Objective To investigate the prevalence of Echinococcus infections in small rodents around human residential areas in Yushu City, Qinghai Province in 2023, so as to provide insights into precision echinococcosis control. Methods One or two quadrats, each measuring 50 m × 50 m, were randomly assigned in Shanglaxiu Township and Longbao Township, Yushu City, Qinghai Province on June 2023, respectively, and 300 plate-type mouse traps, each measuring 12.0 cm × 6.5 cm, were assigned in each quadrat. Small rodents were captured during the period between 10 : 00 and 18 : 00 each day for 4 days. Then, all captured small rodents were identified and dissected, and liver specimens with suspected Echinococcus infections were subjected to pathological examinations. The Echinococcus cytochrome c oxidase 1 (cox1) gene was amplified using PCR assay, and the sequence of the amplified product was aligned to that was recorded in the GenBank to characterize the parasite species. In addition, a phylogenetic tree of Echinococcus was generated based on the cox1 gene sequence using the neighbor-joining method. Results A total of 236 small rodents were captured in Shanglaxiu and Longbao townships, Yushu City, including 65 Qinghai voles and 51 plateau pikas in Shanglaxiu Township, and 62 Qinghai voles and 58 plateau pikas in Longbao Township, and there was no significant difference in the constituent ratio of small rodents between the two townships (χ² = 0.294, P > 0.05). Seven plateau pikas and 12 Qinghai voles were suspected to be infected with Echinococcus by dissection, and pathological examinations showed unclear structure of hepatic lobules and disordered hepatocyte arrangement in livers of small rodents suspected of Echinococcus infections. PCR assay identified E. shiquicus DNA in 7 Qinghai voles, which were all captured from Shanglaxiu Township. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the cox1 gene sequence of Echinococcus in small rodents was highly homologous to the E. shiquicus cox1 gene sequence reported previously. Conclusion Plateau pika and Qinghai vole were predominant small rodents around human residential areas in Yushu City, Qinghai Province in 2023, and E. shiquicus infection was detected in Qinghai voles.

ObjectiveTo simulate the microstructure and mechanical properties of tendon tissue and promote its regeneration and repair, electrospinning technology was used to prepare L-polylactic acid (PLLA) fiber membranes loaded with different nano zinc oxide contents and with oriented structures. Physical and chemical characterization and biological performance evaluation were carried out to explore their effects on tendon cell proliferation and differentiation. MethodsPreparation of PLLA fiber scaffolds and PLLA/ZnO fiber scaffolds containing different mass fractions of nano ZnO was performed using electrospinning technology. The physicochemical properties of the scaffold were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, mechanical stretching, and EDS spectroscopy. The scaffold was co-cultured with mouse tendon cells to detect its biocompatibility and regulatory effects on cell differentiation behavior. ResultsThe fiber scaffolds were arranged in an oriented manner, and zinc elements were uniformly distributed in the fibers. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus of PLLA/0.1%ZnO fiber scaffolds were significantly higher than PLLA fiber scaffolds. The number of cells on the surface of PLLA/0.1%ZnO fiber scaffold was significantly higher than that of the PLLA group, and the activity was better; mouse tendon cells exhibit directional adhesion and growth along the fiber arrangement direction. ConclusionThe oriented PLLA/0.1%ZnO fiber scaffold had excellent physicochemical properties, which can significantly promote the oriented growth, proliferation and differentiation of tendon cells. It is expected to be used for tendon tissue regeneration and repair in the future.

