Objective: To investigate the comorbidity of myopia and scoliosis among primary and secondary school students in Tianjin, and to analyze the school environment risk factors contributing to these health issues, so as to provide a scientific basis for development effective prevention measures. Methods: A total of 41 654 primary and secondary school students from 16 districts of Tianjin were selected by stratified random cluster sampling from September to October 2023 to screen for myopia and scoliosis. Univariate analysis was performed to examine the data, followed by a bivariate multivariate Logistic regression model and cumulative effect analysis to explore the influencing factors of their comorbidity. Results: In 2023, the prevalence of comorbidity of screening positive myopia and scoliosis among primary and secondary school students in Tianjin was 2.65%. The prevalence was higher in suburban areas (3.26%) compared to urban areas (2.02%), higher among females (3.81%) compared to males (1.59%), and highest in high school students (6.17%) compared to middle school (4.19%) and primary school students (0.44%) (χ2=62.23, 198.69, 953.19, P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that the number of physical education classes ≥3 per week, the number of eye health exercises at school ≥2 per day, outdoor activities between classes, teachers reminding to pay attention to reading and writing posture and strict eye standing posture were negatively correlated with the comorbidity of screening positive myopia and scoliosis (OR=0.66, 0.77, 0.71, 0.78, 0.74, P<0.05). Reading or electronic screen while lying or lying on the stomach was positively associated with the comorbidity of screening positive myopia and scoliosis (OR=1.77, P<0.05). Cumulative effect analysis showed that the cumulative score (4-7, 7-9, ≥10) was negatively correlated with the comorbidity of screening positive of myopia and scoliosis (OR=0.65, 0.55, 0.52, P<0.05). Conclusions The school environment support and students personal behavior habits in school are related to the comorbidity of comorbidity of screening positive myopia and scoliosis. Prevention and control of myopia and scoliosis should improve the environmental factors related to students health in school.

Objective: To understand trends and related factors influencing overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Tianjin, so as to provide a basis for formulating overweight and obesity prevention and control strategies. Methods: In September of each year from 2019 to 2023, a survey was conducted among 197 707 primary and secondary school students in 16 districts of Tianjin through a stratified random cluster sampling method. Physical examination was carried out in accordance with the Technical Standard for Physical examination for Student, and overweight and obesity survey was carried out. Basic information, smoking, drinking, diet, physical exercise, and sleep status were collected through questionnaire surveys. Results: The detection rates of overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Tianjin from 2019 to 2023 were 39.07%, 43.33%, 41.54%, 43.92%, and 40.24%, respectively，showing an increasing trend(χ2trend=7.96,P<0.01). The detection rates of overweight increased in both vocational high schools and suburban counties (χ2trends=9.08, 47.18, P<0.01). The detection rates of obesity increased among both male and female students, in primary and vocational high schools and suburban counties (χ2trends=108.34, 15.99, 7.32, 10.95, 14.75, P<0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that smoking, drinking, unhealthful diet, and lack of proper physical exercise had a higher risk of obesity among primary and secondary school students (OR=1.26, 1.13, 1.08, 1.21, P<0.05). Stratified analysis showed that the risk of obesity was higher among boys with unhealthful and moderate lifestyle habits, as well as primary school students with unhealthful lifestyle habits (OR=1.15, 1.11, 1.27, P<0.05). Boys, girls and primary school students with unhealthful lifestyle habits, girls and ordinary high school students with moderate lifestyle habits had higher risk of being overweight (OR=1.14, 1.32, 1.21, 1.18, 1.40, P<0.05). Conclusions The detection rates of overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Tianjin shows an increasing trend. Comprehensive lifestyle should be implemented to better prevent and control the risk of overweight and obesity.

