Platelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR) is a common issue among patients with hematological diseases and tumors. This article reviews the diagnostic criteria, influencing factors, and recent prevention and management strategies for immune PTR. The diagnostic criteria typically involve post-transfusion platelet increment (PI), platelet recovery rate (PPR), and corrected count increment (CCI). Both immune and non-immune factors can lead to PTR, with immune factors mainly including HLA and HPA antibodies. Prevention and management strategies include the use of leukocyte-reduced platelets, HLA and HPA antigen-matched platelets, intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, and immunosuppressive strategies. Although various strategies have been proposed and applied in clinical practice, the prevention and management of immune PTR remain challenging. Future research needs to explore more effective individualized treatment strategies, while also considering the potential application of emerging technologies such as nanotechnology in the field of transfusion.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the serological characteristics and molecular mechanism for an individual with p phenotype. METHODS: An individual with p phenotype upon blood group identification at Jiaxing Blood Center in May 2021 was analyzed. ABO, RhD and P1PK blood groups and irregular antibodies in her serum were identified using conventional serological methods. The encoding region of α1, 4-galactosyltransferase gene (A4GALT) encoding P1 and Pk antigens was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT). RESULTS: The individual was A group, RhD positive and had a p phenotype of the P1PK blood group system. Anti-PP1Pk was discovered in her serum. Sequencing analysis revealed that she has harbored a homozygous c.343A>T variant of the A4GALT gene. CONCLUSION The homozygous c.343A>T variant of the A4GALT gene probably underlay the p phenotype in this individual.
Female ; Animals ; Blood Group Antigens ; Homozygote ; Phenotype ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Objective:This study analyzes the expression level of miR-1180-3p and constructs the regulatory network of relevant ceRNA by integrating the DNA methylation and gene expression profile of hepatocellular carcinoma from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).Methods:Firstly, the expression level of miR-1180-3p in hepatocellular carcinoma and adjacent tissues was analyzed by TCGA database, and the differential expression of lncrna and mRNA was screened. Secondly, the LncBase database and the TargetScan database were used to predict the relationship between miR-1180-3p and lncRNA and mRNA, and the DNA methylation-mediated lncRNA was screened by the DNA methylation profile of lncRNA. Finally, Cytoscape software was used to construct miR-1180-3p relevant ceRNA network, and WebGestalt website was used to perform GO and KEGG analysis of related mRNA in ceRNA.Results:Compared with patients with low expression of miR-1180-3p (mean overall survival duration, 5.69 ± 0.35 years), patients with high expression of miR-1180-3p had shorter overall survival time (mean overall survival duration, 3.99 ± 0.47 years), indicating that the high expression of miR-1180-3p was hepatocellular carcinoma risk factor affecting the prognosis ( HR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.1 ~ 1.5, P < 0.01). A miR-1180-3p related ceRNA regulatory network was constructed in this study, which contained 2 lncRNAs (F11-AS1 and LINC01511) and 37 mRNAs. Conclusion:This study has successfully constructed miR-1180-3p relevant ceRNA regulatory network, and DNA methylation-mediated F11-AS1 and F11-AS1/miR-1180-3p/C11of54 ceRNA regulatory axis has played an important role in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective:To screen and analyze the differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) in primary hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and adjacent tissues using bioinformatics methods to explore the molecular mechanism of the occurrence and prognosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods:GSE76427 data set was collected through GEO database, and DEGs were identified using GEO2R online analysis. Go and KEGG databases were used for enrichment and functional annotation of DEGs. Protein interaction network was built based on the STRING database and Cytoscape software to analyze the key genes of hepatocellular carcinoma, and the survival curve of these key genes were analyzed using the GEPIA database.Results:A total of 74 hepatocellular carcinoma DEGs were screened, of which 3 and 71 were up-and-down-regulated genes. The results of GO enrichment analysis showed that the down-regulated DEGs were mainly involved in cell response to cadmium and zinc ions, negative growth regulation, heterologous metabolic processes and hormone-mediated signaling pathways. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis results showed that the down-regulated DEGs pathway were mainly involved in retinol metabolism, chemical carcinogenesis, drug metabolism-cytochrome P450, cytochrome P450 metabolizing xenobiotics, tryptophan metabolism and caffeine metabolism. Protein interaction network had screened out 10 down-regulated core genes: MT1G, MT1F, MT1X, MT1E, MT1H, insulin-like growth factor 1, FOS, CXCL12, EGR1, and BGN. Among them, the insulin-like growth factor 1 was related to the prognosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma.Conclusion:Bioinformatics analysis results of HCC chip data showed that 10 key genes may play a key role in the occurrence and development of HCC and the insulin like growth factor 1 is associated with the prognosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective To investigate gene polymorphism of Kell blood group in different Zhuang population from Guangxi region .Methods The genotypes of Kell blood group of 1025 non‐related individuals in different areas of Guangxi Zhuang popula‐tion were analyzed by PCR‐SSP .Results The Kell antigen in all individuals was homozygous ,the gene frequency of K and Jsa was 0 ,while that of k and Jsb was 1 .000 .Conclusion The distribution characteristic of Kell blood group in Guangxi Zhuang population was monomorphism ,which was similar to other Chinese population reported by literatures .

