OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of bs-5-YHEDA iron chelating peptide combined with semaglutide on the cognitive ability and pathological characteristics of D-Gal-induced Alzheimer's disease(AD) model mice. METHODS Forty mice were randomly divided into 5 groups, namely the healthy control group, PBS group, bs-5-YHEDA iron chelating peptide group, combined treatment group and positive control group, with 8 mice in each group, half of each sex. Except for the healthy control group, D-galactose was injected to induce the AD mice model for 6 weeks. For 3 consecutive weeks starting from the 4th week, the bs-5-YHEDA iron chelating peptide group was injected with bs-5-YHEDA(1 mg·mL–1) once every other day at 200 µL in the tail vein; the bs-5-YHEDA iron chelating peptide(1 mg·mL–1) and semaglutide(25 nmol·kg–1·d–1) were given alternately once a day in the combination treatment group; the positive control group was given memantine(3.3 mg·kg–1·d–1) by gavage every other day. The healthy control group and PBS group were injected with the equal dose of PBS. At the end of treatment, the learning memory ability of mice was detected by the Morris water maze method, whole brain and whole blood were dissected, and pathological changes in hippocampal region were observed by HE staining, and Aβ expression and Tau protein phosphorylation levels were detected by immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting. RESULTS In the Morris water maze spatial exploration experiment, the differences in the number of times the mice traversed the platform, the ratio of swimming distance to the target quadrant, and the time ratio were statistically significant in each group(P<0.05); compared with the PBS group, the ratio of swimming distance to the target quadrant increased in the combined treatment group, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). The results of HE staining showed that compared with the healthy control mice, the hippocampal area in the PBS group showed reduced levels of pyramidal cells, disorganized arrangement, cell edema, and deep staining of nuclei consolidation. Cellular disorganization, deep staining of nuclei and apoptosis in the hippocampus were significantly improved in each treatment group after drug treatment. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting results showed that the Aβ expression levels and Tau protein phosphorylation levels were significantly higher in the PBS-administered mice compared with the healthy control mice, and the Aβ expression levels and Tau protein phosphorylation levels were reduced in each group after drug treatment, with statistically significant differences(P<0.01 or P<0.001 ). CONCLUSION The combination of bs-5-YHEDA iron chelating peptide and semaglutide can effectively improve the learning and memory ability and pathological characteristics of AD mice, but from the results of immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting experiments, the improvement of pathological characteristics of AD mice in the combination treatment group is not obvious compared with the single bs-5-YHEDA iron chelating peptide group, suggesting that there may be a threshold effect of our designed dual-target combination treatment on the cognitive improvement of AD mice, and the optimization and validation of the effect of multi-target combination treatment need further study.

Mechanical ventilation(MV)provides life support for critically ill respiratory patients,but in the meantime can cause fatal ventilator-induced lung injury(VILI),and the latter remains a major challenge in respiratory and critical care medicine,because the pathological mechanism has not been fully elucidated.Recent studies show that on the one hand,in the lung with VILI,there exists airway collapse at multi-sites of an individual airway,which can not be explained by traditional airway collapse models.But on the other hand,under MV conditions,airway smooth muscle cells(ASMC)exhibit abnormal mechanical behaviors,accompanied by regulation of Piezo1 expression and endoplasmic reticulum stress.These phenomenons indicate that the MV-induced abnormal mechanical behavior of ASMC is closely related to multiple airway collapse and VILI.Therefore,by studying the MV-induced changes of ASMC mechanical behaviors and their relationship with airway collapse in lung injury,as well as the related mechanochemical signal coupling process,it is expected to reveal a novel mechanism of MV-associated airway collapse and lung injury from the perspective of cell mechanics.In this review,the recent research progress of airway collapse during MV,the regulation of ASMC mechanical behavior by MV-related high stretch,especially the related mechanochemical signal coupling mechanism is summarized.These advances may provide a novel insight for exploring the roles of ASMC abnormal mechanical behavior in the pathological mechanism of VILI,alternative targets of drug intervention for prevention and treatment of VILI,as well as for optimizing the ventilation mode in clinical practice.