Objective: To investigate the tendency of obesity and depressive symptoms in middle school students in Tianjin, so as to provide a reference for exploring the clustering patterns of health risk behaviors and their effects on obesity and depressive symptoms. Methods: A stratified cluster sampling method was used to investigate the obesity, depressive symptoms and health risk behaviors of middle school students from 16 counties of Tianjin from 2019 to 2023. The latent classes analysis was used to classify health risk behaviors. The χ 2 test and Logistic regression were used to analyze the effects of different categories on obesity and depression symptoms. Results: The obesity detection rate of middle school students in Tianjin from 2019 to 2023 first increased ( 20.90% in 2019, 23.35% in 2020) and then decreased and gradually stabilized (2021-2023:22.20%-22.69%), and the detection rate of depressive symptoms showed a decreasing trend (from 21.65% to 14.92%). The detection rate of comorbidity of obesity and depressive symptoms first increased (4.62% in 2019, 4.66% in 2020) and then gradually decreased to 3.43% in 2023, and the rate was higher in boys than in girls and higher in urban areas than in suburban areas. Latent category analysis classified health risk behaviors into four categories: lack of exercise group, poor behaviors such as sleep group, poor diet group and healthy group. After adjusting for demographic characteristics,the results of Logistic regression analysis showed that the co-occurrence risk of obesity and depression symptoms among the top three groups of middle school students were 1.35( OR=1.35, 95%CI =1.15-1.58), 4.20( OR=4.20, 95%CI =3.50-5.04), and 1.84( OR=1.84, 95%CI =1.40-2.38)times, compared to the healthy group ( P <0.05). Conclusions From 2019 to 2023, the comorbidity rate of obesity and depression among middle school students in Tianjin increased first and then decreased gradually. Interventions should be made in the aspects of exercise, diet, sleep and other behaviors.

Objective:To investigate the application value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound combined with serum CXC chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8) and CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) levels detection in the efficacy evaluation of patients with primary liver cancer after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) .Methods:A total of 80 patients with primary liver cancer who were diagnosed and treated in Huanggang Central Hospital of Hubei Province from June 2019 to January 2022 were selected as the research objects. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated 2 months after TACE treatment. According to the pathological diagnosis, the patients were divided into complete inactivation group ( n=30) and residual lesion group ( n=50) . The levels of serum CXCL8 and CXCR2 were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) double antibody sandwich method, and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography was performed on the patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to analyze the value of serum CXCL8 and CXCR2 in evaluating the efficacy of TACE in patients with primary liver cancer. Kappa test was applied to test the consistency of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound combined with serum CXCL8 and CXCR2 in evaluating the efficacy of TACE in patients with primary liver cancer and the results of pathological diagnosis. Results:Compared with the complete inactivation group, the levels of serum CXCL8 [ (7.12±1.68) ng/ml vs. (5.07±1.25) ng/ml] and CXCR2 [ (3.62±0.79) ng/ml vs. (2.43±0.67) ng/ml] in the residual lesion group were obviously higher ( t=5.79, P<0.001; t=6.89, P<0.001) . The areas under the curve of CXCL8 and CXCR2 in evaluating the efficacy of TACE in patients with primary liver cancer were 0.827 and 0.801 respectively, the specificities were 73.3% and 76.7%, and the sensitivities were 70.0% and 72.0% respectively. The concordance between contrast-enhanced ultrasound and pathological diagnosis was moderate, and the Kappa value was 0.49 ( P<0.001) . The concordance between contrast-enhanced ultrasound combined with serum CXCL8 and CXCR2 and pathological diagnosis was high, and the Kappa value was 0.62 ( P<0.001) . The sensitivity of contrast-enhanced ultrasound combined with serum CXCL8 and CXCR2 in evaluating the efficacy of TACE in patients with primary liver cancer was 90.0%, which was higher than the sensitivity of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (72.0%, χ2=5.26, P=0.022) , CXCL8 (70.0%, χ2=6.25, P=0.012) and CXCR2 (72.0%, χ2=5.26, P=0.022) . Conclusion:Contrast-enhanced ultrasound can detect residual lesions after TACE in patients with primary liver cancer to a certain extent, and its combination with serum CXCL8 and CXCR2 can effectively improve the evaluation efficiency of the efficacy of TACE treatment in patients with primary liver cancer.

