Social behavior is extremely important for the physical and mental health of individuals, their growth and development, and for social development. Social behavioral disorders have become a typical clinical representation of a variety of psychiatric disorders and have serious adverse effects on the development of individuals. The prefrontal cortex, as one of the key areas responsible for social behavior, involves in many advanced brain functions such as social behavior, emotion, and decision-making. The neural activity of prefrontal cortex has a major impact on the performance of social behavior. Numerous studies demonstrate that neurons and glial cells can regulate certain social behaviors by themselves or the interaction which we called neural microcircuits; and the collaboration with other brain regions also regulates different types of social behaviors. The prefrontal cortex (PFC)-thalamus projections mainly influence social dominance and social preference; the PFC-amygdala projections play a key role in fear behavior, emotional behavior, social exploration, and social identification; and the PFC-nucleus accumbens projections mainly involve social preference, social memory, social cognition, and spatial-social associative learning. Based on the above neural mechanism, many studies have focused on applying the non-invasive neurostimulation to social deficit-related symptoms, including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) and focused ultrasound stimulation (FUS). Our previous study also investigated that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation can improve the social behavior of mice and low-intensity focused ultrasound ameliorated the social avoidance behavior of mice by enhancing neuronal activity in the prefrontal cortex. In this review, we summarize the relationship between neurons, glial cells, brain projection and social behavior in the prefrontal cortex, and systematically show the role of the prefrontal cortex in the regulation of social behavior. We hope our summarization will provide a reference for the neural mechanism and effective treatment of social disorders.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of the Xingnao Kaiqiao (regaining consciousness and opening orifices) acupuncture on hemorrhagic transformation and limb motor function after intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in stroke patients. METHODS: A total of 130 stroke patients after rt-PA thrombolytic were divided into an acupuncture group (58 cases, 1 case dropped off) and a non-acupuncture group (72 cases, 7 cases dropped off) according to whether they received acupuncture treatment. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to match each group, with 38 patients in each group. The patients in the non-acupuncture group received rt-PA thrombolytic therapy and western medical basic treatment. In addition to the basic treatment, the patients in the acupuncture group received Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture at Shuigou (GV 26), bilateral Neiguan (PC 6), and ipsilateral Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Chize (LU 5), once a day for 14 days. The incidence of hemorrhagic transformation within 30 days after onset was compared between the two groups. The Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) score and activities of daily living (ADL) score were observed at baseline and 30 days, 6 months, 1 year after onset in the two groups. The disability rate at 6 months and 1 year after onset was recorded, and safety was evaluated in both groups. RESULTS: The incidence of hemorrhagic transformation in the acupuncture group was 5.3% (2/38), which was lower than 21.1% (8/38) in the non-acupuncture group (P<0.05). At 30 days, 6 month, and 1 year after onset, the FMA and ADL scores of both groups were higher than those at baseline (P<0.01), and the scores in the acupuncture group were higher than those in the non-acupuncture group (P<0.01). The disability rate in the acupuncture group at 1 year after onset was 10.5% (4/38), which was lower than 28.9% (11/38) in the non-acupuncture group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture method could reduce the incidence of hemorrhagic transformation in stroke patients after intravenous thrombolysis with rt-PA, improve their motor function and daily living ability, and reduce the long-term disability rate.
Humans ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator/adverse effects* ; Activities of Daily Living ; Prospective Studies ; Stroke ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Thrombolytic Therapy/adverse effects*

Objective To investigate the current situation of the construction of geriatrics in second and third level gen-eral hospitals in Guangxi,analyze the existing problems,and propose suggestions.Methods A self-developed"Survey on the Current Situation of Geriatrics Construction"was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on 250 second and third level general hospitals in Guangxi from April to September 2021.Results A total of 98 geriatrics were established in 196 general hospitals,and the overall number met national requirements.Among them,36 are independent institutions,including 24 tertiary hospitals and 12 secondary hospitals,with 2 172 beds and 1 764 medical staff.Conclusion In the future,Guangxi should ensure the high-quality construction of geriatrics,reasonably allocate geriatric human resources,enhance disciplinary medical service capa-bilities,strengthen overall two-way health connections,and vigorously promote the construction and development of geriatrics in Guangxi.