ObjectiveSodium hyaluronate (HA) was used as the research object to modify it with phenolic acid in order to obtain the molecular structure with better antioxidant activity or even new activity. MethodsIn this study, 5 kinds of phenolic acid-sodium hyaluronate was prepared by free radical-mediated grafting method, and the grafts with the highest grafting degree were selected to optimize the synthesis conditions. Then, grafts structure and physicochemical properties were analyzed. The grafts were characterized by IR, UV, ¹H NMR, FESEM and TGA spectra. The in vitro antioxidant capacity of grafts was determined by the scavenging ability of DPPH·, ABTS⁺· and O^2-·. ResultsAmong 5 kinds of phenolic acid-sodium hyaluronate, the grafting rate of ferulic acid-sodium hyaluronate copolymer (FA-HA) was highest , which was chosen as experimental sample in the following tests. Firstly, the reaction conditions were investigated and the highest grafting rate was (16.59±0.31) mg/g at the optimal preparation conditions. Then, FA-HA structure and physicochemical properties were analyzed. Data from UV, IR, ¹H NMR analyses, TGA showed that FA were successfully grafted to HA. Compared with HA, the results of gel permeation chrematography (GPC) showed that the molecular mass distribution ofFA-HA copolymer decreased from 34.4 to 31.5 ku, but the uniformity of molecular distribution was improved. FESEM results showed that the structure of copolymer exhibited a closely connected lamellar structure with a relatively smooth surface. TGA results showed that thermal stability of FA-HA had a little decline. The antioxidant performance in vitro results showed that, during 0.25-10 g/L, FA-HA can eliminate (83.76±4.86)% DPPH·, (76.95±5.06)% ABTS⁺· and (83.08±2.51)% O^2-· respectively at 10 g/L. which were higher than that of native HA and FA. ConclusionFA and HA were successfully grafted together by free radical grafting, and the grafted FA-HA had better antioxidant activity in vitro, which provided a theoretical basis for further research and development of phenolic acid-HA grafts.

Objective To understand the present situation of the standardization of separate serving chopsticks and ladles provided by catering service providers in Shanghai,and to analyze the influencing factors.Methods A total of 971 catering service providers from extra large,medium and small restaurant in 16 administrative districts of Shanghai were investigated with a self-designed questionnaire using stratified two-stage sampling method between Sep and Nov 2023,mainly concentrate on thesituation and reasons of providing separate serving chopsticks and ladles and their compliance with standards.Logistic regression was used to explore the influencing factors.Results Among the 971 units surveyed,there were 911 catering service(93.8%)providers that provided separate serving chopsticks and ladles.The main reason for providing separate serving chopsticks and ladles is for improving high quality of catering service.Binary Logistic analysis showed that catering service providers with large scale restaurant(large:OR=2.08,95%CI:2.03-2.12;medium:OR=1.99,95%CI:1.96-2.02),good quantitative level of food safety(OR=1.84,95%CI:1.83-1.85),named Shanghai Green Restaurant(OR=1.11,95%CI:1.09-1.12),known as time-honored brand(OR=1.20,95%CI:1.17-1.22),regularly acceptance of law enforcement inspections(OR=6.99,95%CI:6.91-7.07),knowledge of relevant regulation(OR=5.77,95%CI:5.70-5.85)and more channels for understanding standards(OR=1.23,95%CI:1.21-1.25)were more likely to provide separate serving chopsticks and ladles.The situation that strictly follow the fully standard requirements of separate serving chopsticks and ladles to provide 8 types of catering conducts was unsatisfactory(14.1%).Logistic analysis showed that catering service providers with large scale restaurant(extra large:OR=6.42,95%CI:2.52-16.33;large:OR=4.29,95%CI:2.24-8.21;medium:OR=3.21,95%CI:1.76-5.87)and the provision of separate serving chopsticks and ladles for more than 3 years(OR=3.1,95%CI:1.09-9.02)had a higher percentage of providing separate serving chopsticks and ladles in accordance with specification.Conclusion The overall provision of separate serving chopsticks and ladles by catering service providers in Shanghai is satisfactory.The scale of restaurant,quantitative level of food safety and named Shanghai Green Restaurant are possible main factors for providing separate serving chopsticks and ladles of catering service providers.However,the implementation is not good according to the standardization.The different scale of restaurant and the time of the provision of separate chopsticks and ladles are possible factors for providing separate serving chopsticks and ladles in accordance with specification.