Objective To investigate the distribution situation of ABO and Rh blood groups among Zhuang population in Nanning area to guide the scientific voluntary blood donor recruitment and rational storage of blood in this area.Methods 2 052 blood samples from Zhuang population in Nanning area were performed the identification of ABO and Rh blood groups.Whether the gene distributions conforming to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium principle was assessed by using the Chi-square test.The data was compared with the distribution characteristics in other areas or other minorities.Results The distribution characteristics of ABO blood groups in Nanning area were O > B> A > AB.Blood group O was highest (46.78%)and blood group AB was lowest (4.34%).The gene frequencies of A,B and O were 0.131 9,0.181 5 and 0.686 6,respectively.The blood groups distribution con-formed to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium principle;the RhD positive proportion(RhD+ )in Zhuang population was 99.90%,while the RhD negative (RhD- )proportion was 0.10%,which was lower than that in Han population.No phenotypes of ccdE,CcdE, CCdee,CCdE,CCDEE and ccDee were observed in this study.Conclusion The distribution of the ABO and Rh blood groups among Zhuang population in Nanning still maintains their own exclusive characteristics.The extremely low proportion of RhD- will bring about serious difficulties to the patients with long term blood transfusion.

ObjectiveTo assess right ventricular diastolic function in patients with essential hypertension using tricuspid valve flow spectrum and tricuspid annulars motion dectected by echocardiography. MethodsAccording to Ganau′s categories, 124 patients with essential hypertension were enrolled,which were divided into four groups:normal left ventricular configurational group (group Ⅰ, n =32 ), centripetal reconstruction group (group Ⅱ, n =30), centripetal hypertrophy group ( group Ⅲ, n =32), eccentric hypertrophy group ( group Ⅳ, n =30 ). Control group consisted of 35 normal subjects pulsed wave Doppler(PW) data and tissue Doppler imaging(TDI) data were acquired from tricuspid and its' annulus respectively on apical four chamber view. ResultsEPA ＞ 1 was observed in control group as well as group Ⅰ and Ⅱ ,while E/A ＜ 1 in group Ⅲ and group Ⅳ ,there were significant differences between them. Em/Am ＜ 1 was observed in all of patients with hypertension,there were significant differences among them( P ＜ 0.05 ) .ConclusionTissue Doppler imaging was more sensitive than pulse Doppler in evaluating decreased right ventricular diastolic function in patients with essential hypertension, and the decrement of the function was different in degree based on variant left ventricular configurations.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize advances in clinical application of ureter stent and its biocompatibility. METHODS: A computer-based online search of CNKI (1989/2009) and Medline (1989/2009) was performed with the key words of "ureter, biocompatibility, stent, treatment, complications" in Chinese and English respectively. A total of 51 articles were collected. and 21 were included. The treatment advances and its biocompatibility of ureter stent were summarized, and clinical application advances, biocompatibility and complication prevention of ureter stent were explored. RESULTS: Ureter stent includes polymerizer, metal and degradable material stents. As the common implants in treatment of upper urinary tract diseases, ureter stent functions as stent and internal drainage, and relieve ureteral obstruction, prevent leakage of urine postoperatively and ureterostenosis. Complications following ureter stent implantation include stent shifting, urine reflux, irdtative symptoms of bladder, fouling and stone formation as well as infection. However, these complications can be relieved through positive treatment. CONCLUSION: Ureter stent is an effective approach to treat urologic disease, but the biocompatibility required improvement. Rigorous operation during stent implantation and positive treatment of complication can effectively prevent complications.

In hippocampus, numerous studies have shown that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are essential for the initiation of long-term potentiation (LTP), whereas the expression of LTP is primarily mediated by the phosphorylation of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors and the increased insertion of postsynaptic AMPA receptors. However, in recent years there is also evidence that NMDA receptor channels contribute to the expression of LTP under physiological conditions. It was examined whether NMDA receptor channels contributed to the expression of LTP of C-fiber evoked field potentials in rat spinal dorsal horn by intravenous or spinal application of NMDA receptor antagonists after the establishment of LTP. It was found that MK 801 (a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist) at dose of 0.1 mg/kg (iv) had no effect on the spinal LTP and at the dose of 0.5 mg/kg depressed the LTP significantly. However, the inhibitory effect of MK 801 at higher dose (1.0 mg/kg)was not different from that produced by the dose of 0.5 mg/kg. The similar inhibitory effect on spinal LTP was also observed, when MK 801 was applied locally at the recording segments of spinal cord. To confirm the above results, a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist AP V was tested. Spinal application of AP V at a concentration of 100 μmol/L produced a stronger depression than at 50 μmol/L. When the concentration of AP V increased to 200 μmol/L, no further depression was observed. These results indicate that NMDA receptor channels are involved in the expression of LTP of C-fiber evoked field potentials in the rat spinal dorsal horn.

Aim To investigate the inhibitory effect of peptide from Agkistrodon Acutus snake venom(fraction K)on the growth of human ovarian carcimona A2780 cell line and its mechanism.Methods The A2780 cells were treated with fraction K at different concentrations.The proliferation of A2780 cells was assayed with MTT colorimetric method.The histologi-cal and ultras-tructural changes of cell were scored using light and electron microseopy.The apoptosis of A2780 cells induced by fraction K was studied by fluorescent staining.Crystal violet staining and MTT assay were employed to determine the effect of fraction K on A2780 cells that they had been adhered to fibronectin.Result Proliferation of A2780 cells was inhibited significantly by fraction K in a dose-and time-dependant manner.Under electron-microseop and fluorescence microscope,some A2780 cells underwent a typical apoptosis and morphology changes after 24 hours incubation with fraction K.Fraction K could inhibit the adhesion of A2780 cells to fibronectin in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion fraction K can inhibit proliferation of A2780 cells,which may be related to the mechanism of inducing cellular apoptosis and cellular adhesion.