Objective:To analyze the immune microenvironment characteristics of human dental follicle tissues from the third molars and to explore the mutual communication and the effects of innate immune cells and adaptive immune cells within the dental follicle.Methods:Sequencing data(GSA-Human:HRA008022)in the GSA database were analyzed.Bioinformatics tools were employed for gene identification and GO enrichment analysis was performed to define the biological function of innate and adaptive immune cells.CellChat analysis was used for explaining intercellular communication among immune cell populations.Results:Using t-SNE dimen-sionality reduction analysis for immune cell populations,innate immune cell populations were obtained,including innate lymphoid cells,dendritic cells,mast cells and macrophages,and adaptive immune cell populations including T cells and B cells.Pearson corre-lation analysis showed that innate immune cells,specifically innate lymphoid cells and macrophages,had a strong correlation with adap-tive immune cell populations.GO enrichment analysis revealed mutual coordination among innate immune cell populations and regulato-ry effects on adaptive immune cell populations.Further CellChat analysis indicated biological signal transmission between innate and a-daptive immune cell populations,with CLEC,MIF,ADGRE5,COLLAGEN and MIF signaling pathways is the most significant.Con-clusion:Dental follicle tissues are rich in immune cells and innate immune cell populations interact with adaptive immune cells to regulate immune responses and participate in maintaining the homeostasis of dental follicle.

ObjectiveTemporal heterogeneity in lung cancer presents as fluctuations in the biological characteristics, genomic mutations, proliferation rates, and chemotherapeutic responses of tumor cells over time, posing a significant barrier to effective treatment. The complexity of this temporal variance, coupled with the spatial diversity of lung cancer, presents formidable challenges for research. This article will pave the way for new avenues in lung cancer research, aiding in a deeper understanding of the temporal heterogeneity of lung cancer, thereby enhancing the cure rate for lung cancer. MethodsRaman spectroscopy emerges as a powerful tool for real-time surveillance of biomolecular composition changes in lung cancer at the cellular scale, thus shedding light on the disease’s temporal heterogeneity. In our investigation, we harnessed Raman spectroscopic microscopy alongside multivariate statistical analysis to scrutinize the biomolecular alterations in human lung epithelial cells across various timeframes after benzo(a)pyrene exposure. ResultsOur findings indicated a temporal reduction in nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, and carotenoids, coinciding with a rise in glucose concentration. These patterns suggest that benzo(a)pyrene induces structural damage to the genetic material, accelerates lipid peroxidation, disrupts protein metabolism, curtails carotenoid production, and alters glucose metabolic pathways. Employing Raman spectroscopy enabled us to monitor the biomolecular dynamics within lung cancer cells in a real-time, non-invasive, and non-destructive manner, facilitating the elucidation of pivotal molecular features. ConclusionThis research enhances the comprehension of lung cancer progression and supports the development of personalized therapeutic approaches, which may improve the clinical outcomes for patients.

Objective To understand the disease experiences of women with endometriosis(EMs),so as to provide a basis for improving the diagnosis,treatment,nursing and support of this population.Methods The databases of PubMed,Web of Science,Scopus,Embase,Cochrane Library,VIP,Wanfang Data,CNKI,CBM were retrieved on qualitative research about the disease experiences of endometriosis patients from inception to Jun 2023.The quality of the literature was evaluated by Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)Critical Appraisal Tool for qualitative studies.Results A total of 17 studies were included,51 clear research findings were extracted,which were summarized into 10 new categories and 3 integrated results:(1)Cyclical episodes of the disease not only bring physical and psychological distress,but also lead to decreasing the patient's sense of female identity,destroying social and intimating relationships;(2)The doctor and patient interaction is influenced by imbalance of cognitive,the process of diagnosis and treatment is full of challenges,and patients have a demand for professional information and social support;(3)Growing up in pain,patients actively self-adjust and positively cope with the disease.Conclusion EMs affects patients'quality of life physiologically and psychologically,with prevalent issues of delayed diagnosis and repeated treatments.The professional information supported by health professionals needs to be improved.Healthcare providers should pay more attention to patients'physical and emotional experiences in their clinical work,improve their informal support,participate in long-term management,and improve patients'ability to manage their diseases.

