Acute carbon monoxide poisoning(ACOP)is a frequent asphyxiating gas poisoning e-vent in winter in China,most of which develop into delayed encephalopathy of acute carbon monoxide poisoning(DEACMP)after 2 to 60 days of false recovery,which seriously endangers individuals,families and society.At present,the pathogenesis of DEACMP is not clear and cannot be completely prevented.This paper reviewed the risk factors associated with DEACMP in order to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Acute carbon monoxide poisoning(ACOP)is a frequent asphyxiating gas poisoning e-vent in winter in China,most of which develop into delayed encephalopathy of acute carbon monoxide poisoning(DEACMP)after 2 to 60 days of false recovery,which seriously endangers individuals,families and society.At present,the pathogenesis of DEACMP is not clear and cannot be completely prevented.This paper reviewed the risk factors associated with DEACMP in order to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Objective:To comprehensively evaluate the correlation between migraine and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke using Meta-analysis.Methods:The published observational studies on migraine and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke in PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane library, Chinese Biomedical Database, China Journal Full-text Database, Wanfang Database and VIP Database were retrieved by computers. The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the databases to December 31, 2019. Two reviewers independently conducted the literature screening and data extraction, and evaluated the quality according to Newcastle Ottawa scale. Stata SE 12.1 software was used for Meta-analysis.Results:Six case-control studies and 7 cohort studies met the inclusion criteria, all of which were in English. The results of Meta-analysis showed that exposure to migraine increased the risk of hemorrhagic stroke (odds ratio [ OR] 1.47, 95% confidence interval [ CI] 1.23-1.76; P<0.001). Sensitivity analysis showed that the results were robust. Subgroup analysis showed that migraine with aura ( OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.05-1.81; P=0.019), migraine without aura ( OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.19-1.80; P<0.001), male ( OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.72-2.56; P<0.001) and female ( OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.22-1.92; P<0.001) migraine could increase the risk of hemorrhagic stroke. Conclusion:Regardless of the gender of patients and presence or absence of migraine aura, migraine can significantly increase the risk of hemorrhagic stroke.

Objective:To explore the effect of combining hyperbaric oxygen inhalation with wet healing in the treatment of chronic refractory ulcers of the skin.Methods:Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly formed into a general treatment group (group A), a wet healing group (group B), and a hyperbaric oxygen + wet healing group (group C), each of 20. Chronic and refractory skin ulcers were induced on all of the rats after one week of routine feeding and 6 hours of fasting. Six courses (once daily for 10 days/course)of the three treatments were then administered. After 2, 4 and 6 courses of treatment the wound healing rate and recovery were analyzed using histopathological methods.Results:After 2, 4 and 6 courses of treatment, the average wound healing rates of groups B and C were significantly higher than group A′s average, and that of group C was significantly better than that of group B. After 6 courses of treatment, group C′s average histopathology score was significantly higher than that of group B, and those of groups B and C were both significantly higher than group A′s average.Conclusion:Single wet healing is better than common treatment for chronic skin ulcers, but hyperbaric oxygen inhalation can further improve its effectiveness.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen on the hemodynamics and intracranial pressure of patients with severe craniocerebral injury (STBI). Methods: Reports of randomized and controlled trials applying hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of STBI were retrieved from the Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CBM, CNKI, VIP and Wan Fang databases. Each report found was evaluated by two researchers independently applying pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data were extracted and combined and a meta-analysis was performed. Results: Eight trials involving 725 patients were included in the meta-analysis. They combined to demonstrate that intracranial pressure, oxygen uptake and scores on the Glasgow coma scale improved significantly more in the hyperbaric oxygen group than in the control group after between 3 and 10 days of treatment. Conclusion Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is effective in treating severe craniocerebral injury and it is worthy of clinical application.

