Helicobacter pylori(Hp)is responsible for chronic gastritis,peptic ulcers,and even gastric cancers.Currently,there is no vaccine to prevent or treat Hp infections.Here,we described the chemical synthesis of α-1,6-glucans with different lengths(di-to hexasaccharide),which are present in the core oligosaccharide of Hp lipopolysaccharide(LPS).The 1,2-cis-glucosidic bonds were constructed successfully using a synergistic glycosylation strategy based on acyl remote participation and solvent effects.The results of glycan microarrays indicated that all synthesized α-1,6-glucan fragments possessed a strong binding to IgG antibodies in both rabbit serum immunized with Hp O1 LPS and patient serum infected with Hp.The α-1,6-linked trisaccharide exhibited strong binding affinity to anti-LPS rabbit IgG antibodies.The α-1,6-glucan trisaccharide and pentasaccharide elicited a strong response to IgG antibodies in sera of most Hp-infected patients.Some patients'sera exhibited strong binding activity with α-1,6-linked disaccharide.The results suggest that the α-1,6-glucan disaccharide,trisaccharide and pentasaccharide could be important carbohydrate antigen fragments in Hp lipopolysaccharide.

As a new quantitative analysis method of radiology image data, radiomics has been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment evaluation of various diseases especially malignant tumors, promoting the development of individualization and precision in disease diagnosis and treatment. In urolithiasis, radiomics is mainly used in the differential diagnosis of ureteral calculi, preoperative prediction of different calculus compositions, and prediction of efficacy of various treatment modalities. This paper introduced the basic workflow of radiomics, and reviewed its application progress in urolithiasis.

Viral myocarditis(VMC)is the leading cause of dilated cardiomyopathy,which can lead to heart failure and sudden cardiac death.With the development of high-throughput sequencing technology,non-coding RNA(ncRNA)plays an important role in the occurrence and development of VMC.ncRNA promotes the occurrence and development of VMC by regulating viral replication,immune cell function,myocardial cell death,myocardial interstitial fibrosis,and other pathological processes.This article reviews the research progress of ncRNA in VMC and provides new ideas for the pathogenesis,diagnosis,and treatment of VMC.

Objective To explore characteristics of clinical parameters and cytokines in patients with drug-induced liver injury(DILI)caused by different drugs and their correlation with clinical indicators. Method The study was conducted on patients who were up to Review of Uncertainties in Confidence Assessment for Medical Tests(RUCAM)scoring criteria and clinically diagnosed with DILI.Based on Chinese herbal medicine,cardiovascular drugs,non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs),anti-infective drugs,and other drugs,patients were divided into five groups.Cytokines were measured by Luminex technology.Baseline characteristics of clinical biochemical indicators and cytokines in DILI patients and their correlation were analyzed. Results 73 patients were enrolled.Age among five groups was statistically different(P=0.032).Alanine aminotransferase(ALT)(P=0.033)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)(P=0.007)in NSAIDs group were higher than those in chinese herbal medicine group.Interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α)in patients with Chinese herbal medicine(IL-6:P<0.001;TNF-α:P<0.001)and cardiovascular medicine(IL-6:P=0.020;TNF-α:P=0.001)were lower than those in NSAIDs group.There was a positive correlation between ALT(r=0.697,P=0.025),AST(r=0.721,P=0.019),and IL-6 in NSAIDs group. Conclusion Older age may be more prone to DILI.Patients with NSAIDs have more severe liver damage in early stages of DILI,TNF-α and IL-6 may partake the inflammatory process of DILI.

Objective:In order to understand the current situation of air toxic substances without occupational exposure limits (OELs) in the workplace in the Germany GESTIS Substance Database, and to provide an effective reference for formulating OELs of corresponding toxic substances and improving health standards.Methods:From March 2022 to May 2023, based on the standard of GBZ 2.1-2019 Occupational Exposure Limits for Hazardous Agents in the Workplace-Part 1: Chemical Hazardous Agents, air toxic substances without OELs in the standard of GBZ/T 300.1-2017 Determination of Toxic Substances in Workplace Air-Part 1: General Principles were screened out, then corresponding OELs in other countrie/regions were queried through the Germany GESTIS Substance Database.Results:Among the 333 kinds (classes) of air toxic substances in 160 parts of GBZ/T 300.1-2017 standard, 48 kinds (classes) of air toxic substances were screened out and had not yet been formulated OELs in GBZ 2.1-2019 standard. By querying the Germany GESTIS Substance Database, it was found that among the 48 kinds (classes) of air toxic substances, 35 kinds (classes) of air toxic substances had both 8-hour occupational exposure limit and short-term occupational exposure limit, 4 kinds (classes) of air toxic substances had 8-hour occupational exposure limit but no short-term occupational exposure limit, 9 kinds (classes) of air toxic substances hadn't been retrieved any OELs. In addition, standard test methods of 7 kinds of air toxic substances hadn't been published in the present, including trimethylchlorosilane, trimethylbenzenes, cumene, chloroethane, chloropropane, dibromoethane and acetophenone.Conclusion:In the process of formulating or revising the standards of GBZ 2.1-2019 and GBZ/T 300, the latest published OELs in the Germany GESTIS Substance Database could be used as a reference basis.