Malocclusion,identified by the World Health Organization(WHO)as one of three major oral diseases,profoundly impacts the dental-maxillofacial functions,facial esthetics,and long-term development of～260 million children in China.Beyond its physical manifestations,malocclusion also significantly influences the psycho-social well-being of these children.Timely intervention in malocclusion can foster an environment conducive to dental-maxillofacial development and substantially decrease the incidence of malocclusion or reduce the severity and complexity of malocclusion in the permanent dentition,by mitigating the negative impact of abnormal environmental influences on the growth.Early orthodontic treatment encompasses accurate identification and treatment of dental and maxillofacial morphological and functional abnormalities during various stages of dental-maxillofacial development,ranging from fetal stages to the early permanent dentition phase.From an economic and societal standpoint,the urgency for effective early orthodontic treatments for malocclusions in childhood cannot be overstated,underlining its profound practical and social importance.This consensus paper discusses the characteristics and the detrimental effects of malocclusion in children,emphasizing critical need for early treatment.It elaborates on corresponding core principles and fundamental approaches in early orthodontics,proposing comprehensive guidance for preventive and interceptive orthodontic treatment,serving as a reference for clinicians engaged in early orthodontic treatment.

Objective To explore the effect of the POC CLOUD intelligent management platform on the training of resi-dent doctors with the principles and operation of various point-of-care testing(POCT)instruments to develop quality control man-agement skills and ensure result accuracy.Methods In alignment with Standardized Training Content and Standards for Resi-dent Trainees(2022 Edition and the development of POCT teaching in departments,the POC CLOUD platform was employed to provide information-based and standardized training for resident trainees.Results The POC CLOUD platform standardized resi-dent trainees'qualifications for operating POCT instruments and facilitated a quick understanding of the instruments'status in ro-tating departments.This approach enhanced resident trainees'learning and quality control management skills,enabling them to analyze and review test results effectively.Conclusion POCT teaching method based on the POC CLOUD platform systematical-ly develops resident trainees'operational and quality control abilities,ensuring the accuracy and reliability of test results and im-proving the overall quality of resident trainees.

Objective To evaluate the pharmacokinetics characteristics of single-dose of Etripamil nasal spray 70 mg in healthy adult Chinese subjects.Methods This was a single-center,randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled study.Twelve healthy adult Chinese subjects were randomized to receive single-dose of Etripamil nasal spray 70 mg(n=10)or placebo nasal spray(n=2).Blood and urine samples were collected prior and post dose.Etripamil in plasma and urine were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by WinNonlin non-compartmental model.Results Following the single-dose of Etripamil nasal spray 70 mg in healthy adult Chinese subjects,the peak concentration of Etripamil in plasma was quickly attained,with a Cmax of(66.76±56.61)ng·mL-1 and a median(range)tmax of 4.00(3.00-5.00)min.The plasma concentrations of Etripamil had fallen approximately 65％from peak value at 25 min after dosing,and close to 80％within 50 min.The AUC0-last and AUC0-∞ were(3 104.16±2 654.46)and(4 048.77±2 682.38)ng·min·mL-1,respectively.The urine excretion percentage of Etripamil during 24 h was(0.01±0.01)％.Among the 12 subjects who were treated with Etripamil or placebo,10 subjects reported a total of 29 treatment-emergent adverse events(TEAEs).All of the TEAEs were mild in severity.The most common TEAEs were rhinorrhoea and lacrimation increased.Conclusion Etripamil was quickly absorbed after intranasal administration,followed by rapid distribution and elimination(not primarily excreted by renal);Etripamil 70 mg was safe and well tolerated by the healthy Chinese adult subjects.