Objective To observe the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy on neurological functioning in rats modelling cerebral hemorrhage (ICH).Methods Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats had intracerebral hemorrhage induced by injecting autologous blood.They were then randomly divided into an HBO-free group and an HBO group,each of 30 according to a random number table.The HBO group was further divided into HBO 3 h,HBO 6 h,HBO 1 d,HBO 2 d and HBO 7 d groups which received HBO therapy for 3 hours,6 hours,1 day,2 days and 7 days respectively.Each had 6 members.The HBO-free rats were also divided into analogous HBO-free 3 h,HBO-free 6 h,HBO-free 1 d,HBO-free 2 d and HBO-free 7 d groups,and give no HBO intervention.All of the rats were evaluated for neurological impairment using the Longa scoring method before the treatment and 10 days,20 days and 30 days afterward.Results After 10,20 and 30 days of HBO treatment,there were significant differences in neurological functioning between each pair of HBO-free and HBO-treated groups.After 10 and 20 days of HBO treatment the average neurological function score of the HBO 3 h group was significantly different from that of the HBO 2 d group.The average score in the HBO 7 d group was also significantly different from that of the HBO 3 h,HBO 6 h,HBO 1 d and HBO 2 d groups after 10,20 and 30 days of HBO treatment.The average scores of the HBO 3 h,HBO 6 h,HBO 1 d and HBO 2 d groups improved significantly between 10 and 20 days after the treatment.The average score of the rats which received 30 days of treatment was also significantly different from those after 10 and 20 days.Conclusion HBO treatment can improve neurological function after cerebral hemorrhage,at least in rats.The best time to start HBO treatment is no later than 24 hours after the hemorrhage.The curative effect increases with extension of the treatment's duration.

Objective To assess the safety among acute ischemic stroke patients with asymptomatic intracranial aneurysm after the administration of intravenous thrombolysis.Methods We searched database including Wanfang,CNKI,VIP,Pubmed,EMBASE,EBSCO HOST and Metstr data for all the cohort studies on the use of thrombolysis for acute ischemic patients with asymptomatic intracranial aneurysm,and ascended the correlated references listed on the articles.Meta-analysis was conducted based on the methods recommended by the Cochrane collaboration.The outcomes of the meta-analysis were intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH),symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH),subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).Results Four cohort studies included 707 patients,of whom 48 patients had asymptomatic cerebral aneurysms.The risk ratio prevalence of ICH among those patients did not differ statistically with those without aneurysms (RR =1.17,95％ CI 0.69-1.99,P =0.56).No statistical differences were found in both odds ratio prevalence of sICH (OR =1.70,95％ CI 0.44-6.59,P =0.45) and SAH (OR =1.13,95％ CI 0.20-6.27,P =0.89) between the patients with asymptomatic cerebral aneurysms and those without.Conclusion Current evidence did not indicate that the risk of hemorrhage increased in acute ischemic stroke patients with asymptomatic intracranial aneurysm after the administration of intravenous thrombolysis.

This article reviews the recent advances in many aspects including classification,risk factors,treatment and prognosis of hemorrhagic transformation after cerebral infarction,which will provide references for the treatment and research of cerebral infarction.

OBJECTIVETo observe the impact of Rhizoma Coptidis (drug-chemical extract parts-components) on 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes differentiation and adipocytes insulin resistance, and reveal the pharmacodyamic material basis of Rhizoma Coptidis on insulin resistance.

METHOD3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were well cultured, and then induced to differentiate into fat cells by using dexamethasone, 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine and insulin together, and establish the insulin resistance model. Based on the experience of traditional medicine use, the adipocytes differentiation and the glucose consumption in the cell culture medium were observed independently.

RESULTAqueous extract, different chemical extract fraction and different alkaloid extract from the herb showed inhibitory effects on 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes differentiation, especially the compound coptisine significantly inhibited the differentiation in the concentration of 16.5 micromol x L(-1), but non-alkaloid extract from the herb promoted cell differentiation significantly in the concentration of 6.0 micromol x L(-1). Each treatment group, especially jatrorrhizine hydrochloride (in the concentration of 10.5 micromol x L(-1)) significantly decreased the concentration of glucose in 3T3-L1 adipocytes culture, at the same time improved insulin resistance. These effects are similar to the role of rosiglitazone maleate.

CONCLUSIONRhizoma Coptidis significantly improved insulin resistance, prevented pre-adipocytes differentiation. Its efficacy may be the synergistic effect of various components. Meanwhile, its role in inhibiting differentiation of pre-adipocytes indicates that coptis to increasing glucose uptake dose not cause fat accumulation and weight increasing. This has some clinical significance in the insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.

3T3-L1 Cells ; Adipocytes ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Mice ; Rhizome ; chemistry