In recent years， the incidence of pulmonary nodules has kept rising. To give full play to the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in the treatment of pulmonary nodules and identify the breakthrough points of integrating TCM with Western medicine， the China Association of Chinese Medicine organized medical experts in TCM and western medicine to carry out in-depth discussion regarding this disease. The discussion encompassed the modern medical advances， TCM theories of etiology and pathogenesis， the role and advantages of TCM in the whole course management of pulmonary nodules， contents and methods of research on pulmonary nodules， and science popularization work， aiming to provide a reference for clinical practice and scientific research. After discussion， the experts concluded that the occurrence of pulmonary nodules was rooted in the deficiency of the lung and spleen and triggered by phlegm dampness， blood stasis， and Qi stagnation. TCM can treat pulmonary nodules by controlling and reducing nodules， improving physical constitution， ameliorating multi-system nodular diseases， reducing anxiety and avoiding excessive diagnosis and treatment， and serving as an alternative for patients who are unwilling or unfit for surgical treatment. At present， the optimal diagnosis and treatment strategy for pulmonary nodules has not been formed， which needs to be further studied from multiple perspectives such as clinical epidemiology， biology， and evidence-based medicine. The primary task of current research is to find out the advantages， effective prescriptions， and target populations and determine the effective outcomes of TCM in the treatment of pulmonary nodules. At the same time， basic research should be carried out to explore the etiology and biological behaviors of pulmonary nodules. The expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary nodules with integrated TCM and Western medicine needs to be continuously revised to guide clinicians to conduct standardized， scientific， and accurate effective diagnosis and treatment.

In the outbreak of COVID-19,triage procedures based on epidemiology were implemented in a local hospital in Changsha to control the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and avoid healthcare-associated infection.This re-trospective study analyzed the data collected during the triage period and found that COVID-19 patients were en-riched 7 folds into the Section A designated for patients with obvious epidemiological history.On the other side,nearly triple amounts of visits were received at the Section B for patients without obvious epidemiological history.8 COVID-19 cases were spotted out of 247 suspected patients.More than 50％of the suspected patients were submi-tted to multiple rounds of nucleic acid analysis for SARS-CoV-2 infection.Of the 239 patients who were diagnosed as negative of the virus infection,188 were successfully revisited and none was reported as COVID-19 case.Of the 8 COVID-19 patients,3 were confirmed only after multiple rounds of nucleic acid analysis.Besides comorbidities,delayed sharing of epidemiological history added complexity to the diagnosis in practice.The triaging experience and strategy will be helpful for the control of infectious diseases in the future.

Aurora kinase A (AURKA),a family member of aurora kinases,is involved in mitotic entry,maturation and separation of centrosome,assembly and stabilization of bipolar spindle,and condensation and separation of chromosome.Studies have demonstrated that AURKA plays a similar role in meiosis,while the specific mechanism and the similarities and differences in its role between meiosis and mitosis remain unclear.Therefore,we reviewed the studies about the localization and activation of AURKA in oocyte meiosis,and compared the role of AURKA in regulating spindle formation,activating spindle assembly checkpoint,and correcting the kinetochore-microtubule attachment between the meiosis of oocytes and the mitosis of somatic cells.This review will lay a theoretical foundation for revealing the mechanism of AURKA in the regulation of cell division and for the clinical research related to cancer and reproduction.
Aurora Kinase A/genetics* ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics* ; Chromosome Segregation ; Humans ; Meiosis ; Oocytes

Objective:To observe the effect of Qigesan on the proliferation and apoptosis of the human esophageal cancer cell EC9706， and the effect on miR-133a/protein kinase B（Akt）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signaling pathway. Method:The effective constituent of Qigesan was extracted by ethyl acetate. Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide（MTT） colorimetric assay was used to determine the dosage of Qigesan on cells and to detect the effect of Qigesan on the proliferation of EC9706 cells. The effect of Qigesan on apoptosis of EC9706 cells was detected by flow cytometry. The effect of Qigesan on miR-133a and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor（IGF-1R） mRNA expression was detected by Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） . The protein expression of Akt and mTOR in EC9706 cells was detected by Western blot. Result:Qigesan can inhibit the proliferation of EC9706 cells in a dose-dependent manner（P<0.01）. Inhibitory concentrations 30% inhibition concentration（IC₃₀） 40 mg·L^-1 and median inhibition concentration（IC₅₀） 80 mg·L^-1 were selected for follow-up experiments. Compared with the blank group， both the inhibitor group and the combination drug group can inhibit the proliferation of EC9706 cells （P<0.01）. The inhibitor at 0.25 μmol·L^-1 was selected for subsequent experiments. Compared with the blank group， Qigesan 80 mg·L^-1 dose group could significantly promote the late apoptosis rate and total apoptosis rate of EC9706 cells（P<0.05）， and the 40 mg·L^-1 dose group could significantly promote the late apoptosis rate of EC9706 cells（P<0.05）， which shows synergistic effect after concomitant use with Akt/mTOR inhibitor（P<0.05）. Compared with the blank control group， each group can effectively increase expression of miR-133a（P<0.05）. The combination of inhibitor and traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） has obvious promotion effect. Compared with blank control group， the expressions of Akt and mTOR were significantly decreased in each group（P<0.05）. Compared with single medication， the expressions of Akt and mTOR were decreased in combination of inhibitor and TCM group. Conclusion:Qigesan can inhibit the growth of EC9706 cells and promote apoptosis， and its inhibitory mechanism may be related to the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway by regulating the expression of miR-133a.

Esophageal cancer is one of the malignant tumors with a high morbidity and mortality in China. According to China's latest cancer report released by the National Cancer Center in 2019, the number of people suffering from esophageal cancer reached 246 000 in 2015, and the death toll reached 188 000. How to effectively treat esophageal cancer and improve the survival rate of patients is one of the most urgent problems in the field of medicine. Phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway is one of the most important signaling pathway for regulating cell survival, differentiation and apoptosis in the body. It also plays an important role in the occurrence and mechanism of various cancers. Recent studies have shown that the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is an important factor in regulating proliferation, apoptosis, cycle arrest, migration and invasion of esophageal cancer cells. The long-term clinical observation found that traditional Chinese medicine has a stable effect in the treatment of esophageal cancer and little side effects, especially in improving the quality of life of cancer patients and prolonging the survival period of patients. At present, it is a research hotspot to intervene this signal pathway with traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of esophageal cancer, so as to explore its mechanism of action on esophageal cancer. This paper focused on literatures in CNKI and PubMed databases from 2009 to 2019, with PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, esophageal cancer and miRNA as the key words. A total of 226 literatures were retrieved, and 61 literatures relating to traditional Chinese medicine, esophageal cancer, miRNA and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway were sorted out and summarized. This paper reviewed the mechanism of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in esophageal cancer, the relationship between miRNA and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and esophageal cancer, and how traditional Chinese medicine can regulate the expressions of relevant proteins in PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to inhibit cell proliferation, affect cell growth cycle, induce cell apoptosis, inducing cell autophagy, inhibit tumor invasion and metastasis, inhibit angiogenesis. Finally, it can improve esophageal cancer to provide theoretical basis and scientific basis for the treatment of esophageal cancer with traditional Chinese medicine.

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of periodontal tissues initiated by oral biofilm. Cellular autophagy is an effective weapon against bacterial infection. Recent studies have shown that autophagy not only promotes the removal of bacteria and toxins from infected cells, but also helps to suppress the inflammatory response to maintain the homeostasis of intracellular environment, which is closely related to the development of periodontitis. Here, we reviewed the relationship between autophagy and periodontitis from three aspects: the interactions between autophagy and periodontal pathogen infection, the regulation of autophagy and immune inflammatory responses, and the relationship between autophagy and alveolar bone metabolism. We aim to provide ideas for further study on the mechanisms of autophagy and periodontitis, and ultimately contribute to a better prevention and treatment of periodontitis.
Autophagy ; Bacteria ; Biofilms ; Humans ; Periodontitis ; Periodontium

Objective This study aimed to verify the association between osteoprotegerin gene () and its variants with osteoporosis (OP) by performing integrative analysis.Methods We used the KGG software to perform gene-based association analysis, which integrated all publicly available single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based values and obtained an overall value for the . The significant SNPs were screened for expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). Meta-analysis was used to combine the associations between the variants of and bone mineral density (BMD) reported in the literatures. Then we performed dual-luciferase reporter gene systems for the functional verification of the variants of .Results In the gene-based association analysis, the over all value of was 6.24×10 for BMD at femoral neck (FN) and 7.37×10 for BMD at lumbar spine (LS), indicating the importance of for OP. The publicly available eQTL database identified 5 eQTLs which exert cis-regulation effects on at FN and LS. Literature searching found that rs2073617 (known as T950C) was the hot spot SNP. There were 13 relevant studies on rs2073617 besides the GEFOS-2 study identified from the PubMed. Significant differences among TT, TC and CC genotypes at FN (= 0.047) and LS (= 0.025) were shown by meta-analysis, demonstrating the associations between T950C polymorphism and BMD. Luciferase gene expression was significantly higher at the presence of allele C than allele T in the 293T cells (=-9.47, <0.01). Conclusion The integrative analysis further confirmed the importance of in OP and the correlation of T950C polymorphism with BMD of OP. The strategy can be used as a reference for functional interpretation of other disease-related genes.

The safety of occupational exposure to inhaled anesthetics remains a concern among the medical staff in hospitals. Few reports are seen about the impact of inhaled anesthetics on the reproductive system, particularly that of males. Several clinical and basic studies on isoflurane and others suggest that inhaled anesthetics affect the reproductive system of rodents by decreasing the sperm count, inducing sperm morphological abnormality, reducing sperm motility, and changing the levels of reproductive hormones, the underlying mechanisms of which are mainly associated with the alteration of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and DNA damage and apoptosis of reproductive cells. This article reviews the main impacts of inhaled anesthetics on the male reproductive system and the possible mechanisms.
Anesthetics, Inhalation ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; DNA Damage ; Genitalia, Male ; drug effects ; Humans ; Isoflurane ; pharmacology ; Male ; Occupational Exposure ; Sperm Count ; Sperm Motility ; drug effects ; Spermatozoa ; drug effects

Objective To detect the in vitro antifungal activity of Honghefujie (HHFJ) lotion against Candida Albicans biofilm and superficial fungus.Methods The antifungal activity of HHFJ lotion against Candida Albicans biofilm was investigated by microscopes and crystal violet staining method.The reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in the Candida Albicans biofilm was observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericide concentration (MBC) with superficial fungus were determined by the microporous double dilution method.The bactericidal rate was calculated through colony counting method.Results The results showed that HHFJ lotion after 40-fold dilution was effective in inhibiting Candida Albicans biofilm formation.HHFJ lotion under 10-fold dilution could eliminate mature biofilms.HHFJ lotion elevated ROS levels in biofilms.Besides,HHFJ lotion was active against almost tested superficial fungus,the MIC was almost 32-128 fold dilution and the MBC was almost 16-32 fold.The original concentration,5 and 10 times diluents of HHFJ lotion had strong antifungal effect on the tested fungus.Conclusion HHFJ lotion has good antifungal activity in vitro against Candida Albicans biofilm and superficial fungus.