Objective: This cross-sectional investigation aimed to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, prognosis, and related risk factors of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain in mainland China. Methods: Data of patients with SARS-CoV-2 from December 28, 2022, to February 21, 2023, were collected through online and offline questionnaires from 45 tertiary hospitals and one center for disease control and prevention in mainland China. The questionnaire included demographic information, previous health history, smoking and alcohol drinking, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, olfactory and gustatory function before and after infection, other symptoms after infection, as well as the duration and improvement of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. The self-reported olfactory and gustatory functions of patients were evaluated using the Olfactory VAS scale and Gustatory VAS scale. Results: A total of 35 566 valid questionnaires were obtained, revealing a high incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain (67.75%). Females(χ2=367.013, P<0.001) and young people(χ2=120.210, P<0.001) were more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Gender(OR=1.564, 95%CI: 1.487-1.645), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), oral health status (OR=0.881, 95%CI: 0.839-0.926), smoking history (OR=1.152, 95%CI=1.080-1.229), and drinking history (OR=0.854, 95%CI: 0.785-0.928) were correlated with the occurrence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2(above P<0.001). 44.62% (4 391/9 840) of the patients who had not recovered their sense of smell and taste also suffered from nasal congestion, runny nose, and 32.62% (3 210/9 840) suffered from dry mouth and sore throat. The improvement of olfactory and taste functions was correlated with the persistence of accompanying symptoms(χ2=10.873, P=0.001). The average score of olfactory and taste VAS scale was 8.41 and 8.51 respectively before SARS-CoV-2 infection, but decreased to3.69 and 4.29 respectively after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and recovered to 5.83and 6.55 respectively at the time of the survey. The median duration of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions was 15 days and 12 days, respectively, with 0.5% (121/24 096) of patients experiencing these dysfunctions for more than 28 days. The overall self-reported improvement rate of smell and taste dysfunctions was 59.16% (14 256/24 096). Gender(OR=0.893, 95%CI: 0.839-0.951), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), history of head and facial trauma(OR=1.180, 95%CI: 1.036-1.344, P=0.013), nose (OR=1.104, 95%CI: 1.042-1.171, P=0.001) and oral (OR=1.162, 95%CI: 1.096-1.233) health status, smoking history(OR=0.765, 95%CI: 0.709-0.825), and the persistence of accompanying symptoms (OR=0.359, 95%CI: 0.332-0.388) were correlated with the recovery of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2 (above P<0.001 except for the indicated values). Conclusion: The incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain is high in mainland China, with females and young people more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Active and effective intervention measures may be required for cases that persist for a long time. The recovery of olfactory and taste functions is influenced by several factors, including gender, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status, history of head and facial trauma, nasal and oral health status, smoking history, and persistence of accompanying symptoms.
Female ; Humans ; Adolescent ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Smell ; COVID-19/complications* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Incidence ; Olfaction Disorders/etiology* ; Taste Disorders/etiology* ; Prognosis

OBJECTIVES: To develop the birth weight curve of twin neonates with a gestational age of 25-40 weeks, and to investigate the regional differences of the birth weight curve. METHODS: A total of 11 maternal and child health care hospitals with more than 7 000 neonates delivered annually were selected in 11 cities of China (Haikou, Guangzhou, Liuzhou, Guilin, Quanzhou, Shenzhen, Chongqing, Chengdu, Changsha, Ningbo, and Lianyungang), and all live twin neonates delivered in the 11 hospitals from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2020 were enrolled for the development of birth weight curves. RESULTS: A total of 17 256 twin neonates with a gestational age of 25-40 weeks from the 11 cities were included in the study. The reference values of the 3rd-97th percentiles of birth weight of twin neonates for the total of the 11 cities and for each of the 11 cities in China were established, and the birth weight percentile curves were drawn. The birth weight curve level of twin neonates in Liuzhou was lower than the average level of the 11 cities; the birth weight curve level of twin neonates in Ningbo was higher than the average level of the 11 cities; the birth weight curve level of twin neonates in Lianyungang was obviously higher than the average level of the 11 cities; the birth weight curve level of twin neonates in other 8 cities was almost the same as the average level of the 11 cities. CONCLUSIONS The reference values of the 3rd-97th percentiles of birth weight of twin neonates for the total of the 11 cities and for each of the 11 cities are developed, which can be used as a reference for evaluating the intrauterine growth of twin neonates in the region. The level of intrauterine growth of twin neonates in some cities is different from the average level of the 11 cities of China.
Birth Weight ; Child ; China ; Cities ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Twins