Objective:To evaluate the efficiency of the four domestic language models,ERNIE Bot,ChatGLM2,Spark Desk and Qwen-14B-Chat,all with a massive user base and significant social attention,in response to consultations about PCa-related perio-perative nursing and health education.Methods:We designed a questionnaire that includes 15 questions commonly concerned by patients undergoing radical prostatectomy and 2 common nursing cases,and inputted the questions into each of the four language models for simulation consultation.Three nursing experts assessed the model responses based on a pre-designed Likert 5-point scale in terms of accuracy,comprehensiveness,understandability,humanistic care,and case analysis.We evaluated and compared the performance of the four models using visualization tools and statistical analyses.Results:All the models generated high-quality texts with no mis-leading information and exhibited satisfactory performance.Qwen-14B-Chat scored the highest in all aspects and showed relatively sta-ble outputs in multiple tests compared with ChatGLM2.Spark Desk performed well in terms of understandability but lacked comprehen-siveness and humanistic care.Both Qwen-14B-Chat and ChatGLM2 demonstrated excellent performance in case analysis.The overall performance of ERNIE Bot was slightly inferior.All things considered,Qwen-14B-Chat was superior to the other three models in con-sultations about PCa-related perioperative nursing and health education.Conclusion:In PCa-related perioperative nursing,large language models represented by Qwen-14B-Chat are expected to become powerful auxiliary tools to provide patients with more medical expertise and information support,so as to improve the patient compliance and the quality of clinical treatment and nursing.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a crucial role in maintaining the homeostasis of the brain's internal environment, which poses challenges to the treatment of central nervous system diseases. Drug carriers can aid in the delivery of therapeutic agents across the BBB to exert their pharmacological effects. The article reviewed the pathways for drug delivery across the BBB, the intracerebral fate and the classification of drug carriers and focuses on the functions and characteristics of liposomes, exosomes, apoptotic bodies, cell-penetrating peptides, and cell-targeting peptides. The review will provide an outlook on the future and challenge of research in the field of drug delivery across the BBB.

Objective: To compare the difference in somatic gene mutation of PTC subtypes between 114 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Methods: Totally 114 PTC patients admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were recruited. The 18 hotspot genes associated with thyroid cancer were detected in thyroidectomy specimens were using next generation sequencing. PTC data were downloaded from the TCGA database in the cBioPortal website, and the difference in the somatic gene mutation was compared between 114 PTC patients and the TCGA database Results: The 114 PTC patients included 73 women (64.04%) and had a mean age of (39.23±13.18) years. The prevalence of BRAF V600E (66.67% vs. 48.68%), TERTp (3.51% vs. 0.41%), PDGFRA (1.75% vs. 0%), PTEN (3.51% vs. 0.41%) and TP53 gene mutations (4.39% vs. 0.61%) was significantly higher among the 114 PCT patients than in the TCGA database (P<0.05). The prevalence of BRAF V600E (80.88% vs. 54.99%), TP53 (7.35% vs. 0.57%) and TSHR gene mutations (2.94% vs. 0%) was significantly higher in classical PTC(CPTC) patients than in the TCGA database, and the prevalence of BRAF V600E (36.84% vs.13.86%) and TERTp gene mutations (10.53% vs. 0%) was significantly higher in follicular variant PTC (FVPTC) patients than in the TCGA database. According to the American Thyroid Association Risk Stratification of Thyroid Cancer Recurrence, the prevalence of BRAF V600E and TP53 gene mutations was 77.14% and 8.57% among moderate-risk CPTC patients, the prevalence of BRAF V600E gene mutation was 27.27% among low-risk FVPTC patients, and the prevalence of TERTp gene mutation was 33.33% among moderate-risk FVPTC patients, which were all higher than in the TCGA database (55.10%, 0%, 3.28%, and 0%, respectively; P<0.05). Conclusion There are significant differences in the type and rate of somatic gene mutations between 114 PTC patients and the TCGA database.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the consistency and diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detecting microvascular invasion (MVI) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the validity of deep learning attention mechanisms and clinical features for MVI grade prediction. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted among 158 patients with HCC treated in Shunde Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University between January, 2017 and February, 2020. The imaging data and clinical data of the patients were collected to establish single sequence deep learning models and fusion models based on the EfficientNetB0 and attention modules. The imaging data included conventional MRI sequences (T₁WI, T₂WI, and DWI), enhanced MRI sequences (AP, PP, EP, and HBP) and synthesized MRI sequences (T1mapping-pre and T1mapping-20 min), and the high-risk areas of MVI were visualized using deep learning visualization techniques. RESULTS: The fusion model based on T1mapping-20min sequence and clinical features outperformed other fusion models with an accuracy of 0.8376, a sensitivity of 0.8378, a specificity of 0.8702, and an AUC of 0.8501 for detecting MVI. The deep fusion models were also capable of displaying the high-risk areas of MVI. CONCLUSION The fusion models based on multiple MRI sequences can effectively detect MVI in patients with HCC, demonstrating the validity of deep learning algorithm that combines attention mechanism and clinical features for MVI grade prediction.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Retrospective Studies ; Liver Neoplasms ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Algorithms