Objective To investigate whether curcumin is a potential drug for the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GIST).Methods The differential genes of imatinib-resistant cells and non-resistant cells were analyzed by cell transcriptology.The antitumor activity of curcumin was verified by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)method,and the concentration of Curcumin ranged from 5 to 80 μg·mL-1for GIST-T1 and GIST-T1/IMR cells.20 μg·mL-1 Curcumin as the experimental group,phosphate buffered solution as the control group.The contents of interleukin-6(IL-6),reactive oxygen species(ROS)and nitric oxide(NO)were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The cell cycle changes were analyzed by flow cytometry.Results Using non-resistant cells as a contrast,the results showed that there were 1 300 up-regulated genes and 1 609 down-regulated genes in imatinib-resistant cells.The 50％inhibiting concentration values of Curcumin on GIST-T1 and GIST-T1/IMR cells were(15.33±1.36)and(10.49±2.12)μg·mL-1,respectively.In GIST-T1 cells,the IL-6 levels in experimental group and control group were(3.45±0.01)and(5.64±0.42)pg·mL-1;the ROS levels were(2 841.42±81.83)and(4 174.32±439.12)pg·mL-1;the iNOS levels were(7.02±0.08)and(8.08±0.03)μmol·L-1,respectively.In GIST-T1/IMR cells,the IL-6 levels in experimental group and control group were(2.47±0.30)and(6.30±0.01)pg·mL-1;the ROS levels were(4 706.40±146.71)and(8 254.34±342.35)pg·mL-1;the iNOS levels were(6.42±0.09)and(7.29±0.04)μmol·L-1,respectively.Among the 2 cells,the differences of above indicators were statistically significant between the experimental group and the control group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Curcumin blocked the cell cycle of GIST-T1 and GIST-T1/IMR in G1 phase,further shortens S phase and G2 phase.Conclusion Curcumin can inhibit the secretion of inflammation and regulate the proliferation of GIST.

Salivary gland (SG) dysfunction, due to radiotherapy, disease, or aging, is a clinical manifestation that has the potential to cause severe oral and/or systemic diseases and compromise quality of life. Currently, the standard-of-care for this condition remains palliative. A variety of approaches have been employed to restore saliva production, but they have largely failed due to damage to both secretory cells and the extracellular matrix (niche). Transplantation of allogeneic cells from healthy donors has been suggested as a potential solution, but no definitive population of SG stem cells, capable of regenerating the gland, has been identified. Alternatively, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are abundant, well characterized, and during SG development/homeostasis engage in signaling crosstalk with the SG epithelium. Further, the trans-differentiation potential of these cells and their ability to regenerate SG tissues have been demonstrated. However, recent findings suggest that the "immuno-privileged" status of allogeneic adult MSCs may not reflect their status post-transplantation. In contrast, autologous MSCs can be recovered from healthy tissues and do not present a challenge to the recipient's immune system. With recent advances in our ability to expand MSCs in vitro on tissue-specific matrices, autologous MSCs may offer a new therapeutic paradigm for restoration of SG function.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells ; Quality of Life ; Regeneration ; Salivary Glands ; Stem Cells

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the incidence of extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) and its risk factors in very preterm infants (VPIs) during hospitalization in China. METHODS: A prospective multicenter study was performed on the medical data of 2 514 VPIs who were hospitalized in the department of neonatology in 28 hospitals from 7 areas of China between September 2019 and December 2020. According to the presence or absence of EUGR based on the evaluation of body weight at the corrected gestational age of 36 weeks or at discharge, the VPIs were classified to two groups: EUGR group (n=1 189) and non-EUGR (n=1 325). The clinical features were compared between the two groups, and the incidence of EUGR and risk factors for EUGR were examined. RESULTS: The incidence of EUGR was 47.30% (1 189/2 514) evaluated by weight. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher weight growth velocity after regaining birth weight and higher cumulative calorie intake during the first week of hospitalization were protective factors against EUGR (P<0.05), while small-for-gestational-age birth, prolonged time to the initiation of total enteral feeding, prolonged cumulative fasting time, lower breast milk intake before starting human milk fortifiers, prolonged time to the initiation of full fortified feeding, and moderate-to-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia were risk factors for EUGR (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS It is crucial to reduce the incidence of EUGR by achieving total enteral feeding as early as possible, strengthening breastfeeding, increasing calorie intake in the first week after birth, improving the velocity of weight gain, and preventing moderate-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia in VPIs.
Female ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Gestational Age ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVES: To explore the optimal maintenance dose of caffeine citrate for preterm infants requiring assisted ventilation and caffeine citrate treatment. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 566 preterm infants (gestational age ≤34 weeks) who were treated and required assisted ventilation and caffeine citrate treatment in the neonatal intensive care unit of 30 tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu Province of China between January 1 and December 31, 2019. The 405 preterm infants receiving high-dose (10 mg/kg per day) caffeine citrate after a loading dose of 20 mg/kg within 24 hours after birth were enrolled as the high-dose group. The 161 preterm infants receiving low-dose (5 mg/kg per day) caffeine citrate were enrolled as the low-dose group. RESULTS: Compared with the low-dose group, the high-dose group had significant reductions in the need for high-concentration oxygen during assisted ventilation (P=0.044), the duration of oxygen inhalation after weaning from noninvasive ventilation (P<0.01), total oxygen inhalation time during hospitalization (P<0.01), the proportion of preterm infants requiring noninvasive ventilation again (P<0.01), the rate of use of pulmonary surfactant and budesonide (P<0.05), and the incidence rates of apnea and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (P<0.01), but the high-dose group had a significantly increased incidence rate of feeding intolerance (P=0.032). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the body weight change, the incidence rates of retinopathy of prematurity, intraventricular hemorrhage or necrotizing enterocolitis, the mortality rate, and the duration of caffeine use (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS This pilot multicenter study shows that the high maintenance dose (10 mg/kg per day) is generally beneficial to preterm infants in China and does not increase the incidence rate of common adverse reactions. For the risk of feeding intolerance, further research is needed to eliminate the interference of confounding factors as far as possible.
Caffeine/therapeutic use* ; Citrates ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Respiration, Artificial ; Retrospective Studies

