Objective To analyze the literature on artificial intelligence in forensic research from 2012 to 2022 in the Web of Science Core Collection Database,to explore research hotspots and developmen-tal trends.Methods A total of 736 articles on artificial intelligence in forensic medicine in the Web of Science Core Collection Database from 2012 to 2022 were visualized and analyzed through the litera-ture measuring tool CiteSpace.The authors,institution,country(region),title,journal,keywords,cited references and other information of relevant literatures were analyzed.Results A total of 736 articles published in 220 journals by 355 authors from 289 institutions in 69 countries(regions)were identi-fied,with the number of articles published showing an increasing trend year by year.Among them,the United States had the highest number of publications and China ranked the second.Academy of Forensic Science had the highest number of publications among the institutions.Forensic Science Inter-national,Journal of Forensic Sciences,International Journal of Legal Medicine ranked high in publica-tion and citation frequency.Through the analysis of keywords,it was found that the research hotspots of artificial intelligence in the forensic field mainly focused on the use of artificial intelligence technol-ogy for sex and age estimation,cause of death analysis,postmortem interval estimation,individual identification and so on.Conclusion It is necessary to pay attention to international and institutional cooperation and to strengthen the cross-disciplinary research.Exploring the combination of advanced ar-tificial intelligence technologies with forensic research will be a hotspot and direction for future re-search.

Objective To analyze the pathogenic characteristics and drug sensitivity of candidaemia,and construct a short-term mortality risk prediction scoring model.Methods The clinical data of patients with candidaemia admitted to the 909 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force from January 2011 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed,and the composition of pathogen composition,drug sensitivity test results and incidence of hospitalized patients were analyzed.324 cases of candidaemia were randomly divided into modeling group(190 cases)and validation group(134 cases),and the risk factors were screened by binary logistic regression.According to the odds ratio(OR)score,the 30 day mortality risk prediction scoring model was constructed,and the predictive performance of the model was verified both in modeling and validation groups.Results 356 strains of Candida including 126 strains of C.albicans(35.39%),79 strains of C.tropicalis(22.19%),74 strains of C.parapsilosis(20.79%),48 strains of C.glabrata(13.48%),14 strains of C.guilliermondii(3.93%),8 strains of C.krusei(2.25%),and 7 strains of other Candida(1.97%)were detected in 336 patients with candidemia.The incidence of candidaemia among hospitalized patients increased from 0.20 ‰ in 2011 to 0.48 ‰ in 2020.The resistance rate of candida to amphotericin B was significantly lower than that of fluconazole,voriconazole and itraconazole(P＜0.05).Among the 324 cases included in the model,95 patients died in 30 days after diagnosis,and the mortality rate was 29.32%.The proportion of males,fever,and parenteral nutrition in modeling group was significantly higher than that in validation group(P＜0.05),while the proportion of chronic lung disease and surgical history within one month were lower than those in validation group(P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that chronic renal failure,mechanical ventilation,severe neutropenia,failure to receive anti-fungal treatment within 72 hours,and APACHE Ⅱ≥20 were risk factors for short-term death of candidaemia,the OR values were 3.179,1.970,2.979,2.080,and 2.399,and the risk scores were 6,4,6,4,and 5,respectively.The area under the curve(AUC)of the risk scoring model for modeling group was 0.792(95%CI 0.721-0.862),and the result of Hosmer-Lemeshow(H-L)test was P=0.305;The AUC of validation group was 0.796(95%CI 0.735-0.898),and the H-L test result was P=0.329.A risk score≤8 indicated a low risk group for short-term mortality,a score of 9-15 indicated a medium risk group,and a score≥16 indicated a high risk group.Conclusions The incidence of candidemia in hospitalized patients is increasing and the mortality is high.The risk prediction score model can effectively predict the short-term prognosis and facilitate the early identification of the prognosis.