Objective:To explore the effects and possible mechanisms of Tyrobp gene on neuroinflammation in Tourette's syndrome mice.Methods:Twenty C57BL/ 6J and Tyrobp knock-out male mice aged 6 weeks were randomly divided into 4 groups according to random number table method: WT+ NS group, Tyrobp -/-+ NS group, WT+ IDPN group and Tyrobp -/-+ IDPN group. Mice in WT+ IDPN group and Tyrobp -/-+ IDPN group were injected with IDPN intraperitoneally at a dose of 150 mg/kg·d, while mice in WT+ NS group and Tyrobp -/-+ NS group were injected with equal volume of normal saline, once a day for 7 days. Then stereotypical behavior of mice were evaluated. Western blot was used to detect the levels of Tyrobp, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, TLR4, Myd88, p-NF-κB p65 and p-IκBα in the striatum of mice. Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the activation of microglia. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 8.0 software, and t-test was used for comparison between two groups. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the means of multiple samples, and LSD test was used for further pairwise comparison. Results:The results of behavior assessment showed that there were significant differences in the motor stereotypic behavior and categorical stereotypic behavior score( F=270.9, 379.7, P<0.01), and the scores in WT+ IDPN group were higher than those in Tyrobp -/-+ IDPN group (motor stereotypic behavior: (3.23±0.26), (2.13±0.21), t=9.02, P<0.05; categorical stereotypic behavior: (45.80±4.29), (26.60±3.48), t=12.00, P<0.05). Western blot results showed that there were significant differences in the protein expression level of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, TLR4, Myd88, p-NF-κB p65 and p-IκBα ( F=29.07, 23.09, 39.36, 57.6, 52.55, 15.50, 40.48, all P<0.05), the level of those in WT + IDPN group was higher than those in WT+ NS group( t=8.31, 7.37, 8.13, 11.43, 10.47, 6.05, 9.96, all P<0.05), Tyrobp -/-+ IDPN group was higher than Tyrobp -/-+ NS group ( t=3.60, 3.00, 5.84, 4.81, 3.59, 2.26, 4.68, all P<0.05), and WT + IDPN group was higher than Tyrobp -/-+ IDPN group ( t=3.97, 3.93, 4.14, 6.40, 7.63, 3.45, 3.03, all P<0.05). Immunofluorescence showed that microglial cells in the striatum region of mice in WT+ IDPN group and Tyrobp -/-+ IDPN group were enlarged and microglial cells were activated, and the activation pattern of microglial cells in WT+ IDPN group was more obvious than that in Tyrobp -/-+ IDPN group. Conclusion:Tyrobp may be involved in the pathogenesis of Tourette's syndrome by promoting neuroinflammation mediated by TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective:To investigate the difference of curative effect between zero-profile bridge-shaped locking cage (ROI-C) and anterior cage combined with titanium plate fixation in the treatment of two-level and three-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy.Methods:A total of 85 patients (43 males and 42 females), aged 52.3±8.0 years (range from 28 to 66 years) with bi- and three-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy who received surgical treatment from June 2017 to October 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 63 cases of two levels and 22 cases of three levels. 45 cases were treated with zero-profile bridge-shaped locking cage ROI-C (ROI-C group), and 40 cases with anterior cage combined with titanium plate fixation (titanium plate group). The main observation indicators include operation time, intraoperative blood loss, cervical Cobb angle, fusion segment Cobb angle, average intervertebral height, pain visual analogue scale (VAS), Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) Score and neck disability index (NDI).Results:All of 85 patients were followed up for 16.9±2.0 months (range 12 to 22 months). The operation time of two-level ROI-C group was 110.37±8.25 min, which was shorter than 139.5±10.54 min of titanium plate group; the intraoperative blood loss was 15.74±8.10 ml, which was less than 23.71±9.70 ml of titanium plate group; the operation time of three-level ROI-C group was 130.00±5.70 min, which was shorter than 162.83±5.59 min of titanium plate group, while the difference in the intraoperative blood loss between the two groups had no statistical significance. One year after operation, Cobb angle of cervical vertebra in double and three-level ROI-C groups were 15.31°±1.55° and 15.20°±0.42°, respectively, which were largerthan 11.23°±2.03° and 9.20°±1.14° before operation; in titanium plate group, they were 15.89°±1.13° and 16.08°±1.88°, which were higher than 11.25°±2.01° and 9.00°±1.60° before operation, and the differences had statistical significance. The differences between the two groups before operation and 1 year after operation had no statistical significance. One year after operation, the VAS scores of double and three-level