks， pain intensity and usae of nitroglycerin scores， the total angina symptom score before and after the treatment， the usage of nitroglycerin， the exercise duration in treadmill exercise test （TET） and the Duck treadmill score among patients，the scores of Seattle Angina Questionnaire （SAQ） on five dimensions including physical limitations， anginal stability， anginal frequency， treatment satisfaction， and disease perception， and efficacy of TCM syndrome and of each single TCM symptom after treatment. The safety were evaluated by examine blood routine， urine routine， liver and kidney function， fasting blood sugar， electrocardiogram， adverse events. ResultsThe total effective rate of angina symptom in the treatment group was 71.69% （200/279）， significantly higher than 51.64% （47/91） in the control group （P＜0.01）. The curative and markedly effective rate of TCM syndrome in the treatment group was 53.05% （148/279）， which was significantly higher than 25.27% （23/91） in the control group （P＜0.01）. After treatment， scores of the number as well as duration of angina attacks and pain severity， the total score of angina symptoms， and the usage of nitroglycerin significantly decreased in both groups， and more changes were seen in the treatment group than in the control group； the scores of physical limitations， anginal stability， anginal frequency， treatment satisfaction， and disease perception in both groups significantly increased， and more improvement were shown in the experimental group regarding the anginal stability， anginal frequency and treatment satisfaction （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The effects of chest pain， chest tightness， palpitation， shortness of breath and fatigue in experimental group were significantly higher than those in control group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. There was no significant difference in the exercise duration of treadmill test and Duke score among patients between the two groups either before or after treatment （P＞0.05）. Adverse events occurred in 66 cases （23.66%） of the experimental group and 16 cases （17.58%） of the control group， with no statistical significance between the two groups （P＞0.05）. ConclusionThe Uyghur medicine YDMHP can effectively improve symptoms of angina pectoris， reduce the number， duration， and intensity of attacks， decrease the dosage of nitrogly-cerin and improve the individual TCM symptoms and has good safety in the treatment of SAP patients of qi stagnation and blood stasis.

Background::Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and diameter, stiffness, and wave reflections, are independent and important clinical biomarkers and risk predictors for cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of the present study was to establish nationwide reference values of carotid properties for healthy Chinese adults and to explore potential clinical determinants.Methods::A total of 3053 healthy Han Chinese adults (1922 women) aged 18-79 years were enrolled at 28 collaborating tertiary centers throughout China between April 2021 and July 2022. The real-time tracking of common carotid artery walls was achieved by the radio frequency (RF) ultrasound system. The IMT, diameter, compliance coefficient, β stiffness, local pulse wave velocity (PWV), local systolic blood pressure, augmented pressure (AP), and augmentation index (AIx) were then automatically measured and reported. Data were stratified by age groups and sex. The relationships between age and carotid property parameters were analyzed by Jonckheere-Terpstra test and simple linear regressions. The major clinical determinants of carotid properties were identified by Pearson’s correlation, multiple linear regression, and analyses of covariance.Results::All the parameters of carotid properties demonstrated significantly age-related trajectories. Women showed thinner IMT, smaller carotid diameter, larger AP, and AIx than men. The β stiffness and PWV were significantly higher in men than women before forties, but the differences reversed after that. The increase rate of carotid IMT (5.5 μm/year in women and 5.8 μm/year in men) and diameter (0.03 mm/year in both men and women) were similar between men and women. For the stiffness and wave reflections, women showed significantly larger age-related variations than men as demonstrated by steeper regression slopes (all P for age by sex interaction <0.05). The blood pressures, body mass index (BMI), and triglyceride levels were identified as major clinical determinants of carotid properties with adjustment of age and sex. Conclusions::The age- and sex-specific reference values of carotid properties measured by RF ultrasound for healthy Chinese adults were established. The blood pressures, BMI, and triglyceride levels should be considered for clinical application of corresponding reference values.