Objective To investigate the differences of characteristic of bone marrow plasma cells in patients of different plasma cell dyscrasias according to International Myeloma Working Group(IMWG)criteria.Methods We analyzed the serological and bone marrow flow cytometry results of patients with plasma cell dyscrasias diagnosed and treated in Department of Hematology,Zhongshan Hospital(Xiamen Branch),Fudan University from Jun 12,2019 to Sep 5,2023 retrospectively.Results A total of 102 patients,63 males and 39 females,aged 22 to 85 years,were included,including 46 patients with monoclonal gammaglobulinemia of unknown significance,39 patients with multiple myeloma,5 patients with smoldering multiple myeloma and 12 patients with light-chain amyloidosis.All patients had M proteinemia,including 58 patients with IgG type and 44 patients with non-IgG type.Plasma cells were detected in the bone marrow of all patients.Clonal plasma cells were detected in the bone marrow of 79 patients.Normal plasma cells were detected in the bone marrow of 63 patients.Both clonal and normal plasma cells were detected in the bone marrow of 40 patients.Clonal plasma cells from bone marrow of 52 patients expressed CD56 and 12 patients expressed CD117.There were no significant differences in gender,age among different disease groups.There were statistical differences in M protein type,the concentration of M protein,serum involved/uninvolved free light chain ratio,the proportion of plasma cells in bone marrow nucleated cells,the proportion of clonal plasma cells in bone marrow nucleated cells,the proportion of clonal plasma cells in all bone marrow plasma cells,and the proportion of normal plasma cells in all bone marrow plasma cells among different disease groups(P<0.05).There was statistical difference in the expression of CD56 in clonal plasma cells among different disease groups(P=0.009),but no statistical difference in the expression of CD117.Conclusion The proportion of clonal plasma cells to all nucleated cells,the proportion of clonal plasma cells to all plasma cells,and the proportion of CD56 expression in abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow of patients with light amyloidosis were similar to those of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance,but significantly different from those of patients with multiple myeloma.

Objective:To analyze the clinical phenotype and genetic characteristics of a Chinese pedigree affected with Hereditary antithrombin deficiency.Methods:A pedigree diagnosed at the the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Yuying Children’s Hospital in June, 2020 was selected as the study subject. Plasma prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (FIB), and thrombin time (TT) of the probands and their pedigree members were determined using a STA-R automatic coagulation analyzer. Antithrombin activity (AT: A) and antithrombin antigen (AT: Ag) in plasma were determined with chromogenic substrate and immunonephelometry assays. All exons and flanking sequences of the anticoagulant protein gene SERPINC1 were amplified by PCR and subjected to Sanger sequencing. Candidate variants were verified with bioinformatic tools (PolyPhen-2, SIFT, Mutation Taster and PYMOL) to explore their effect on the function and structural conformation of the protein. Results:The probands (Ⅱ 2, Ⅱ 10), their brother (Ⅱ 5) and sons (Ⅲ 1, Ⅲ 8) had shown normal PT, APTT, FIB, and TT, but significantly decreased AT: A and AT: Ag, with their levels being 34%, 57%, 56%, 48%, 53% and 13.51 mg/dL, 13.44 mg/dL, 18.39 mg/dL, 17.36 mg/dL, 17.71 mg/dL, respectively. The remaining pedigree members had normal values. Sanger sequencing revealed that the probands and all affected pedigree members had harbored a heterozygous c. 851T>C (p.Met284Thr) missense variant in exon 5 of the SERPINC1 gene. Bioinformatic analysis and simulation suggested that the variant has resulted in alteration of hydrogen bonds at the c. 851 position, which may affect the structure of the protein. Based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), the variant was classified as pathogenic (PS1+ PM1+ PM5+ PP1+ PP4). Conclusion:The probands and other affected members were all diagnosed with type I hereditary AT deficiency, for which the c. 851 T>C (p.Met284Thr) variant of the SERPINC1 gene may be accountable.