OBJECTIVES: To develop the birth weight curves of the Chinese Han (26-41 weeks of gestation) and Zhuang (28-41 weeks of gestation) singleton neonates in 11 cities of China, as well as the birth weight means of full-term neonates of 14 Chinese ethnic groups. METHODS: The live singleton neonates who were born in 11 maternal and child health care hospitals from 11 cities of China between January 2017 and December 2020 were classified according to the mother's ethnic group. Birth weight means were calculated for the full-term neonates of each ethnic group. For the Han and Zhuang singleton neonates with a large sample size, the Lambda-Mu-Sigma (LMS) method was used to establish the birth weight percentile curves of the Han and Zhuang singleton neonates with different gestational ages. RESULTS: A total of 105 365 live singleton neonates were included, among whom the Han neonates had the highest number of 84 851 (26-41 weeks of gestation), followed by the Zhuang neonates (12 803 neonates with a gestational age of 28-41 weeks). The neonates of the other Chinese ethnic groups enrolled were live full-term singleton neonates, with a sample size of more than 100 neonates for each ethnic group. The 3rd-97th percentile curves of birth weight were established for the Han singleton neonates with a gestational age of 26-41 weeks and the Zhuang singleton neonates with a gestational age of 28-41 weeks. The birth weight curves of the Han singleton neonates at each gestational age were higher than those of the Zhuang singleton neonates. Birth weight means (3 199-3 499 g) and standard deviations were determined for 14 Chinese ethnic groups, i.e., Li, Mulao, Zhuang, Yao, Dong, Miao, Han, Buyi, Mongolian, Tujia, Yi, Hui, Man, and Korean ethnic groups. The Li ethnic group had the lowest birth weight, followed by the Mulao, Zhuang, Yao, Dong, Miao, Han, Buyi, Mongolian, Tujia, Yi, Hui, Man, and Korean ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS The 3rd-97th percentile curves of birth weight are developed for the Han (26-41 weeks of gestation) and Zhuang (28-41 weeks of gestation) singleton neonates in 11 cities of China, and birth weight means are determined for the full-term neonates of 14 Chinese ethnic groups in 11 cities of China, which provides a reference for evaluating the intrauterine growth of neonates in these ethnic groups.
Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Child ; Humans ; Infant ; Birth Weight ; Ethnicity ; Cities ; Gestational Age ; China

Objective:To obtain the information of alkaloids in Evodia rutaecarpa by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Method:Inter Sustain-C₁₈ column (4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) was used with 0.2% formic acid water-acetonitrile as the mobile phase for gradient elution. The column temperature was 25℃,the volume flow rate was 1.0 mL·min^-1,and the sample volume is 5 μL. The detection wavelength was 245 nm,and the chromatographic effluent was detected and analyzed by using both positive and negative ions. Result:According to molecular ion peaks and secondary mass spectrometry characteristic fragment ions,as well as the mass spectrometry information of reference substances and relevant literature reports,more than 40 major peaks were analyzed,and 21 alkaloids were identified from the methanol extract of E. rutaecarpa, including 10 kinds of indole alkaloids,10 kinds of quinolone alkaloids,and 1 kind of ephedrine. Main types of alkaloids in E. rutaecarpa were basically clarified. And the research found that the alkaloids have a good response mainly in the positive mode. Conclusion:Based on HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technology, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation,mass spectrometry determination of molecular mass,pyrolysis data,literature analysis and retrieval were performed to quickly,accurately and comprehensively identify alkaloids in E. rutaecarpa, so as to provide a scientific basis for the further extraction and separation of the chemical constituents of E. rutaecarpa.