Background/Aims: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an incurable, relapsing-remitting inflammatory disease that increases steadily. Mucosal healing has become the primary therapeutic objective for UC. Nevertheless, endoscopic assessments are invasive, expensive, time-consuming, and inconvenient. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a noninvasive predictive model to monitor endoscopic activity in patients with UC. Methods: Clinical data of 198 adult patients with UC were collected from January 2016 to August 2022 at Huadong Hospital, China. Results: Patients with UC were randomly divided into the training cohort (70%, n=138) and the validation cohort (30%, n=60). The receiver operating characteristic curve value for the training group was 0.858 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.781 to 0.936), whereas it was 0.845 (95% CI, 0.731 to 0.960) for the validation group. The calibration curve employed the Hosmer-Lemeshow test (p>0.05) to demonstrate the consistency between the predicted and the actual probabilities in the nomogram of these two groups. The decision curve analysis validated that the nomogram had clinical usefulness. Conclusions The nomogram, which incorporated activated partial thromboplastin time, fecal occult blood test, β2-globulin level, and fibrinogen degradation products, served as a prospective tool for evaluating UC activity in clinical practices.

Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture model is a system that co-culture carriers with 3D structural materials and different types of cells in vitro to simulate the microenvironment in vivo. This novel cell culture model has been proved to be close to the natural system in vivo. In the process of cell attachment, migration, mitosis and apoptosis, it could produce biological reactions different from that of monolayer cell culture. Therefore, it can be used as an ideal model to evaluate the dynamic pharmacological effects of active substances and the metastasis process of cancer cells. This paper compared and analyzed the different characteristics of cell growth and development under two-dimensional (2D) and 3D model culture and introduced the establishment method of 3D cell model. The application progress of 3D cell culture technology in tumor model and intestinal absorption model was summarized. Finally, the application prospect of 3D cell model in the evaluation and screening of active substance was revealed. This review is expected to provide reference for the development and application of new 3D cell culture models.
Cell Culture Techniques, Three Dimensional ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Apoptosis ; Cell Proliferation ; Technology

BACKGROUND: With the aging of the population and the increased importance of lung cancer screening, the number of early-stage lung cancer patients has been on the rise in recent years, which can be classified into operable early-stage lung cancer and inoperable early-stage lung cancer. The most common pathological type is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is the optimal treatment for inoperable early-stage NSCLC. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognosis of early-stage NSCLC patients treated with SBRT and its influencing factors in order to reduce the side effects of radiotherapy and improve the survival and quality of life. METHODS: Clinical data and follow-up outcomes of early-stage NSCLC patients treated with SBRT in our hospital from August 2010 to August 2020 were collected. Kaplan-Meier method was used to assess the prognosis, and the Cox proportional risk model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis. RESULTS: A total of 165 patients were included with a median follow-up time of 43.2 (range: 4.8-132.1) mon. The local control (LC) rates at 1-yr, 2-yr and 5-yr were 98.1%, 94.8% and 86.5% respectively. Karnofsky performance status (KPS) score greater than 80 was an independent prognostic factor for LC (P=0.02). The overall survival (OS) rates at 1-yr, 2-yr and 5-yr were 97.6%, 93.0% and 68.9% respectively. A biological equivalent dose when α/β=10 (BED10) greater than 132 Gy was an independent prognostic factor for OS (P=0.04). Progression-free survival (PFS) rates at 1-yr, 2-yr and 5-yr were 93.3%, 79.5% and 55.3% respectively. The distance metastasis free survival (DMFS) rates at 1-yr, 2-yr and 5-yr were 94.5%, 83.2% and 58.4% respectively. BED10 greater than 150 Gy was an independent prognostic factor for DMFS (P=0.02). The regional control (RC) rates at 1-yr, 2-yr and 5-yr were 98.8%, 95.4% and 87.9% respectively. CONCLUSIONS SBRT is effective in treating early-stage NSCLC. KPS greater than 80 is an independent prognostic factor for LC; BED10 greater than 132 Gy is an independent prognostic factor for OS; BED10 greater than 150 Gy is an independent prognostic factor for DMFS.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology* ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology* ; Radiosurgery/methods* ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Quality of Life ; Prognosis ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics of primary retroperitoneal tumors (PRT).Methods:All PRT cases undergoing surgical resection during recent 10 years at our center were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Tumors in all 92 cases were of malignant in 64 cases, borderline in 10 and benign PRT in 18, among which liposarcoma and leiomyosarcoma were the most common types. The tumor size and Ki-67 was significantly higher in malignant compared to borderline or benign PRT. The multifocal rate was 50%, en-bloc resection rate was 72%, R 0 rate was 61%, and combined organ resection rate was 41% in malignant PRTs. Small intestine and the colon were the most frequently resected organs. During 9.3 years of follow-up period, the 1-, 3- and 5-year cumulative reoperation rate of malignant PRT was 10.6%, 44.7% and 62.9%, respectively, and the median re-operation period was 4.0 years. The 1-, 3- and 5-year cumulative survival rate was 90.1%, 73.0% and 64.2%, respectively, and the median survival period was 6.1 years. None of postoperative borderline or benign PRT recurred or needed re-operation or deceased. Conclusion:Most of PRTs were malignant, presenting themsehies as a challenge to surgery with unfaror prognosis.