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), which catalyzes the conversion from L-phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid, is a well-known key enzyme and a connecting step between primary and secondary metabolisms in the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway of plants and microbes. Schisandra chinensis, a woody vine plant belonging to the family of Magnoliaceae, is a rich source of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans exhibiting potent activity. However, the functional role of PAL in the biosynthesis of lignan is relatively limited, compared with those in lignin and flavonoids biosynthesis. Therefore, it is essential to clone and characterize the PAL genes from this valuable medicinal plant. In this study, molecular cloning and characterization of three PAL genes (ScPAL1-3) from S. chinensis was carried out. ScPALs were cloned using RACE PCR. The sequence analysis of the three ScPALs was carried out to give basic characteristics followed by docking analysis. In order to determine their catalytic activity, recombinant protein was obtained by heterologous expression in pCold-TF vector in Escherichia coli (BL21-DE3), followed by Ni-affinity purification. The catalytic product of the purified recombinant proteins was verified using RP-HPLC through comparing with standard compounds. The optimal temperature, pH value and effects of different metal ions were determined. V_max, K_cat and K_m values were determined under the optimal conditions. The expression of three ScPALs in different tissues was also determined. Our work provided essential information for the function of ScPALs.
Cloning, Molecular ; Escherichia coli/metabolism* ; Phenylalanine/metabolism* ; Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase/chemistry* ; Recombinant Proteins ; Schisandra/genetics*

With the development of social economy,people's demand for health services is growing rapidly. As health resource with Chinese characteristics,health food containing Chinese materia medica have broad prospect and great market space for development.However,at present,there are still many problems of health food containing Chinese materia media in the research,development,evaluation and market application. In addition,due to lack of theoretical support of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in the research and development of health food containing Chinese materia media,blurred boundaries between health food containing Chinese materia media and other health products as well as TCM are present,lacking of TCM characteristics. In the evaluation process of health food containing Chinese materia media,the construction of functional food laws,regulations and evaluation norms is relatively lagging behind,which can't meet the needs of health food containing Chinese materia media research and development,severely restricting the development of health food containing Chinese materia media. Based on the research and evaluation of health food containing Chinese materia media,the existing problems were reviewed and the reasons for the deficiencies were analyzed in this paper. Guided by the theory of TCM,based on the constitution identification in TCM,and combined with modern scientific and technological means,a new research and development mode of functional food was put forward in this paper to distinguish health food containing Chinese materia media from TCM as well as general health products. Nevertheless,we should ensure the vitality of Chinese medicine health products with original thinking and scientific and technological connotations,and accelerate the harmonious,rapid and sustainable development of Chinese medicine health industry.
Functional Food ; Industry ; Materia Medica ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Research

Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 2 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Fibroblasts ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Glucosides ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Lung ; cytology ; embryology ; Phenols ; pharmacology ; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism

BACKGROUND: Proximal humeral fracture is a common disease of fall injury in the elderly, because of bone nonunion after treatment with a variety of factors such as senile osteoporosis. Currently, the use of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty has achieved good clinical effect, but has certain limitations. OBJECTIVE: To compare and observe the clinical effects of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty and open reduction and internal plate fixation in the treatment of nonunion of proximal humeral fractures. METHODS: Totally 120 cases of nonunion of proximal humeral fractures were randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 60 cases in each group. The observation group received reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (replacement of artificial shoulder joint). The control group received open reduction and internal plate fixation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Follow-up results: At 3 years after surgery, the pain score was lower in the observation group than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Constant daily activities, range of activities, strength test score, Constant total score, satisfaction and hospitalization expenses were higher in the observation group than in the control group. Functions of flexion, laterotorsion and intorsion were better in the observation group than those in the control group (P < 0.05). (2) Adverse reactions: At 3 years after surgery, 26 and 22 cases had adverse reaction in the observation group and the control group respectively. (3) The results show that the clinical effect of the elders' nonunion of proximal humeral fracture treated with reverse total shoulder arthroplasty is quite good, and the pain degree and shoulder function are obviously improved. The curative effect of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty is better than that of open reduction and internal plate fixation.

AIM:To investigate the expression of IFN-γ,IL-4 and IL-17A in asthmatic mice vaccinated with bacillus Calmette-Guérin(BCG)and hepatitis B(HepB)in the neonatal period.METHODS: BALB/c mice were ran-domly divided into BGG+HepB+ovalbumin(OVA)group(B/H/O group),B/O group,H/O group,B/H group,OVA group,BCG group,HepB group and normal saline(NS)group(n=6).The mice in B/H/O group and B/H group at 0, 7 and 14 d received subcutaneous injection of 1×105CFU BCG for 3 times,while at 0 and 28 d received intramuscular in-jection of 1.5 μg HepB on the hindlimb twice.The mice in other groups were individually vaccinated with BCG or HepB. OVA sensitization and aerosol inhalation were performed to establish the asthma model.The lung tissues were collected for HE staining.Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)and peripheral blood(PB)were collected,and the number of eosino-phils(EOS)in BALF was counted.The serum levels of IFN-γand IL-4,and the level of IL-17A in lung tissue homoge-nate were measured by ELISA.RESULTS: The pathological changes of the lung in OVA group, B/O group, B/H/O group and H/O group were observed.There were extensive inflammatory cell infiltration around the bronchus,and epithe-lial cell hypertrophy.Those in B/H/O group and H/O group were worse than those in OVA group, while those in B/O group was better than those in OVA group.Total BALF cell counts in B/H/O group,B/O group and H/O group were de-creased(P<0.05)as compared with OVA group.The BALF EOS count in B/H/O group was higher than that in B/H group,that in B/O group was higher than that in BCG group,and that in H/O group was higher than that in HepB groups (P<0.05).Compared with H/O group, OVA group and NS group, the serum IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio in HepB group was in-creased(P<0.05),and compared with B/H/O group,B/O group,OVA group and NS group,that in B/H group was al-so increased(P<0.05).Compared with OVA group, the level of IL-17A in the lung tissues of B/H/O group and B/O group was decreased(P <0.05), and compared with B/O group, that in B/H/O group was further decreased(P <0.05).CONCLUSION:Combined vaccination of BCG and HepB reduces the inflammotory responses in the lung tissues of asthmatic mice.The mechanism may be related with the decrease in the release of IL-4, the increase in IFN-γ/IL-4, and the inhibition of IL-17A expression.

Objective To analyze the common causes of fatty liver in Chinese adults.Methods The CNKI, WANFANG database and VIP database were searched by computer , and the etiology of fatty liver was published from January 2008 to December 2017.Meta-analysis of pre-valence, influencing factors, and blood biochemical indicators were per-formed using R software and Stata software .Results Twenty-four stu-dies were finally included,with a total of 49,275 cases.Meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of fatty liver in the population were : total prevalence 19.31%, male prevalence 26.44%, female prevalence 15.31%.The prevalence rates at different ages were :＜30 years old 13.20%, 31-40 years old 16.73%, 41-50 years old 20.98%, 51-60 years old 21.85%,＞60 years old 17.46%.The risk ratio of influen-cing factors in patients with fatty liver compared with normal population was: high cholesterol 2.03, high triglyceride 3.02, aspartate transaminas increased 3.70, alanine transaminase increased 4.55, hyperglycemia 2.54, obesity 10.73 , greasy food 3.93, alcohol consumption 2.85, hy-pertension 2.06, quality index fat 2.52.The differences in mean blood biochemical results between patients with and without fatty liver were as follows: total cholestero 1.23,triglyceride 1.18,high-density lipoprotein -0.55,low-density lipoprotein 0.28, aspartate transaminase 1.09, alanine transaminase 1.45,total bilirubin 1.09, fasting blood glucose 1.16.Conclusion The preva-lence of fatty liver in Chinese men is higher than that in females ; common factors are high cholesterol , high triglycerides, elevated aspartate transaminase, elevated alanine transaminase, hyperglycemia, obesity, greasy food, hypertension, body mass index; patients with fatty liver fatty biochemical indicators than the normal population were abnormal.