Objective: To analyze the follow-up and clinical effect of multidisciplinary treatment on the children with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Methods: The clinical data including nutritional status, respiratory function, bone health and motor function of 45 children with SMA who received multidisciplinary management 1-year follow-up in the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from July 2019 to October 2021 were retrospectively collected. Comparisons before and after management were performed using paired-samples t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test, etc. Results: The age of 45 patients (25 boys and 20 girls) was 50.4 (33.6, 84.0) months at the enrollment, with 6 cases of type 1, 22 cases of type 2, and 17 cases of type 3 respectively. After the multidisciplinary management, the cases of SMA patients with malnutrition decreased from 22 to 12 (P=0.030), the level of vitamin D were significantly increased ((45±17) vs. (48±14) nmol/L, t=-4.13, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the forced vital capacity %pred, the forced expiratory volume at 1 second %pred, and the peak expiratory flow %pred ((76±19)% and (76±21)%, (81±18)% and (79±18)%, (81±21)% and (78±17)%; t=-0.24, 1.36, 1.21; all P>0.05). The Cobbs angle of scoliosis also improved significantly (8.0°(0°, 13.0°) vs. 10.0°(0°, 18.5°), Z=-3.01, P=0.003). The Hammersmith functional motor scale expanded scores of children with SMA type 2 and type 3 both showed significant elevation (11.0 (8.0, 18.0) vs. 11.0 (5.0, 18.5) scores, 44.0 (36.5, 53.0) vs. 44.0 (34.0, 51.5) scores, Z=2.44, 3.11, P=0.015, 0.002). Conclusion: Multidisciplinary management is beneficial for delaying the progression of the multi-system impairments of SMA patients, such as malnutrition, restrictive ventilation dysfunction and scoliosis.
Child ; Male ; Female ; Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Scoliosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Follow-Up Studies ; Muscular Atrophy, Spinal ; Malnutrition

Objective: To investigate hypertriglyceridemia and hepatomegaly caused by Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus (FSS) and Schisandra chinensis Fructus (FSC) oils in mice. Methods: Mice were orally administered a single dose of Schisandrae Fructus oils. Serum and hepatic triglyceride (TG), triglyceride transfer protein (TTP), apolipoprotein B48 (Apo B48), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), alanine aminotransfease (ALT) and liver index were measured at 6-120 h post-dosing. Results: FSS and FSC oil caused time and dose-dependent increases in serum and hepatic TG levels, with maximum increases in the liver (by 297% and 340%) at 12 h post-dosing and serum (244% and 439%) at 24-h post-dosing, respectively. Schisandrae Fructus oil treatments also elevated the levels of serum TTP by 51% and 63%, Apo B48 by 152% and 425%, and VLDL by 67% and 38% in mice, respectively. FSS and FSC oil treatments also increased liver mass by 53% and 55% and HGF by 106% and 174%, but lowered serum ALT activity by 38% and 22%, respectively. Fenofibrate pre/ co-treatment attenuated the FSS and FSC oil-induced elevation in serum TG levels by 41% and 49% at 48 h post-dosing, respectively, but increased hepatic TG contents (by 38% and 33%, respectively) at 12 h post-dosing. Conclusions: Our findings provide evidence to support the establishment of a novel mouse model of hypertriglyceridemia by oral administration of FSS oil (mainly increasing endogenous TG) and FSC oil (mainly elevating exogenous TG).

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Chaishao Liujuntang on Hedgehog signaling pathway in rats with chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG） of liver depression and spleen deficiency. MethodWistar rats were randomized into normal group and modeling group. CAG with the liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome was induced in rats in the modeling group with a compound method. After modeling， they were classified into the model group， vitacoenzyme group， Chaishao Liujuntang group， GDC-0449 （blocker） group， and Chaishao Liujuntang + GDC-0449 group. Normal group and model group were given （ig） normal saline. Vitacoenzyme and Chaishao Liujuntang group received （ig） corresponding drugs at 240 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 and 5.1 g·kg^-1·d^-1， respectively， and GDC-0449 group was treated （ip） with GDC-0449 at 50 mg·kg^-1·d^-1. For the Chaishao Liujuntang + GDC-0449 group， rats received GDC-0449 （ip） at 50 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 and Chaishao Liujuntang （ig） at 5.1 g·kg^-1·d^-1. The administration lasted 4 weeks. The pathological morphology of rat gastric mucosa was observed based on hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. mRNA and protein expression of sonic hedgehog （Shh）， 12th transmembrane receptor Patched1 （Ptch1）， and glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 （Gli1） in gastric mucosa tissues was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot. Content of serum interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. ResultCompared with normal group， the model group demonstrated decrease in gland cells， glandular atrophy， large lumen volume， plasma cell infiltration， intestinal metaplasia， decrease in the mRNA and protein expression of Shh， Ptch1， and Gli1 in gastric mucosa （P<0.01）， and rise of serum IL-1β and TNF-α content （P<0.01）. Compared with model group， vitacoenzyme group and Chaishao Liujuntang group showed ordered cells， alleviation of gland atrophy， and no obvious inflammatory infiltration， and GDC-0499 group and Chaishao Liujuntang + GDC-0449 showed no significant improvement. Significant rise in the mRNA and protein expression of Shh， Ptch1， and Gli1 in gastric mucosa tissues of vitacoenzyme group and Chaishao Liujuntang group （P<0.01）， no significant difference in serum IL-1β content and significant decrease in TNF-α content in vitacoenzyme group （P<0.01）， significant reduction in content of serum IL-1β and TNF-α in Chaishao Liujuntang group （P<0.05， P<0.01） were observed compared with those in the model group. The mRNA and protein expression of Shh， Ptch1， and Gli1 in gastric mucosa and the content of serum IL-1β and TNF-α were insignificantly different between the GDC-0449 group and Chaishao Liujuntang + GDC-0449 group. ConclusionChaishao Liujuntang can effectively improve the pathological state of gastric mucosa in CAG rats with liver depression and spleen deficiency， which may be related to the activation of Hedgehog signaling pathway and the decrease of IL-1β and TNF-α content.