Objective:To investigate the prognostic value and related factors of heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) in patients with heart failure.Methods:A total of 877 consecutive patients who were admitted to heart failure care unit of Fuwai hospital and diagnosed as heart failure from July 2015 to July 2017 were enrolled in this study. Baseline serum H-FABP concentration was measured by fluorescence lateral flow immunoassay. According to serum H-FABP levels, patients were divided into three groups: low H-FABP group (H-FABP≤4.04 ng/ml, n=292), middle H-FABP group (H-FABP 4.04-7.02 ng/ml, n=292) and high H-FABP group (H-FABP≥7.02 ng/ml, n=293). The general clinical characteristics were collected and compared among the three groups. According to whether heart failure was caused by coronary artery disease or not, patients with heart failure were divided into ischemic heart failure and non-ischemic heart failure. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to explore the independent risk factors of H-FABP. The primary endpoint events were the composite of all-cause death or heart transplantation. Multivariate Cox regression analyses, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, risk prediction tests with multivariate Cox regression model and Kaplan-Meier analyses were conducted to investigate the relationship between H-FABP and the prognosis of heart failure. Results:Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that age, coronary artery disease, alanine aminotransferase, uric acid and N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were positively associated with H-FABP (β=0.012, 0.238, 0.001, 0.345 and 0.063 respectively,all P<0.05), while female, hemoglobin, albumin, sodium, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were negatively associated with H-FABP (β=-0.184, -0.006, -0.016, -0.034 and -0.006 respectively, all P<0.05). One hundred and nineteen patients (13.6%) lost to follow-up, and 246 patients (32.5%) suffered from all-cause death or heart transplantation during the median follow-up duration of 931 (412-1 185) days. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that baseline H-FABP (log 2H-FABP) level was the independent predictor of all-cause death or heart transplantation in patients with heart failure ( HR=1.39, P<0.001). ROC curves showed that baseline H-FABP was a predictor of all-cause death or heart transplantation in patients with heart failure within 3 months, 1 year and 2 years (areas under the curves were 0.69, 0.69 and 0.71 respectively), and the best cut-off values were 5.85 ng/ml, 6.54 ng/ml and 6.54 ng/ml respectively. Risk prediction test with multivariate Cox regression model showed that baseline H-FABP could provide additional prognostic value in predicting all-cause death or heart transplantation for patients with heart failure on top of basic model and baseline NT-proBNP ( P<0.001). Taking 6.54 ng/ml and trisected levels of H-FABP as cut-off values respectively, Kaplan-Meier analyses showed that the survival rates were significantly different among the two or three groups ( P<0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that baseline H-FABP (log 2H-FABP) level was an independent predictor of all-cause death or heart transplantation in patients with ischemic heart failure ( HR=1.74, P<0.001), as well as in patients with non-ischemic heart failure ( HR=1.28, P=0.027). Conclusions:Age, sex, coronary artery disease, hemoglobin, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, sodium, eGFR, uric acid and NT-proBNP are associated with H-FABP level. Baseline H-FABP level is an independent predictor of all-cause death or heart transplantation in patients with heart failure. On top of basic model and baseline NT-proBNP, baseline H-FABP could provide additional prognostic value in predicting adverse events for patients with heart failure.