Objective To research the role of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury in mice.Methods Healthy and mature male mice were reared normally.They were divided at random into 5 groups,namely the normal group (n =10),the experimental-1 group (n =10),the experimental-2 group (n =10),the experimental-3 group(n =10),the experimental-4 group(n =10).The normal group was not treated.The mouse in experimental-1 group,experimental-2 group,experimental-3 group,experimental-4 group were given uninterruptedly 56 degree Beijing Red Star Erguotou by intragastric administration(14 mL · kg-1) for preparation of alcohol liver injury in mice.At the first week,the second week,the third week and the fourth week,respectively,the blood of mice was taken directly by eyeball enucleation.The serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase(AST) was measured with a aspartate aminotransferase assay kit.The expression levels of p-STAT3 in liver of mice was measured by Western blot.Results The serum levels of AST in normal group,experimental-1 group,experimental-2 group,experimental-3 group,experimental-4 group were (112 ±22),(126 ±24),(967 ±30),(1010 ±35),(206 ±23) U · L-1;comparison between experimental-1 group,experimental-4 group and normal group,the difference were without significantly (all P ＞ 0.05);comparison between experimemal-2 group,experimental-3 group and normal group,the difference had significantly (all P ＜ 0.01).The expression levels of p-STAT3 in the 5 groups were (0.52 ± 0.11),(3.21 ±0.33),(1.12 ± 0.21),(1.51 ± 0.23),(2.13 ± 0.26) AU;comparison between experimental-1 group,experimental-4 group and normal group,the difference had significantly (all P ＜ 0.01);comparison between experi mental-2 group,experimental-3 group and normal group,the difference had significantly(all P ＜0.05).ConclusionP-STAT3 may be involved in the acute phase response in the early stage of liver injury in mice,and participate in and promote hepatocyte injury.In the later stage,it may be beneficial to the regeneration,repair and inhibition of hepatocyte apoptosis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the risk factors for the development of congenital anal atresia in neonates.

METHODSA total of 70 neonates who were admitted to 17 hospitals in Foshan, China from January 2011 to December 2014 were enrolled as case group, and another 70 neonates who were hospitalized during the same period and had no anal atresia or other severe deformities were enrolled as control group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the risk factors for the development of congenital anal atresia.

RESULTSThe univariate analysis revealed that the age of mothers, presence of oral administration of folic acid, infection during early pregnancy, and polyhydramnios, and sex of neonates showed significant differences between the case and control groups (P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that infection during early pregnancy (OR=18.776) and male neonates (OR=9.304) were risk factors for congenital anal atresia, and oral administration of folic acid during early pregnancy was the protective factor (OR=0.086).

CONCLUSIONSInfection during early pregnancy is the risk factor for congenital anal atresia, and male neonates are more likely to develop congenital anal atresia than female neonates. Supplementation of folic acid during early pregnancy can reduce the risk of congenital anal atresia.

Anus, Imperforate ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo observe the anti-renal fibrosis effect of Paidu Baoshen Pill (PBP) on 5/6 nephrectomized rats and to explore its mechanism.

METHODSTotally 50 SD male healthy rats were randomly divided into the normal control group (n = 10), the sham-operation group (n = 10), and the nephrectomy model group (n = 30) according to the proportion of 1:1:3. Rats in the sham-operation group had their renal capsule isolated without nephrectomy. Rats in the nephrectomy model group had their kidneys 5/6 nephrectomized. Then 24 h urine was collected and 24 h urinary protein (24 h UP) detected. Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatitine (SCr) were also tested. According to the SCr level 30 rats of the model group were further randomly divided into the model group, the PBP group, and the Niaoduqing Granule (NG) group, 10 in each group. Rats in the PBP group and the NG group were respectively administered with PBP (at the daily dose of 1.0 g/kg) and NG (at the daily dose of 3.33 g/kg) by gastrogavage (they were dissolved in distilled water). At the same time, 2 mL distilled water was administered by gastrogavage to rats in the normal control group, the sham-operation group, and the nephrectomy model group, once daily for 4 successive weeks. Mental conditions, activities, hair color, shape of stool, and the body weight were observed during administration. After 4 weeks, urine was collected to detect 24 h UP. Blood was sampled to detect SCr, BUN, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), type III procollagen (PC III), collagen type IV (Col IV), laminin (LN), and fibronectin (FN). After rats were killed, their left remnant renal tissues were collected for pathological examinations. The protein expression quantity of TGF-β1 and FN was detected by immunohistochemical method. mRNA expression levels of TGF-β1 and FN were detected using real time fluorescent quantitative PCR.