Background The serious air pollution of highway toll booths poses a high occupational exposure risk to toll collectors. It is urgent to develop purification methods suitable for airborne particles and microbial pathogens in highway toll booths. Objective To verify the purification effect of low temperature plasma air purifiers on airborne particles and microbes in highway toll booths. Methods Based on controlled-intervention design, we selected three toll booths in an expressway toll station as on-site experimental locations for 6 d (no-intervention period: the low-temperature plasma purifier was turned off in the first three days; intervention period: the purifier was turned on from 9:00 to 17:00 in the following three days). The indoor and outdoor PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ concentrations were continuously monitored during the study. At 9:00, 12:00, and 17:00 of every day during the experiment, indoor and outdoor air samples were collected to analyze the concentration of airborne culturable colonies with a plankton sampler. Airborne particle samples were collected in the outermost exit continuously from 9:00 to 17:00 every day during the experiment using a medium flow particulate sampler, and the species and relative abundance of fungi and bacteria contained in the samples were analyzed by gene sequencing. Independent-sample t test was used to compare the concentration of indoor PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and culturable colonies between the intervention period and the non-intervention period. α diversity analysis, β diversity analysis, and t test were used to compare the diversity and relative abundance of specific species of bacteria and fungi, as well as typical pathogenic bacteria and fungi in the samples between the non-intervention period and the intervention period to reflect the purification effect of low temperature plasma air purifier on airborne PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and microorganisms. Results During the intervention period, the mean indoor concentrations of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and culturable colonies were lower than those of the no-intervention period (P<0.01 or P<0.001). The ratios of indoor to outdoor concentration (I/O) of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ during the intervention period were significantly lower than those of the no-intervention period (P<0.001), except the I/O of culturable colonies. Compared with the average concentration at 9:00, the average cleaning rates at 12:00 and 17:00 for PM_2.5 were 49.0% and 46.1%, for PM₁₀ were 49.7% and 45.4%, for airborne culturable colonies were 50.8% and 49.9%, respectively. The β diversity analysis showed that there were significant differences in composition at the level of species of bacteria, and at the levels of genus and species of fungi between the intervention and the no-intervention periods. The relative abundances of 10 species of bacteria such as Lactobacillus and 7 species of fungi such as Torula in the intervention period were significantly lower than those in the non-intervention period, but the relative abundances of fungi such as unclassified_f_cladosporiaceae, trichomerium, and cercospora were higher (P<0.05). For typical pathogenic bacteria, the relative abundances of Lactobacillus and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 during the intervention period were 73.5% and 86.9% lower than those in the no-intervention period, and the relative abundance of Talaromyces was 53.5% lower (P<0.05). Conclusion Low temperature plasma air purifier has a good purification effect on indoor PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and culturable colonies in highway toll booths, and likely a limited effect on some fungi.

Professor Lau Wanyee, a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a pro-fessor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, actively advocates conducting clinical researches through "planting fruit trees" and "growing orchards", aiming to cultivate a team of dual-skilled talents in clinical practice and research, effectively improve the scientific and technological level of clinical medicine in China, make voice heard in the international medical science field, and better serve human health. He organized a clinical research training course in scholars′ forum for Hepatobiliary Young Expert Working Group of Chinese College of Surgeons. Throughout three sessions of the training course, a distinct theme was focused on how to enhance the level of clinical research in China and make voice heard by the international scholars. A group of multi-dimensional experts were gathered, including experts from surgery, methodology, and management, as well as both renowned experts and young talents. A lively teaching model was adopted, combining guided presentations with interactive discussion and debate sessions. A clean and upright academic spirit was strongly advocated, in which international rules were adopted to conduct in-depth analysis and sharp criticism of seven proposed clinical research projects and four published papers with high international influence to find quarrel in a straw. This clinical research training course provides a new model of guidance for young physicians in conducting clinical research. As a result, all attendees felt deeply educated and benefited greatly from the training session. This training activity not only laid a solid foundation for the development of scientization, standardization, and internationali-zation of clinical research in digestive surgery in China, but also demonstrated a correct path for cultivating a group of young and middle-aged clinical medical scientists with scientific spirit.

Objective To screen biomarkers for forensic identification of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by non-targeted metabolomic studies on changes of urine metabolites in rats with AMI.Methods The rat models of the sham surgery group,AMI group and hyperlipidemia+acute myocardial infarction (HAMI) group were established.Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) was used to analyze the changes of urine metabolic spectrometry in AMI rats.Principal compo-nent analysis,partial least squares-discriminant analysis,and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis were used to screen differential metabolites.The MetaboAnalyst database was used to analyze the metabolic pathway enrichment and access the predictive ability of differential metabolites.Results A total of 40 and 61 differential metabolites associated with AMI and HAMI were screened,respec-tively.Among them,22 metabolites were common in both rat models.These small metabolites were mainly concentrated in the niacin and nicotinamide metabolic pathways.Within the 95% confidence in-terval,the area under the curve (AUC) values of receiver operator characteristic curve for N8-acetyl-spermidine,3-methylhistamine,and thymine were greater than 0.95.Conclusion N8-acetylspermidine,3-methylhistamine,and thymine can be used as potential biomarkers for AMI diagnosis,and abnormal metabolism in niacin and nicotinamide may be the main causes of AMI.This study can provide reference for the mechanism and causes of AMI identification.