OBJECTIVE: To compare accuracy of anterior cervical pedicle screws between assist of rapid prototyping 3D guide plate and free-hand insertion, and evaluate the safety of two methods. METHODS: Eight adult cervical cadaver specimens after formaldehyde immersion, including 4 males and 4 females, aged 32 to 65(40.3±5.6) years old. After X-ray examination to exclude bone damage and deformity, 4 of them (3D guide plate group) randomly selected were for CT scan to obtain DICOM format data, and the data was imported into Mimics software for model, designed the ideal entry point and nail path for anterior cervicaltranspedicular screw (ATPS). After obtaining the personalized guide plate of the nail channel, it was exported as STL data, and the individual guide plate was printed by rapid prototyping and 3D printing technology. In turn, with the assistance of 3D guide plates, one-to-one personalized ATPS screws were placed on the four lower cervical cadaver specimens. Another 4 (free-hand group) lower cervical cadaver specimens were implanted with ATPS screws using free-hand technique. All specimens were performed CT thin-layer scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction after operation. The Tomasino method was used to evaluate the safety of the screws on the CT cross-sectional and sagittal images, to determine whether there was a cortical puncture of the lower and inner edges of the pedicle. According to the CT rating results, gradeⅠandⅡwere safe, and grade Ⅲ- Ⅴ were dangerous.And the accuracy of screws was recorded and analyzed between two groups. RESULTS: Two screws were inserted in each segment from C CONCLUSION The 3D printing rapid prototyping guide plate assisted insertion of the anterior cervical pedicle screw can significantly improve the accuracy and safety, and provide a theoretical basis for further clinical application.
Adult ; Aged ; Bone Plates ; Cervical Vertebrae/surgery* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pedicle Screws ; Printing, Three-Dimensional

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic basis for three children with Menkes disease. METHODS: The patients were subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS) to detect potential variants of the ATP7A gene. Suspected variants were verified by Sanger sequencing of their family members and 200 healthy individuals. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was also carried out to detect potential deletions in their family members and 20 healthy individuals. RESULTS: Variants of the ATP7A gene were detected in all of the three families, including a novel c.1465A>T nonsense variant in family 1, a novel c.3039_3043del frame-shifting variant in family 2, and deletion of exons 3 to 23 in family 3, which was reported previously. Based on the standards and guidelines of American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, the c.1465A>T and c.3039_3043del variants of ATP7A gene were predicted to be likely pathogenic (PVS1+PM2). CONCLUSION Variants of the ATP7A gene may underlay the Menkes disease in the three children. Above findings have facilitated clinical diagnosis and enriched the spectrum of genetic variants of Menkes disease.
Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Copper-Transporting ATPases/genetics* ; Exons ; Family Health ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Menkes Kinky Hair Syndrome/genetics* ; Mutation ; Pedigree

Air Pollution ; Asthma/drug therapy* ; China ; Humans ; Treatment Adherence and Compliance

Objective::To clarify the inhibitory effect of essential oil from Alpinia zerumbet rhizome (EOFAZ) on oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced transformation of macrophage into foam cell and explore its possible mechanism. Method::THP-1 monocyte was incubated with 100 μg·L^-1 phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) to grow into macrophage, experiment was divided into 4 groups as follows, control group, model group (80 mg·L^-1 ox-LDL), EOFAZ at low dose (80 mg·L^-1 ox-LDL+ 4 μg·L^-1 EOFAZ)and EOFAZ at high dose (80 g·L^-1 ox-LDL+ 20 μg·L^-1 EOFAZ). Mathye thiazolye telrazliurn (MTT) method was employed to examine the influence of EOFAZ on macrophage viability. Western blot was used to analyze the expression level of cluster of differentiation 36(CD36) and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1(ABCA1) protein in macrophage. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect cholesteryl ester contents in macrophage. Oil red O staining was applied to determine the accumulation of lipids in macrophage. Result::EOFAZ showed non-toxic effect on macrophage. Compared to control group, macrophage in model group displayed higher level of cholesteryl ester and lipid droplet(P<0.01), as well as significant increasing of CD36 expression (P<0.01), but no effect on ABCA1 expression. EOFAZ notably reduced the contents of lipids and cholesteryl ester(P<0.01), down-regulated expression of CD36 and up-regulated expression of ABCA1 in macrophage in comparison with the model group(P<0.01), indicating that EOFAZ inhibited transformation of macrophage into foam cell. Conclusion::EOFAZ could inhibit ox-LDL-induced transformation of macrophage into foam cell, the underlying mechanism may involves its ability to increase CD36 expression and decrease ABCA1 expression in macrophage.