Objective To observe the effects of different doses of Kiwi fruit essence on fibroblast growth factor 2(FGF2)and extracellular regulatory protein kinase 1/2(ERK1/2)in lung tissue of rats with pulmonary fibrosis.Methods SD rats were divided into blank control group(0.9％NaCl),model group(0.9％NaCl),positive control group(5 mg·kg-1 prednesone acetate),experimental group-L,-M,-H(60,120,180 mg·kg-1 Kiwi fruit essence),except the blank control group was injected with 0.9％NaCl at one time.The other groups were injected 5 mg·kg-1 bleomycin A5 into the trachea to construct the rat pulmonary fibrosis model.The expressions of FGF2 and ERK1/2 proteins and mRNA were detected by Western blot and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results The relative expression levels of FGF2 protein in blank control group,model group,positive control group and experimental group-L,-M,-H groups on the day 28 were 0.07±0.01,0.63±0.15,0.14±0.02,0.16±0.01,0.26±0.02 and 0.44±0.03,respectively;the relative expression levels of ERK1/2 protein on day 28 were 0.06±0.00,0.41±0.05,0.09±0.00,0.10±0.00,0.14±0.02,0.21±0.02,respectively;the relative expression levels of FGF2 mRNA on day 28 were 0.98±0.05,9.32±1.03,2.21±0.32,2.87±0.44,5.32±0.21,6.37±0.66,respectively;the relative expression levels of ERK1/2 mRNA on day 28 were 1.00±0.01,9.22±0.85,1.93±0.63,2.36±0.54,5.34±0.44 and 6.85±1.09,respectively.The above indexes in the model group were significantly different from those in the blank control group(all P＜0.05).The above indexes in the positive control group and the experimental-L,-M,-H groups were significantly different from those in the model group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Kiwi essence may inhibit pulmonary fibrosis by regulating the expression of FGF2 and ERK1/2.

Objective To investigate the renal protective effect and mechanism of sodium acetate(Ace)on hyperuricemic nephropathy(HN)in mice.Methods Uric acid nephropathy mice model was prepared by intraperitoneal injection of potassium oxonate combined with adenine gavage.Mice were divided into blank control group(0.9％NaCl+0.5％carboxymethyl cellulose sodium),Ace group(200 mmol·L-1 Ace+0.5％carboxymethyl cellulose sodium),model group(0.9％NaCl+350 mg·kg-1 potassium oxonate+70 mg·kg-1 adenine),and experimental group(based on model group with additional 200 mmol·L-1 Ace).Serum and urine uric acid(UA)and serum creatinine(SCr)levels were observed in each group.Real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was used to detect the expression levels of kidney injury molecule-1(Kim-1)and anti-aging gene Klotho,renal fibrosis markers Collagen Ⅰ and Fibronectin,intestinal inflammation-related factors interleukin-1 β(IL-1 β),and mRNA expression levels of tight junction proteins Zo-1.Results The serum UA levels of blank control group,Ace group,model group,and experimental group mice were(259.52±24.40),(227.71±35.91),(604.06±73.55),and(496.24±30.16)μmol·L-1,respectively;SCr levels were(16.85±0.40),(16.18±0.94),(22.38±1.56),and(19.78±1.43)μmol·L-1;Kim-1 mRNA relative expression levels were 1.04±0.25,1.17±0.28,13.00±2.87,and 4.24±3.92;Klotho mRNA relative expression levels were 1.04±0.15,1.02±0.18,0.43±0.12,and 0.69±0.12;Collagen Ⅰ mRNA relative expression levels were 1.05±0.15,1.02±0.18,3.19±1.09,and 1.61±0.55;Fibronectin mRNA relative expression levels were 1.07±0.18,1.02±0.25,7.86±2.40,and 3.34±2.10;intestinal IL-1β mRNA relative expression levels were 1.00±0.01,1.01±0.03,2.55±0.63,and 1.21±0.28;intestinal Zo-1 mRNA relative expression levels were 1.00±0.07,1.07±0.09,0.54±0.20,and 0.92±0.17.The above indicators in blank control group compared with model group,and experimental group compared with model group,all showed statistically significant differences(P＜0.05,P＜0.01,P＜0.001).Conclusion Sodium acetate can effectively reduce UA levels in HN mice,significantly improve renal injury and fibrosis,and its mechanism may be related to the improvement of intestinal inflammatory response and up-regulation of intestinal Zo-1/Occuludin pathway to reduce intestinal mucosal permeability.