MHNTs@PDA@ZIF-8 with rod-shaped core-shell structures was synthesized and used as sorbent in magnetic solid phase extraction(MSPE).MHNTs@PDA@ZIF-8-MSPE method coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was employed to analyze sixteen kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in tea beverages.Vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and nitrogen adsorption-desorption techniques were used to characterize the MHNTs@PDA@ZIF-8.The results demonstrated that the MHNTs@PDA@ZIF-8 exhibited significant magnetic properties and a large specific surface area.The experimental conditions that could affect MSPE were investigated,including adsorbent dosage,extraction time,desorption time,ionic strength,desorption solvent type,and desorption solvent volume.The optimal conditions were 10 mg of MHNTs@PDA@ZIF-8 as adsorbent,90 s under vortex extraction,and ultrasonic desorption for 60 s with 1 mL ofn-hexane.The sixteen kinds of PAHs showed good linearity in the concentration range of 5-500 μg/L(r2≥0.995).The limits of detection(S/N=3)and quantitation(S/N=10)were in the range of 0.1-0.8 μg/L and 0.3-2.6 μg/L,respectively.The recoveries of the method ranged from 60.9%to 114.7%,with relative standard deviations(n=3)ranging from 0.2%to 9.2%when the addition levels of sixteen kinds of PAHs were 10,50,and 100 μg/L.The method was simple,fast,sensitive and environmentally friendly,and suitable for detecting sixteen kinds of PAHs in tea beverages.

Objective To evaluate the predictors of recurrent in-stent restenosis(R-ISR)occurrence in drug-eluting stents(DES).Methods A total of 201 patients with ISR who received percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)surgery in the First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2010 to August 2023 were selected as the study objects,and the patients were divided into R-ISR group and non-R-ISR group according to their post-discharge angiography review.The clinical baseline data and the features of interventional surgery during the first ISR-PCI were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among the 201 patients,168 were males and 33 were females,with an average age of(61.97±10.02)years.The median interval between initial and follow-up angiography was 1.5 years.Patients were divided into two groups based on their radiographic reviews:R-ISR group(98 patients and 104 ISR lesions)and non-R-ISR group(103 patients and 111 ISR lesions).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the incidence of R-ISR was correlated with Ostial disease(OR 2.987,95％CI 1.343-6.642,P=0.007),plain old balloon angioplasty(POBA)performed for ISR lesions(OR 3.081,95％CI 1.293-7.343,P=0.011)and the maximum diameter stenosis rate of ISR lesions before surgery(OR 1.016,95％CI 1.002-1.030,P=0.022).Conclusions In patients currently receiving interventional therapy for ISR,Ostial disease,POBA treatment for ISR disease,and maximum diameter stenosis rate of ISR disease were associated predictors of R-ISR development.

Objective To investigate the mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effect of linarin(LIN)against microglia activation-mediated inflammation and neuronal apoptosis following spinal cord injury(SCI).Methods Fifty C57BL/6J mice(8-10 weeks old)were randomized to receive sham operation,SCI and linarin treatment at 12.5,25,and 50 mg/kg following SCI(n=10).Locomotor function recovery of the SCI mice was assessed using the Basso Mouse Scale,inclined plane test,and footprint analysis,and spinal cord tissue damage and myelination were evaluated using HE and LFB staining.Nissl staining,immunofluorescence assay and Western blotting were used to observe surviving anterior horn motor neurons in injured spinal cord tissue.In cultured BV2 cells,the effects of linarin against lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced microglia activation,inflammatory factor release and signaling pathway changes were assessed with immunofluorescence staining,Western blotting,RT-qPCR,and ELISA.In a BV2 and HT22 cell co-culture system,Western blotting was performed to examine the effect of linarin against HT22 cell apoptosis mediated by LPS-induced microglia activation.Results Linarin treatment significantly improved locomotor function(P<0.05),reduced spinal cord damage area,increased spinal cord myelination,and increased the number of motor neurons in the anterior horn of the SCI mice(P<0.05).In both SCI mice and cultured BV2 cells,linarin effectively inhibited glial cell activation and suppressed the release of iNOS,COX-2,TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1β,resulting also in reduced neuronal apoptosis in SCI mice(P<0.05).Western blotting suggested that linarin-induced microglial activation inhibition was mediated by inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.In the cell co-culture experiments,linarin treatment significantly decreased inflammation-mediated apoptosis of HT22 cells(P<0.05).Conclusion The neuroprotective effect of linarin is medicated by inhibition of microglia activation via suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway,which mitigates neural inflammation and reduce neuronal apoptosis to enhance motor function of the SCI mice.