RESULTSThere was no statistical difference in the above indices between the normal control group and the sham-operation group (P > 0.05). Compared with the sham-operation group, rats' general condition was poorer in the model group, their body weight grew slower, and 24 h UP increased; serum levels of BUN, SCr, TGF-β1, PC III, Col IV, LN, and FN increased; the residual renal pathological lesion was serious; expression levels of TGF-β1, TGF-β1, mRNA, FN, and FN mRNA increased in the renal tissue (all P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, rats' general condition was better, their body weight grew faster, 24 h UP reduced (P < 0.05), blood levels of BUN and SCr decreased significantly (P < 0.01), serum levels of TGF-β1, PC III, CoL IV, LN, and FN decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); the residual renal pathological lesion was attenuated in the PBP group and the NG group; expression levels of TGF-β1, TGF-β1, mRNA, FN, and FN mRNA decreased (P < 0.01). Compared with the NG group, blood levels of SCr and FN, and expression levels of FN and FN mRNA decreased more in the PBP group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSPBP had the effect of anti-renal fibro- sis in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Down-regulating expression levels of TGF-β1, and FN from gene transcription and protein translation levels might be one of its mechanisms.

Animals ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Collagen Type IV ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Fibronectins ; Kidney ; Kidney Diseases ; drug therapy ; Laminin ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Rats ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1

OBJECTIVETo study the morbidity factors of bilateral intertrochanteric fractures by analyzing medical records, so as to provide evidences for preventing the multiple intertrochanteric fractures.

METHODSFrom Janurary 2000 to June 2009, 68 patients with bilateral intertrochanteric fractures were studied, including 31 males and 37 females, ranging in age from 42 to 95 years with an average age of 75 years. There were type A1 in 24 hips, type A2 in 96 hips, and type B3 in 16 hips. One hundred and twenty-eight hips had received surgical treatment, 8 hips were treated with conservative method. On the first injury, 67 patients discharged after treatment, 1 patients discharged after treatment in other department. On the second injury, 58 patients discharged after treatment, 2 patients died of complications, 8 patients dischagred after treatment in other department. The risk factors including age, cause of injury, fractures type, complications, osteoporosis and treatment were analyzed.

RESULTSThe average age of two fractures were (73.6 +/- 9.25) and (76.7 +/- 6.74) years; the major injury cause was fall; the A2-type fractures went up to 80.88% on the secondary injury;and the proportion of complications was high, mainly geriatric cognitive disorders, hemiplegic paralysis, and dysopia. Bone mineral density measurement of 16 cases showed marked osteoporosis.

CONCLUSIONOsteoporosis and fall injury contribute mostly to the multiple intertrochanteric fractures. Complication was the dominating risk factor. Treatment of osteoporosis, intensive care, postoperative rehabilitation and effective initial surgery are the key to prevent the secondary intertrochanteric fractures in old people.