ROI-C groups were 1.83±0.66 points and 2.60±0.52 points, respectively, which were less than the preoperative 7.49±0.51 points and 7.60±0.52 points; the titanium plate group was 1.79±0.50 points and 2.41±0.51 points, which were less than the preoperative 7.61±0.63 points and 7.42±0.52 points, and the differences had statistical significance. There was no significant difference between the two groups before operation and 1 year after operation. One year after operation, the JOA scores of double and three-level ROI-C groups were 15.00±0.84 points and 14.70±0.95 points, respectively, which were higher than the preoperative 7.20±0.87 points and 6.60±1.27 points; the scores of titanium plate group were 15.29±0.85 points and 14.83±0.58 points, which were higher than the preoperative 6.89±1.03 points and 6.92±0.67 points, and the differences had statistical significance. The differences between the two groups had no statistical significance. The postoperative JOA improvement rate was excellent. Postoperative dysphagia occurred in 1 case (2.22%, 1/45) in ROI-C group and 8 cases (20.00%, 8/40) in titanium plate group, and the difference in the incidence rate between two groups had statistical significance ( χ2=5.32, P=0.02). Conclusion:Both ROI-C and anterior cage combined with titanium plate fixation in the treatment of double and three-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy can achieve good short-term clinical efficacy, with shorter operation time and lower incidence rate of postoperative dysphagia using ROI-C.

Objective:To investigate the regulation of orexinergic pathway from the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) on gastric function and reward feeding.Methods:(1)Forty-eight rats were randomly selected and divided into six groups: normal saline (NS) group, 1 μg orexin-A group, 5 μg orexin-A group, 10 μg orexin-A group, 20 μg orexin receptor antagonist (SB334867) group, 20 μg SB334867 + 5 μg orexin-A group with eight in each group according to the random number table. The gastric motility of rats was observed by injecting orexin-A and SB334867 into NAc. (2)Thirty-two rats were randomly selected and divided into four groups according to the random number table, with eight in each group. They were divided into NS + sham stimulation (SS) group, NS + electrical stimulation (ES) group, SB334867(20 μg) + SS group, and SB334867(20 μg) + ES group. The gastric motility of rats were observed by electro-stimulation of rat LHA and rat NAc injection of SB334867. (3)In order to observe the feeding-behavior related conditioned place preference (CPP) and gastric function (such as gastric emptying and gastric secretion), thirty-two rats were randomly divided into four groups with eight in each group by using the method of NAc injection of orexin-A and SB334867 according to the random number table: NS group, orexin-A(5 μg), SB334867(20 μg), SB334867(20 μg) + orexin-A(5 μg). (4)Thirty-two rats were randomly selected in accordance with the random number table and divided into four groups with eight in each group: NS + SS group, NS + ES group, SB334867(20 μg) + SS group, SB334867(20 μg) + ES group, using electro-stimulation of rat LHA and rat NAc injection of SB334867, observing the feeding-behavior related CPP and gastric function (such as gastric emptying and gastric secretion).Results:(1)In the gastric motility experiment, both the NAc microinjection of orexin-A and electrical stimulation of the LHA significantly increased the amplitudes and frequencies of gastric contraction in rats, and these effects could be blocked by the pre-administration of SB334867 (10 min after administration of orexin-A: 10 μg orexin-A group (60.78±5.67)% vs NS group (7.35±1.08)%; t=26.18, P<0.05). (2)The results of gastric emptying showed that the rates of gastric emptying were significantly increased by the NAc microinjection of orexin-A and electrical stimulation of LHA, which were blocked by the SB334867 pretreatment (after electrical stimulation of LHA: NS + SS group (71.18±17.78)% vs NS+ ES group (132.23±31.18)%; t=4.81, P<0.05). (3)Orexin-A microinjection in the NAc and electrical stimulation of the LHA significantly increased gastric acid secretion, and these effects could be blocked by pre-injection of SB334867 in NAc (90 minutes after administration of orexin-A: orexin-A group(100.18±23.23) vs NS group (39.23±7.69); t=7.05, P< 0.05) in the gastric secretion experiment.(4)The results of CPP showed that the rats were kept in the chocolate compartment for a longer time after the NAc microinjection of orexin-A and electrical stimulation of the LHA, which could be blocked by the SB334867 pretreatment in NAc (after LHA was electrically stimulated: NS+ SS group (36.23±6.23)% vs NS+ ES group (53.36±6.66)%; t=5.31, P<0.05). Conclusion:There is an orexinergic pathway from LHA to NAc that may regulate gastric function and food reward.