Objective To carry out rigid-body inverse dynamics modelling and analysis of a self-designed 6RSS parallel bio-inspired masticatory robot.Methods Firstly,the functions of kinematic variables including translational/rotational velocities and accelerations were derived for rigid-body inverse dynamics modelling.Secondly,the rigid-body inverse dynamics model was established with the Newton-Euler's law.Finally,the chewing motion trajectories of the oral health volunteers were tracked and numerical calculations were carried out in the case where the robot was subjected to a chewing reaction force.Results Numerical calculations showed that the driving torque and the constraint force of the robot peaked when the chewing reaction force was at its maximum.Conclusion The external force has a large impact on the inverse dynamics of the robot,and theoretical references are provided for the motion control and optimal design of the robot.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(3):16-22]

Patient 1,a 12-day-old female infant,presented with fever,cough,dyspnea,and elevated infection markers,requiring respiratory support.Metagenomic next-generation sequencing(mNGS)of blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid revealed Legionella pneumophila(LP),leading to diagnoses of LP pneumonia and LP sepsis.The patient was treated with erythromycin for 15 days and azithromycin for 5 days,resulting in recovery and discharge.Patient 2,an 11-day-old female infant,presented with dyspnea,fever,elevated infection markers,and multiple organ dysfunction,requiring mechanical ventilation.mNGS of blood and cerebrospinal fluid indicated LP,leading to diagnoses of LP pneumonia,LP sepsis,and LP intracranial infection.The patient was treated with erythromycin for 19 days and was discharged after recovery.Neonatal LP pneumonia lacks specific clinical symptoms,and azithromycin is the preferred antimicrobial agent.The use of mNGS can provide early and definitive diagnosis for severe neonatal pneumonia of unknown origin.

Objective:To explore effect of IgG receptor FcγRⅡB on neuronal injury and imbalance of Th17/Treg in experi-mental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE)model mice.Methods:C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group,EAE group,FcγRⅡB group and EAE+FcγRⅡB group,with 15 mice in each group.EAE model was induced by subcutaneous injection of MOG35-55 peptide and treated with FcγRⅡB lentiviral solution.After modeling was established,body weight of mice was weighed every day,and neurological function was scored for 30 d;after 30 days,mice were sacrificed.HE staining was used to observe patho-logical changes of brain tissue,LFB staining was used to assess structural changes of spinal cord myelin,and immunofluorescence staining was used to detect spinal cord cerebral cortex neuron nuclear antigen(NeuN)and Caspase-3 expressions,TUNEL staining was used to detect apoptosis of neurons,ELISA was used to detect serum IL-6,IL-17,IL-10 and TGF-β levels,flow cytometry was used to analyze proportion of Th17 and Treg cells in spleen,Western blot was used to determine protein expressions of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt(RORγt)and Forkhead family transcription factor 3(Foxp3)in spinal cord tissue.Results:Compared with control group,mice in EAE group had decreased body weight,increased neurological function scores,obvious infiltration of inflamma-tory cells in brain tissue,and signs of demyelination in spinal cord,fluorescence expression intensity of NeuN was weakened and fluorescence expression intensity of Caspase-3 was enhanced,there were more TUNEL-positive stained cells,number of apoptotic cells was increased,levels of IL-6 and IL-17 in serum were increased,and levels of IL-10 and TGF-β were decreased,proportion of Th17 cells in spleen was increased,proportion of Treg was decreased,expression of RORγt protein in spinal cord tissue was up-regu-lated while relative expression of Foxp3 protein was down-regulated(P<0.05);compared with EAE group,weight of mice in EAE+FcγRⅡB group was increased,neurological function score was decreased,infiltration of inflammatory cells in brain tissue was reduced,demyelination of spinal cord was improved,fluorescence expression intensity of NeuN was enhanced,and fluorescence expression intensity of Caspase-3 was weakened,there were fewer TUNEL-positive stained cells,number of apoptotic cells was decreased,levels of IL-6 and IL-17 in serum were decreased,while levels of IL-10 and TGF-β were increased,at the same time,proportion of Th17 cells in spleen was decreased and proportion of Treg was increased,expression of RORγt protein in spinal cord tissue was down-regulated,while expression of Foxp3 protein was up-regulated(P<0.05).Conclusion:FcγRⅡB has neuroprotective effect on EAE mice,and can reduce infiltration of inflammatory cells and demyelination in brain tissue,whose mechanism may be related to regulation of cytokine levels and immune balance of Th17/Treg cells.