In recent years, the genome editing technologies based on the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) have developed rapidly. The system can use homologous directed recombination (HDR) to achieve precise editing that it medicated, but the efficiency is extremely low, which limits its application in agriculture and biomedical fields. As an emerging genome editing technology, the CRISPR/Cas-mediated DNA base editing technologies can achieve targeted mutations of bases without generating double-strand breaks, and has higher editing efficiency and specificity compared with CRISPR/Cas-mediated HDR editing. At present, cytidine base editors (CBEs) that can mutate C to T, adenine base editors (ABEs) that can mutate A to G, and prime editors (PEs) that enable arbitrary base conversion and precise insertion and deletion of small fragments, have been developed. In addition, glycosylase base editors (GBEs) capable of transitioning from C to G and double base editors capable of editing both A and C simultaneously, have been developed. This review summarizes the development, advances, advantages and limitations of several DNA base editors. The successful applications of DNA base editing technology in biomedicine and agriculture, together with the prospects for further optimization and selection of DNA base editors, are discussed.
Agriculture ; CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics* ; DNA/genetics* ; Gene Editing ; Technology

Objective To explore the effect of decreased air pollutants concentrations on the incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Methods A prospective cohort was designed in Tianjin where the air quality gradually improved from 2014 to 2018. A total of 5 077 community residents (18-90 years old) were recruited as the baseline population from 2013 to 2014. From 2014 to 2018 follow-up was carried out year by year to observe the new incidence of T2DM in the cohort. The HR and 95%CI (95% confidence interval) were calculated with the multiple Cox proportional hazard regression model to evaluate the effect of the decrease in the concentrations of SO₂, NO₂, and particulate matters with diameters <10μm and <2.5μm (PM₁₀, PM_2.5) on the incidence of T2DM. Results The cohort was followed up year by year from 2014 to 2018, with a cumulative follow-up of 25 385 person-years over the 5 years. At the same time, the air quality of Tianjin was significantly improved. Statistical analysis results after covariate adjustment revealed that the risk of T2DM in the population decreased by 0.172, 0.124, and 0.210 times, for a decrease of 10 μg/m³ in the annual average concentrations of SO₂, PM₁₀, and PM_2.5 each, respectively (SO2：HR=0.828，95%CI=0.757-0.907；PM₁₀：HR=0.876，95%CI=0.816-0.941；PM_2.5：HR=0.790，95%CI=0.694-0.899). Conclusion The implementation of environmental protection measures to improve air pollution could reduce the risk of T2DM in the population and control the increasing prevalence.

Objective:To identify the key factors affecting the time of proton and carbon ion radiotherapy by analyzing the timing characteristics of the accelerator system and to find out potential solutions to enhance treatment efficiency.Methods:The log files for 47 patients with different types of tumors treated with proton beams and carbon ion beams were analyzed. Lung cancer patients were treated with the gating technology. The timing characteristics of beam delivery were analyzed and potential solutions to enhance treatment efficiency were explored.Results:The mean spill time and mean cycle time per iso-energy slice (IES) for proton radiotherapy with beam gating technology were (2.98±1.98) s and (5.71±4.51) s, which were longer than the radiotherapy without using gating technology. The mean total cycle time for treatment without using gating technology was approximately 7 min for both proton and carbon ion beams. The mean total cycle time for lung cancer treatment using gating technology was approximately 15 min.Conclusion:Application of mini-ridge filter or ripple filter to reduce per IES numbers and use of passive breath hold technology to eliminate interruptions during beam delivery in each IES for gating radiotherapy are two feasible approaches to improve treatment efficiency for this specific machine.

OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for improving emergency capacity of the hospital pharmacy department in response to the novel coronavirus pneumonia （COVID-19） epidemic. METHODS ：According to the related regulations and requirements of Law of the People ’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases ，combined with the situation of COVID- 19 epidemic prevention and control ，and management experience of relevant hospitals ，on the basis of in-depth analysis of drug supply and quality assurance ，drug dispensing management ，provision of clinical pharmaceutical services and other related material support of hospital pharmacy department，integrated emergency management model was constructed for COVID- 19 epidemic prevention and control ，and the precautions and response measures of each link were sorted out. RESULTS ：Integruted emergency management mode for COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control in hospital pharmacy department included but was not limited to human resource management，drug and disinfection products supply management （mainly including key treatment drugs and disinfection product list formulation，control，inventory increase ，etc.）；drug dispensing management （mainly including prescription ，pharmacy window ， planning quantitative reserve ， drug return ， etc.）；clinical pharmaceutical care management （mainly including providing pharmaceutical information support ，online pharmaceutical service ，monitoring drug safety ，etc.）；personnel protection and disinfection （mainly including personnel protection ，environment and window ，equipment and container ，paper prescription disinfection，etc.）；special management of donated drugs ；prevention and control knowledge training ；pharmaceutical education and scientific research management ，etc. CONCLUSIONS ：The integrated emergency management model for epidemic prevention and control is helpful for hospital pharmacy to manage public health emergencies. During the outbreak of COVID- 19，hospital pharmacy department should start integrated emergency management mode for epidemic prevention and control ，strengthen the risk control of each link ，and play a good role in the key functional departments in the special period.