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of percutaneous curved vertebroplasty in the treatment of thoracolum-bar osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs). Methods: All of 85 patients with single thoracolumbar vertebral OVCFs who met the admission criteria from January 2017 to July 2018 were divided into three groups according to the random dig-its table method. They were treated with percutaneous curved vertebroplasty, routine unipedicular PVP and routine bipedicular PVP respectively. There were 25 patients in the percutaneous curved vertebroplasty group, 6 males and 19 females; aged 56-80 years, with an average age of 70.6±9.7 years. Fracture vertebral body distribution: T₁₀ 2 cases, T₁₁ 4 cases, T₁₂ 3 cases, L₁ 9 cases, L₂ 3 cases, L₃ 1 case, L₄ 1 case and L₅ 2 cases. There were 32 patients in the routine unipedicular PVP group, 6 males and 26 fe-males; aged 58-75 years, with an average age of 69.5±9.3 years. Fracture vertebral body distribution: T₁₀ 2 cases, T₁₁ 4 cases, T₁₂ 5 cases, L₁ 11 cases, L₂ 6 cases, L₃ 1 case, L₄ 1 case and L₅ 2 cases. There were 28 patients in the routine bipedicular PVP group, 5 males and 23 females; aged 59-81 years, with an average age of 69.8±8.8 years. Fracture vertebral body distribution: T₁₀ 2 cases, T₁₁ 4 cases, T₁₂ 4 cases, L₁ 10 cases, L₂ 4 cases, L₃ 1 case, L₄ 1 case and L₅ 2 cases. The operation time, injected cement volume, in-traoperative blood loss were recorded and analyzed. Preoperative, postoperative 1 week and 3 months visual analogue scale scores and oswestry disability index were adopted to value the clinical improvements. Preoperative, postoperative 1 week and 3 months relative vertebral height and kyphosis correction, and the cement leakage rate were measured and analyzed. Results: There was no significant difference in the data of gender, age, VAS scores, ODI and distribution of fracture vertebrae among the three groups (P>0.05), and the baseline data was comparable. The average VAS score in the percutaneous curved vertebroplasty group was 2.3±0.5 at 1 week after surgery, that of the routine unipedicular PVP group was 2.4±0.4 and that of the routine bipe-dicular PVP group was 2.4±0.4; the average ODI in the percutaneous curved vertebroplasty group was 19.8%±3.9%, that of the routine unipedicular PVP group was 20.0%±4.1% and that of the routine bipedicular PVP group was 19.9%±3.8%; they were lower than the preoperative data, which were statistically significant (P<0.001). The average relative vertebral height in the percutaneous curved vertebroplasty group was 48.99%±9.23% at 3 months after surgery, that of the routine unipedicular PVP group was 47.11%±10.12% and that of the routine bipedicular PVP group was 46.71%±11.16%; the average kyphosis cor-rection in the percutaneous curved vertebroplasty group was 6.21%±1.94%, that of the routine unipedicular PVP group was 5.22%±2.07% and that of the routine bipedicular PVP group was 5.97%±2.09%; there was 1 cement leakage case in the per-cutaneous curved vertebroplasty group; those of the routine unipedicular PVP group were 4 cases and those of the routine bipe-dicular PVP group were 6 cases; there was no significant difference among the three groups (P>0.05). Operation time 39.10±2.00 min vs 38.70±1.70 min, injected cement volume 3.60±0.11 ml vs 3.50±0.13 ml and blood loss 5.10±0.30 ml vs 5.00±0.40 ml of the percutaneous curved vertebroplasty group and the routine unipedicular PVP group were less than those of the routine bipedicular PVP group, which were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclution Percutaneous curved vertebroplasty could achieve satisfactory clinical outcomes for OVCFs, with advantages of less operation time, less blood loss, limited X-ray expo-sure, less injected cement volume, and more balanced augmentation for stabilization of the affected vertebrae and total verte-bral column.