Accidental Falls ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Hip Fractures ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Morbidity ; Osteoporosis ; complications ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficacy and possibly prognositic factors of anterior approach on two-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

METHODSA retrospective review was performed on 44 cases of two-level cervical spondylotic mydopathy from Jun. 2007 to Sep. 2009. Among the patients, 24 cases were male and 20 cases female, with an average age of (60.072 +/- 10.77) years (ranged from 39 to 80 years). The affected segments ranged from C(3.4)-C(6.7). Improvements of cervical curvature and segmental height, preoperative sagittal diameter of the spinal cord at the site of maximal compression and signal intensity changes on T2WI were respectively measured. Function of nerves was assessed according to Japanese orthopaedic association system (JOA:17 score) before and after surgery. Operation by anterior approach including: anterior corpectomy and titanium cage fusion with internal fixation, anterior corpectomy body and auto iliac bone fusion with internal fixation. Statistical analysis was made on the correlation between JOA recovery rate and prognostic factors.

RESULTSImprovements of cervical curvature was -9.1 degrees to 16.6 degrees with the mean of (1.30 +/- 5.77) degrees and improvements of segmental height was -0.3 to 12.3 mm with the mean of (4.23 +/- 3.08) mm. Sagittal diameter of the spinal cord at the site of maximal compression was 1.6 to 7.2 mm with the mean of (4.01+/- 1.25) mm. T2WI with high signal changes was in 29 cases, no change in 15 cases. Bleeding amount was 50 to 700 ml with the mean of (242.05 +/- 148.22) ml. Operative time was 90 to 250 min with the mean of (153.75 +/- 34.54) min. All patients were followed up from 6 to 31 months with an average of (17.18 +/- 7.41) months. The mean JOA score preoperatively was (12.73 +/- 2.23); at the final follow-up, the JOA score was(15.09 +/- 1.91); and the recovery rate was (60.01 +/- 26.98)%. According to standard of JOA scoring, 16 cases obtained excellent result, 12 good, 15 fair and 1 poor. The effect of anterior approach had correlations with age, time of course, preoperative JOA score, sagittal diameter of the spinal cord at the site of maximal compression and signal intensity changes on T2WI, but had no correlations with operation time, bleeding amount and improvements of cervical curvature and segmental height.

CONCLUSIONTwo-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy can achieve good effect through anterior approach. The extent of the spinal cord compression may be a reliable and direct factor to judge effect.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Cord Diseases ; complications ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Spondylosis ; complications ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Time Factors ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo compare the outcome of two minimally invasive internal fixed methods for the treatment of distal tibio-fibula fractures.

METHODSThe clinical data of 50 patients with distal tibio-fibula fractures from March 2006 to March 2009 was analyzed retrospectively. Twenty-eight patients were treated with minimally invasive percutaneous locking compression plate fixing tibia combining elastic stable intramedullary nailing fixing fibular (Group P + E). There were 18 male and 10 female patients with a mean age of (45 ± 6) years. Twenty-two patients were treated with interlocking intramedullary nail fixing tibia combining elastic stable intramedullary nailing fixing fibular (Group N + E). There were 12 male and 10 female patients with a mean age of (43 ± 9) years. The index of peri-operation, pain score at 3 d postoperative, bone union time, the clinical outcomes and complications postoperative were statistically compared.

RESULTSThere were no statistical significance on operation time, blood loss perioperative and pain score at 3 d postoperative. Bone union time in Group N + E was significantly longer than in Group P + E [(21.1 ± 3.0) weeks vs. (15.4 ± 2.9) weeks]. Meanwhile, the function of ankle score (44.3 ± 1.7 vs. 41.8 ± 2.5) and the line of foot score (8.6 ± 2.3 vs. 6.8 ± 3.6) in Group P + E were respectively significantly higher than that in Group N + E. However, there were no statistical difference on ankle pain, buckling add stretch restricted, turn inward add evaginate restricted and the rate of good and fair between the two groups. There were 3 cases of complications postoperation in Group P + E, significantly less than the 8 cases of Group N + E.

CONCLUSIONSMinimally invasive percutaneous locking compression plate fixing tibia combining elastic stable intramedullary nailing fixing fibular shows superiority in treatment of distal tibio-fibula fractures. However, interlocking intramedullary nail fixing tibia combining elastic stable intramedullary nailing fixing fibular has the advantages in worse soft tissue and multi-step tibio-fibula fractures.

Adult ; Bone Nails ; Bone Plates ; Female ; Fibula ; injuries ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome