Digital intraoral scanning is a hot topic in the field of oral digital technology.In recent years,digital intra-oral scanning has gradually become the mainstream technology in orthodontics,prosthodontics,and implant dentistry.The precision of digital intraoral scanning and the accuracy and stitching of data collection are the keys to the success of the impression.However,the operators are less familiar with the intraoral scanning characteristics,imaging process-ing,operator scanning method,oral tissue specificity of the scanned object,and restoration design.Thus far,no unified standard and consensus on digital intraoral scanning technology has been achieved at home or abroad.To deal with the problems encountered in oral scanning and improve the quality of digital scanning,we collected common expert opin-ions and sought to expound the causes of scanning errors and countermeasures by summarizing the existing evidence.We also describe the scanning strategies under different oral impression requirements.The expert consensus is that due to various factors affecting the accuracy of digital intraoral scanning and the reproducibility of scanned images,adopting the correct scanning trajectory can shorten clinical operation time and improve scanning accuracy.The scanning trajec-tories mainly include the E-shaped,segmented,and S-shaped methods.When performing fixed denture restoration,it is recommended to first scan the abutment and adjacent teeth.When performing fixed denture restoration,it is recommend-ed to scan the abutment and adjacent teeth first.Then the cavity in the abutment area is excavated.Lastly,the cavity gap was scanned after completing the abutment preparation.This method not only meets clinical needs but also achieves the most reliable accuracy.When performing full denture restoration in edentulous jaws,setting markers on the mucosal tissue at the bottom of the alveolar ridge,simultaneously capturing images of the vestibular area,using different types of scanning paths such as Z-shaped,S-shaped,buccal-palatal and palatal-buccal pathways,segmented scanning of dental arches,and other strategies can reduce scanning errors and improve image stitching and overlap.For implant restora-tion,when a single crown restoration is supported by implants and a small span upper structure restoration,it is recom-mended to first pre-scan the required dental arch.Then the cavity in the abutment area is excavated.Lastly,scanning the cavity gap after installing the implant scanning rod.When repairing a bone level implant crown,an improved indi-rect scanning method can be used.The scanning process includes three steps:First,the temporary restoration,adjacent teeth,and gingival tissue in the mouth are scanned;second,the entire dental arch is scanned after installing a standard scanning rod on the implant;and third,the temporary restoration outside the mouth is scanned to obtain the three-di-mensional shape of the gingival contour of the implant neck,thereby increasing the stability of soft tissue scanning around the implant and improving scanning restoration.For dental implant fixed bridge repair with missing teeth,the mobility of the mucosa increases the difficulty of scanning,making it difficult for scanners to distinguish scanning rods of the same shape and size,which can easily cause image stacking errors.Higher accuracy of digital implant impres-sions can be achieved by changing the geometric shape of the scanning rods to change the optical curvature radius.The consensus confirms that as the range of scanned dental arches and the number of data concatenations increases,the scanning accuracy decreases accordingly,especially when performing full mouth implant restoration impressions.The difficulty of image stitching processing can easily be increased by the presence of unstable and uneven mucosal mor-phology inside the mouth and the lack of relatively obvious and fixed reference objects,which results in insufficient ac-curacy.When designing restorations of this type,it is advisable to carefully choose digital intraoral scanning methods to obtain model data.It is not recommended to use digital impressions when there are more than five missing teeth.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and treatment scheme of patients with spinal infection caused by Prevotella intermedia(P.intermedia).Methods Clinical diagnosis and treatment processes of a patient with spinal infection caused by P.intermedia admitted to the spinal surgery department of a hospital were summa-rized,and relevant literature was retrieved from database for reviewing.Results The patient,a 50 year old male,was admitted to the hospital due to"lumbago pain complicated with pain in double lower extremities for 2 months".The lesion tissue was taken for metagenomic next-generation sequencing(mNGS)detection,which detected P.in-termedia,and the patient was diagnosed with P.intermedia spondylitis.After treatments with open lesion clea-rance,tube rinsing+autologous bone transplantation fusion internal fixation,intravenous drip of ceftriaxone sodium and metronidazole,as well as metronidazole rinsing,infection was under control.A total of 16 available papers were retrieved,together with this case,a total of 17 patients were included,with 7 males and 10 females.The main risk factors were diabetes and history of corticosteroid use(35.3％).The most common invasion sites were lumbar ver-tebra(n=12)and thoracic vertebra(n=6).13 cases were positive for pathogen culture,3 cases were positive for molecular detection,and 1 case was positive for staining microscopy.17 patients received anti-anaerobic bacteria treatment,with 14 cases receiving combined surgical treatment.One case died,with a mortality of 5.9％;5 cases had partial neurological impairment,with a disability rate of 29.4％.The survival rate of patients who received treatment of anti-anaerobic bacteria combined with surgery was 92.8％,3 patients only with anti-anaerobic bacteria treatment but without surgery were all cured.Conclusion P.intermedia is an opportunistic pathogeanic bacteria which often causes infection in immunocomprised individuals and is prone to be misdiagnosed.It is recommended to perform mNGS detection to identify the pathogen as early as possible and seize the opportunity for treatment to reduce mortality.

The compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel, MCI, Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography. The structures of the compounds were determined by NMR and MS spectroscopic data. Twenty monomer compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of Lindera reflexa root from Hunan province, and identified as: (1″S,3″S,6″R)-2′,4′,6′-trihydroxy-3′-[1″-(3″-hydroxy)-p-menthanyl]-chalcone (1), sumadain D (2), quercetin (3), catechin (4), epicatechin (5), N-cis-feruloyltyramine (6), N-trans-feruloyltyramine (7), N-trans-feruloyl-3-methoxytyramine (8), flavifloramides B (9), northalifoline (10), isolariciresinol (11), syringaresinol (12), pinoresinol (13), medioresinol (14), dehydroconiferyl alcohol (15), 4-methoxyl-denudaquinol (16), miliusanal (17), syringic acid (18), abscisic acid (19), (E)-cinnamyl-(E)-cinnamate (20). Compound 1 is a new compound, and compounds 2‒20 have been isolated from Lindera reflexa for the first time. The results showed that compounds 1, 2, 3 and 16 could significantly reduce the survival ability of MGC-803 cells with IC₅₀ values of 5.58, 23.41, 25.72 and 20.96 μmol·L^-1, respectively. Compounds 5 and 20 can reduce the survival ability of MGC-803 cells with IC₅₀ values of 98.83 and 89.26 μmol·L^-1, respectively.

Objective To study the correlation between serum thioredoxin 1(TRX-1)and nucleotide-bind-ing oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)expression levels and functional dyspepsia(FD)in children.Methods A total of 45 children with FD who were admitted to Shijiazhuang Maternal and Child Health Hospital from May 2022 to June 2023 were enrolled as the FD group.Another 40 healthy children were selected as the control group.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to measure the expression lev-els of serum TRX-1 and NLRP3 mRNA.Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation be-tween the expression levels of serum TRX-1 mRNA,NLRP3 mRNA and FD related scores.Multivariate Lo-gistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of FD.Results The expression levels of TRX-1 mRNA and NLRP3 mRNA in FD group were higher than those in control group(P＜0.05).The mild and moderate FD groups had significantly lower serum TRX-1 mRNA and NLRP3 mRNA expression levels than the severe FD group,and the mild FD group had significantly lower serum TRX-1 mRNA and NLRP3 mRNA expression levels than the moderate FD group(P＜0.05).The expression levels of TRX-1 mRNA and NLRP3 mRNA in serum were positively correlated with egigastric pain,abdominal distension or epigastric discomfort,nausea and vomiting(P＜0.05),but were not correlated with early satiety,loss of appetite or food intake,and belching(P＞0.05).The expression level of serum NLRP3 mRNA was positively correlated with the total score(P＜0.05),while the expression level of serum TRX-1 mRNA was not correlated with the total score(P＞0.05).The increased levels of serum TRX-1 mRNA and NLRP3 mRNA were independent risk factors for FD(P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression levels of TRX-1 and NLRP3 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of FD.

Objective To explore the evidence,urinary biomarkers,and partial mechanisms of hypercoagulability in the pathogenesis of IgA vasculitis(IgAV).Methods Differential expression of proteins in the urine of 10 healthy children and 10 children with IgAV was screened using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,followed by Reactome pathway analysis.Protein-protein interaction(PPI)network analysis was conducted using STRING and Cytoscape software.In the validation cohort,15 healthy children and 25 children with IgAV were included,and the expression levels of differential urinary proteins were verified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results A total of 772 differential proteins were identified between the IgAV group and the control group,with 768 upregulated and 4 downregulated.Reactome pathway enrichment results showed that neutrophil degranulation,platelet activation,and hemostasis pathways were involved in the pathogenesis of IgAV.Among the differential proteins,macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF)played a significant role in neutrophil degranulation and hemostasis,while thrombin was a key protein in platelet activation and hemostasis pathways.PPI analysis indicated that thrombin directly interacted with several proteins involved in inflammatory responses,and these interactions involved MIF.Validation results showed that compared to healthy children,children with IgAV had significantly higher urine thrombin/creatinine and urine MIF/creatinine levels(P<0.05).Conclusions Thrombin contributes to the pathogenesis of IgAV through interactions with inflammatory factors.Urinary thrombin and MIF can serve as biomarkers reflecting the hypercoagulable and inflammatory states in children with IgAV.

Objective To study the clinical and pathological characteristics,as well as diagnosis,treatment methods and prognosis of adult patients with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection(CAEBVI).Methods Clinical and pathological data of 8 adult patients with CAEBVI admitted to a hospital in Gansu Province from January 2017 to December 2022 were collected retrospectively,clinical and histopathological characteristics,EBV-related test re-sults,as well as treatment and prognosis of patients were analyzed.Results Among 8 CAEBVI patients,3 were males and 5 were females,with the median age of 21.5 years.The median time from onset to diagnosis of CAEBVI was 7 months.The main manifestations were fever,pancytopenia(involving two or three peripheral blood lines),as well as lymph node enlargement,hepatomegaly and splenomegaly.The quantifications of plasma EBV nucleic acid(DNA)were all＞1.0 × 103.The sorting results of EBV infected cells showed that 3 cases were T lymphocytes in-fection,2 were NK cell infection,and 3 were co-infection of T lymphocytes and NK cells.Bone marrow cytological examination of 8 patients showed no atypical lymphocytes,while 6 patients showed hemophagocytic cells.Flow cy-tometey(FCM)typing results showed that no abnormal cell population was detected in all the 8 patients,and no myeloid,B lymphocyte,T lymphocyte and NK cell markers were expressed.The positive rate of T cell receptor(TCR)gene rearrangement was 37.5％(n=3).Histopathology showed that most cases(n=6,75.0％)expressed CD3,partial cases expressed CD4,CD8,CD56,TIA-1,and EBV encoded RNA(EBER),all were positive.The survival rate of patients after treatment was 50.0％(n=4),the follow-up time was 6-51 months,the 1-year sur-vival rate was 85.7％,and the median survival time was 24 months.Conclusion CAEBVI is characterized by varia-ble clinical manifestations that may lead to fatal complications.Early diagnosis and individualized treatment should be performed to reduce mortality of patients.

AIM To establish a UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous content determination of gallic acid,protocatechuic acid,neomangiferin,catechin,caffeic acid,mangiferin,isomangiferin,albiflorin,paeoniflorin,vitexin,liquiritin,scutellarin,baicalin,liquiritigenin,timosaponin BⅡ,quercetin,wogonoside,benzoylpaeoniflorin,isoliquiritigenin,honokiol,magnolol,norarecaidine,arecaidine,arecoline,epicatechin,baicalein,glycyrrhizinate and wogonin in Dayuan Drink.METHODS The analysis was performed on a 35℃thermostatic Syncronis C18 column(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of 0.1%formic acid-acetonitrile flowing at 0.3 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and electron spray inoization source was adopted in positive and negative ion scanning with select reaction monitoring mode.RESULTS Twenty-eight constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges(R2≥0.991 0),whose average recoveries were 95.60%-103.53%with the RSDs of 0.60%-5.45%.CONCLUSION This rapid,simple,selective,accurate and reliable method can be used for the quality control of Dayuan Drink.

AIM To investigate the effects and mechanism of Shenxiao Jiedu Tongluo Recipe on renal AIM 2-mediated pyroptosis of a golden hamster model of diabetic nephropathy(DN).METHODS Fifty male golden hamsters of SPF grade were randomly divided into the control group and the model group.The golden hamsters of the model group successfully developed into DN models by feeding of high glucose and high fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of STZ were further randomly assigned into the model group,the enagliflozin group(10 mg/kg),and the low-dose and the high-dose Shenxiao Jiedu Tongluo Recipe groups(12.8,25.6 g/kg)for 8 weeks gavage of the corresponding administration.The golden hamsters had their levels of fasting blood glucose,24 h-UTP,serum TC,LDL-C,Scr,and Sur detected by automatic biochemical analyzer;their serum SOD activity and MDA level detected by biochemical method;their serum levels of IL-1β,IL-18,and TNF-α detected by ELISA method;their pathomorphological changes of kidney tissue observed by HE and PAS staining;their protein expressions of ROS and γH2AX detected by immunofluorescence or immunohistochemistry;and their renal protein expressions of AIM 2,caspase-1 and GSDMD detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the model group showed atrophic glomeruli;enlarged glomerular capsule cavity;mesangial expansion;edema and necrosis in the dilated renal tubules;increased levels of fasting blood glucose,24 h-UTP,serum TC,LDL-C,Scr,Sur,IL-1β,IL-18,TNF-α,MDA and renal protein expressions of ROS,γH2AX,AIM2,caspase-1,GSDMD(P＜0.01);and decreased serum SOD activity(P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,the high-dose Shenxiao Jiedu Tongluo Recipe group and the enagliflozin group displayed improved renal histopathology,decreased levels of 24 h-UTP,serum TC,LDL-C,Scr,Sur,IL-1β,IL-18,TNF-α,MDA and renal protein expressions of ROS,γH2AX,AIM2,caspase-1,GSDMD(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);and increased serum SOD activity(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION Shenxiao Jiedu Tongluo Recipe can inhibit AIM 2-mediated cell death and alleviate renal inflammatory damage in golden hamsters by inhibiting their expression of ROS-dsDNA-AIM 2 signal pathway to attain reduction of their renal ROS level,DNA damage of renal intrinsic cells,and synthesis of AIM 2 inflammatory corpuscles as well.

China prospective multicenter birth cohort (Prospective Omics Health Atlas birth cohort, POHA birth cohort) study was officially launched in 2022. This study, in collaboration with 12 participating units, aims to establish a high-quality, multidimensional cohort comprising 20 000 naturally conceived families and assisted reproductive families. The study involves long-term follow-up of parents and offspring, with corresponding biological samples collected at key time points. Through multi-omics testing and analysis, the study aims to conduct multi-omics big data research across the entire maternal and infant life cycle. The goal is to identify new biomarkers for maternal and infant diseases and provide scientific evidence for risk prediction related to maternal diseases and neonatal health.

Objective To investigate the changes and clinical significance of serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) levels in children with functional dyspepsia (FD). Methods A retrospective study was conducted to enroll 89 FD children admitted from October 2022 to October 2023 as FD group, and 91 healthy children in the same period were selected as control group. The FD group was further divided into mild group (n=36), moderate group (n=33), and severe group (n=20) based on the severity of the disease. The serum levels of MCP-1 and PGE₂ were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The severity of the disease was assessed by the Global Overall Symptom Score (GOSS), and gastric emptying was evaluated in all the children. Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses were performed to explore the correlations of serum MCP-1 and PGE₂ levels with gastric half-emptying time and FD symptom scores. Results The serum MCP-1 level in the FD group was significantly higher than that in the control group, while the PGE₂level was significantly lower (P < 0.05). In the severe group, the serum MCP-1 level was significantly higher while the PGE₂ level was significantly lower than that in the moderate and mild groups, and similar differences were significantly observed between the moderate and mild groups (P < 0.05). The gastric half-emptying time and postprandial 2-hour residual rate were significantly higher in the FD group than the control group (P < 0.05). Serum MCP-1 in FD children was positively correlated with gastric half-emptying time and postprandial 2-hour residual rate (P < 0.05), while serum PGE₂ was negatively correlated with these parameters (P < 0.05). Serum MCP-1 in FD children was significantly positively correlated with upper abdominal burning sensation, early satiety, belching, upper abdominal pain, and the total GOSS score (r=0.611, 0.509, 0.504, 0.491, 0.513; P < 0.05), while PGE2 was significantly negatively correlated with upper abdominal burning sensation, early satiety, belching, upper abdominal pain, acid reflux, and GOSS total score (r=-0.516, -0.561, -0.493, -0.533, -0.497, -0.482; P < 0.05). Conclusion Elevated serum MCP-1 and decreased PGE₂ levels in children with FD are closely related to the severity of the disease, gastric emptying, and some FD symptoms.