Objective: To investigate the effects of modified acidic fibroblast growth factor (MaFGF) mediated by nanoliposomes combined with ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) on left ventricular systolic function in early diabetes mellitus(DM) rats. Methods: The nanoliposomes containing MaFGF(MaFGF-nlip) were prepared by reverse phase evaporation method. Among 60 male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, 50 rats were randomly selected and were induced to be DM models by streptozotocin(STZ) through intraperitoneal injecting, the other 10 rats as control group. Then DM rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: DM model group, MaFGF solution group, MaFGF-nlip group and MaFGF-nlip+ UTMD group. After the successful induction of DM model, the intervention was performed twice a week.After 12 weeks of intervention, all rats underwent conventional echocardiography and velocity vector imaging (VVI). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular fraction shortening(LVFS) were measured by conventional echocardiography. The mean peak systolic radial velocity (Vs), radial strain (Sr) and radial strain rate (SRr) of six walls at the papillary muscle level were measured in left ventricular short-axis view by VVI. At last, myocardial tissue of all rats were stained with Sirius red to evaluate myocardial interstitial fibrosis. The level of myocardial apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL staining, and the changes of myocardial ultrastructure were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Results: The prepared MaFGF-nlip were more rounded, evenly dispersed, and of good stability and high encapsulation efficiency. Twelve weeks later after intervention, LVEF, LVFS, Vs, Sr and SRr in the DM model group were significantly lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05). LVEF, LVFS, Vs, Sr and SRr in the MaFGF-nlip+ UTMD group were significantly higher than those of the DM model group and other intervention groups (all P<0.05). The results of Sirius red staining and Tunel staining showed that CVF and AI in the DM model group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). For MaFGF-nlip+ UTMD group, CVF and AI were significantly decreased compared with the DM model group and other intervention groups(all P<0.05). According to the results of transmission electron microscopy, compared with the DM model group, the improvement of myocardial ultrastructure was the most obvious in the MaFGF-nlip+ UTMD group. Conclusions MaFGF delivered by using nanoliposomes combined with UTMD can improve the left ventricular systolic function in diabetic rats by inhibiting the myocardium cardiac fibrosis and reducing the cardiomyocyte apoptosis.

Objective To investigate value of peripheral NLR and PLR for the survival of patients with neuroblastoma.Methods The clinical data of 41 neuroblastoma patients were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier,Log-rank test,and multivariate COX regression.Results NLR,PLR levels of neuroblastoma patients were significantly higher than that in the healthy control group (1.81 ±0.29 vs.1.07 ±0.29,P ＜ 0.01) (169 ± 23 vs.76 ± 3,P ＜ 0.01);The elder the age,the higher the clinical stages,the higher the serum levels of NSE,and urine VMA were,the higher was the NLR (x2 =3.93,6.286,7.676,6.689,all P＜0.05) and PLR (x2 =4.111,5.707,8.019,8.922,all P ＜0.05).The higher the serum level of LDH,the higher was the NLR (x2 =7.769,P =0.02).3-year overall survival in low NLR group was 84％ and that in high NLR group was 73％ (x2 =4.002,P =0.045);3-year progression-free survival in low NLR group was 74％ and that in high NLR group was 50％ (x2 =4.082,P =0.043);3-year progression-free survival of low PLR group was 85％ and high PLR group was 38％ (x2 =9.388,P =0.002).The clinical stages,MYCN genetic expression,NLR levels were independent factors for the overall survial in patients with neuroblastoma (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Pretreatment NLR level can effectively predict the prognosis of neuroblastoma.