In recent years,the growing public awareness of personal health has sparked a surge in inter-est in the beneficial effects of polyphenols on the human organism.Extensive research by domestic and international scholars has established that polyphenols,due to their unique chemical properties,exhibit remarkable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties,leading to improvements in various diseases,in-cluding cancer,diabetes,and colitis.Notably,China stands as one of the world's largest producers and consumers of flax,a crop rich in lignans,a subclass of polyphenols.These flax lignans possess significant effects on the body,demonstrating immense potential for therapeutic applications.This paper delves into the origins,metabolic processes,and health benefits of flax lignans in China.It offers a comprehensive review of the mechanisms underlying flax lignans role in disease intervention,focusing on their interac-tions with relevant signalling pathways.Our findings suggest that flaxseed lignans can promote organismic health by either directly modulating gene expression or indirectly regulating signalling pathways.Further-more,flaxseed lignans can exhibit diverse effects depending on specific physiological conditions.

Objective To investigate the risk warning indicators for postoperative admission to the intensive care unit(ICU)in patients with ureteral calculi combined with urinary sepsis.Methods The clinical data of 288 patients with ureteral calculi combined with sepsis diagnosed and treated in the First Hospital of Fujian Medical University from October 2020 to October 2023 were retrospectively analyzed,including gender,age,length of hospitalization,clinical conditions[body mass index(BMI),diabetes,hypertension,systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS)score,sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA),quick SOFA(qSOFA)],general indicators[white blood cell count(WBC),body temperature,respiratory rate,heart rate],and degree of hydronephrosis.The patients were divided into two groups:those admitted to the ICU and those not admitted to the ICU after the operation.The differences in the above clinical data between the two groups of patients were compared.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to screen out the risk factors affecting the admission of patients with ureteral calculi combined with sepsis to the ICU,and the receiver operator characteristic curve(ROC curve)of the subjects was plotted to analyze the predictive efficacy of each risk factor on the admission of patients to the ICU.Results Finally,263 patients were enrolled,out of which 43 patients(16.35％)were admitted to ICU,and all patients recovered and were discharged.Compared with the group not admitted to the ICU,the length of hospitalization in the group admitted to the ICU was significantly longer(days:8.42±1.50 vs.5.51±1.19),and the proportion of patients with diabetes mellitus,the SIRS score,the SOFA score,the qSOFA score,the proportion of patients with body temperatures>39.4℃ or<35.8℃,respiratory rate>20 beats/min,heart rate>90 bpm,and the proportion of patients with severe hydronephrosis were all significantly higher[diabetes mellitus:44.19％(19/43)vs.27.27％(60/220),SIRS scores:3(2,4)vs.2(1,3),SOFA score:7(5,9)vs.4(3,6),qSOFA score:2(1,3)vs.0(0,1),and body temperature>39.4℃ or<35.8℃:44.19％(19/43)vs.25.91％(57/220),respiratory rate>20 beats/min:37.21％(16/43)vs.21.82％(48/220),heart rate>90 bpm:48.84％(21/43)vs.29.55％(65/220),severe hydronephrosis:72.09％(31/43)vs.17.28％(38/220),all P<0.05].Multivariate Logistic regression analyses showed that SOFA score,qSOFA score,and degree of hydronephrosis were independent risk factors for admission to the ICU,with odds ratios(OR)of 1.486,3.546,and 4.423,respectively,along with 95％confidence intervals(95％CI)of 1.146-1.925,1.949-6.543,and 2.355-8.305,P values were 0.003,<0.001,<0.001.ROC analysis showed that,the AUC of SOFA score was the largest of 0.824,the AUC of qSOFA was similar to that of SOFA(0.802 vs.0.824),and the specificity of hydronephrosis was the highest of 82.7％.The joint diagnosis of qSOFA and the degree of hydronephrosis were combined to establish a joint prediction model.The goodness-of-fit test was performed using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test,revealingχ2=8.942,P=0.257>0.05.This indicated that the predictive model of the joint index was well calibrated,and the ROC curves showed improved diagnostic efficacy of the joint index and were superior to that of the SOFA score(AUC:0.889 vs.0.824,P=0.047).Conclusion The qSOFA and the degree of hydronephrosis were independent risk factors for postoperative ICU admission in patients with ureteral calculi combined with urinary sepsis,and the combined diagnosis of the two may provide a good early warning of the risk of ICU admission in such patients.