Objective:In order to understand the current situation of air toxic substances without occupational exposure limits (OELs) in the workplace in the Germany GESTIS Substance Database, and to provide an effective reference for formulating OELs of corresponding toxic substances and improving health standards.Methods:From March 2022 to May 2023, based on the standard of GBZ 2.1-2019 Occupational Exposure Limits for Hazardous Agents in the Workplace-Part 1: Chemical Hazardous Agents, air toxic substances without OELs in the standard of GBZ/T 300.1-2017 Determination of Toxic Substances in Workplace Air-Part 1: General Principles were screened out, then corresponding OELs in other countrie/regions were queried through the Germany GESTIS Substance Database.Results:Among the 333 kinds (classes) of air toxic substances in 160 parts of GBZ/T 300.1-2017 standard, 48 kinds (classes) of air toxic substances were screened out and had not yet been formulated OELs in GBZ 2.1-2019 standard. By querying the Germany GESTIS Substance Database, it was found that among the 48 kinds (classes) of air toxic substances, 35 kinds (classes) of air toxic substances had both 8-hour occupational exposure limit and short-term occupational exposure limit, 4 kinds (classes) of air toxic substances had 8-hour occupational exposure limit but no short-term occupational exposure limit, 9 kinds (classes) of air toxic substances hadn't been retrieved any OELs. In addition, standard test methods of 7 kinds of air toxic substances hadn't been published in the present, including trimethylchlorosilane, trimethylbenzenes, cumene, chloroethane, chloropropane, dibromoethane and acetophenone.Conclusion:In the process of formulating or revising the standards of GBZ 2.1-2019 and GBZ/T 300, the latest published OELs in the Germany GESTIS Substance Database could be used as a reference basis.

Objective To investigate the mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effect of linarin(LIN)against microglia activation-mediated inflammation and neuronal apoptosis following spinal cord injury(SCI).Methods Fifty C57BL/6J mice(8-10 weeks old)were randomized to receive sham operation,SCI and linarin treatment at 12.5,25,and 50 mg/kg following SCI(n=10).Locomotor function recovery of the SCI mice was assessed using the Basso Mouse Scale,inclined plane test,and footprint analysis,and spinal cord tissue damage and myelination were evaluated using HE and LFB staining.Nissl staining,immunofluorescence assay and Western blotting were used to observe surviving anterior horn motor neurons in injured spinal cord tissue.In cultured BV2 cells,the effects of linarin against lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced microglia activation,inflammatory factor release and signaling pathway changes were assessed with immunofluorescence staining,Western blotting,RT-qPCR,and ELISA.In a BV2 and HT22 cell co-culture system,Western blotting was performed to examine the effect of linarin against HT22 cell apoptosis mediated by LPS-induced microglia activation.Results Linarin treatment significantly improved locomotor function(P<0.05),reduced spinal cord damage area,increased spinal cord myelination,and increased the number of motor neurons in the anterior horn of the SCI mice(P<0.05).In both SCI mice and cultured BV2 cells,linarin effectively inhibited glial cell activation and suppressed the release of iNOS,COX-2,TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1β,resulting also in reduced neuronal apoptosis in SCI mice(P<0.05).Western blotting suggested that linarin-induced microglial activation inhibition was mediated by inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.In the cell co-culture experiments,linarin treatment significantly decreased inflammation-mediated apoptosis of HT22 cells(P<0.05).Conclusion The neuroprotective effect of linarin is medicated by inhibition of microglia activation via suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway,which mitigates neural inflammation and reduce neuronal apoptosis to enhance motor function of the SCI mice.