Objective To explore characteristics of clinical parameters and cytokines in patients with drug-induced liver injury(DILI)caused by different drugs and their correlation with clinical indicators. Method The study was conducted on patients who were up to Review of Uncertainties in Confidence Assessment for Medical Tests(RUCAM)scoring criteria and clinically diagnosed with DILI.Based on Chinese herbal medicine,cardiovascular drugs,non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs),anti-infective drugs,and other drugs,patients were divided into five groups.Cytokines were measured by Luminex technology.Baseline characteristics of clinical biochemical indicators and cytokines in DILI patients and their correlation were analyzed. Results 73 patients were enrolled.Age among five groups was statistically different(P=0.032).Alanine aminotransferase(ALT)(P=0.033)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)(P=0.007)in NSAIDs group were higher than those in chinese herbal medicine group.Interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α)in patients with Chinese herbal medicine(IL-6:P<0.001;TNF-α:P<0.001)and cardiovascular medicine(IL-6:P=0.020;TNF-α:P=0.001)were lower than those in NSAIDs group.There was a positive correlation between ALT(r=0.697,P=0.025),AST(r=0.721,P=0.019),and IL-6 in NSAIDs group. Conclusion Older age may be more prone to DILI.Patients with NSAIDs have more severe liver damage in early stages of DILI,TNF-α and IL-6 may partake the inflammatory process of DILI.

Objective To explore the eradication rate of human papillomavirus(HPV)and gestational outcome of patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial disease of the cervix(HSIL)after loop electrosurgical excision procedure(LEEP)by transvaginal dissection of the vesicorectal form the cervix.Methods A total of 53 patients treated with LEEP by transvaginal dissection of the vesicorectal form the cervix in Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital,Fudan University from Jan to Dec,2019 were investigated.Clinical information of cervical cytological examination,HPV test and cervical biopsy under colposcopy were followed up for 6,12 and 24 months post-LEEP were collected.HPV infection in these 53 patients were compared before and after LEEP surgery.The rate of successful fertility of the cohort,the HPV conversion rate of patients with hysterectomy and LEEP done were compared.The association between the pathological type and positive surgical margin and the association between HPV infection type and positive surgical margin were analyzed.Results HPV infection rate of was 94.3%(50/53)and the proportion of HPV16 and/or 18 infection was 75.5%(40/53).Mono-HPV infection rate(69.8%,37/53)was significantly higher than mixed HPV infection rate(22.7%,13/53).Thirty-eight patients(71.7%)were found with positive surgical margin in previous LEEP operation.Fifteen patients had recurrence(28.3%)and 40 patients(75.5%)successfully delivered baby after surgery.Postoperative pathology was mainly HSIL,accounting for 66%(30/53),and 28.3%patients(15/53)had no pathological change.Forty cases had satisfying fertility-conservative operation outcome with negative surgical margin,and 38 patients eradicated HPV infection after LEEP,which took up 95%of patients with satisfying fertility-conservative operation.There was no significant difference of positive resection margin rate in between groups of HPV16/18 infection and other types.Five cases had successful delivery(12.5%,5/40)with 1 case of vaginal delivery and 4 cases of cesarean section.Among these 5 cases,3 cases undertook preventive cervical cerclage,with 1 case of vaginal delivery and 2 cases of cesarean sections.Conclusion HPV eradication rate and surgical outcome could be significantly improved by LEEP with transvaginal dissection of the vesicorectal from the cervix,which satisfied the fertility preservation of females at reproductive age.