Objective: To investigate whether γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of thalamic undefined (ZI)-nucleus accumbens (NAc) neural pathways on gastric distraction (GD)-sensitive neuronal firing activity and the impact on food intake, the number of times and the frequency in rats. Methods: Six rats were randomly selected and the neural pathway between ZI and NAc in rat thalamus was observed by fluorescent gold (FG) retrograde tracing method.Eighty-two rats were randomly selected, and the gastric balloon was placed in gastric cavity, the microelectrode was placed in the NAc, and the stimulating electrode was placed in the ZI. The single-cell discharge recording method was used to observe the effect of electrical stimulation ZI on the excitability of GD-sensitive neurons in rat NAc.Eighteen rats were randomly selected and were divided into three groups according to the random number table. They were NS group, GABA group, GABA + GABA receptor antagonist bicuculline (BIC) group with 6 in each group, and the rat NAc was used to embed the cannula. The method of GABA and BIC was injected to observe the changes of cumulative food intake in rats for 4 h. Eighteen rats were randomly selected and randomly divided into three groups: sham stimulation (SS) group, 50 μA electrical stimulation group, 50 μA electrical stimulation + BIC group with 6 in each group. The 4 h cumulative food intake of rats was observed by electro-stimulation of rat ZI and rat NAc injection of BIC. Results: Fluorescent gold retrograde tracking combined with fluorescent immunohistochemical staining showed that there were visible GABA and fluorescent gold double labeled neurons in ZI. Electrical stimulation of ZI, the frequency of GABA-sensitive GD neurons in rat NAc increased significantly (GD-E increase: (78.8±8.4)%, GD-I increase: (89.3±9.2)%, P<0.01), but the inhibitory effect was antagonized by BIC (GD-E increase: (113.8±13.6)%, GD-I increase: (121.8±14.2)%, P<0.01). Microinjection of GABA in rat NAc significantly increased the cumulative food intake for 4 h ((155.72±18.84) kcal, t=3.41, P<0.05), which was antagonized by partial BIC (123.43±15.11) kcal, t=3.28, P<0.05). Electrical stimulation of ZI significantly increased the food intake in rats ((39.07±11.27) kcal, t=2.96, P<0.05), and this effect can be partially antagonized by BIC ((34.17±10.85)kcal, t=2.33, P<0.05). Conclusion The ZI-NAc neural pathway regulates the discharge activity of rat gastric distension (GD)-sensitive neurons and the feeding status of rats, and the GABA receptor signaling pathway may be involved in mediating the process.

Objective To analyze the clinical and genetic features of immunodeficiency,centromeric instability,and facial anomalies (ICF) syndrome with a case report and literature review.Methods The clinical data and genetic test of a girl diagnosed with ICF syndrome in the Department of Nephrology and Immunology in Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital in December 2016 were extracted and analyzed."ICF syndrome" "immunodeficiency,centromeric instability and facial anomalies syndrome" "ICF syndrome and DNMT3B" were used as key words to search Chinese databases and Pubmed for literature until March 2018,and the literature was reviewed.Results A female patient aged 22 months old with ocular hypertelorism and low-set ears was admitted due to recurrent infection over one year.Laboratory tests showed humoral immune deficiency with IgG＜ 1.34 g/L,IgA＜0.060 g/L,and IgM＜0.179 g/L,but normal cellular immunity (total T lymphocyte 0.503,hepler T lymphocyte 0.328,cytotoxic T lymphocyte 0.166,natural killer cell 0.184,total B lymphocyte 0.276).Whole-exome sequencing revealed a de novo heterozygous splice site mutation c.922-2A＞G in intron 8,and a de novo heterozygous missense mutation c.2477G＞A in exon 23 of DNMT3B gene.Chromosome karyotype analysis showed 46,XX,with 64 out of 100 karyotypes showing centromere instability in chromosome 1.Five papers were found which were all in English,with total of 29 patients.Forty-three mutations were reported,including 34 missense,2 deletion,1 insertion,6 splice site mutations.Eleven patients had complex heterozygosis mutations.All patients had centromere instability,humoral immune deficiency and facial dysplasia which were mainly ocular hypertelorism and low-set ears.Most patients had language and motor development delay,and a few were combined with mental retardation.Conclusions ICF syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency with classic clinical triad manifestations.De novo mutation of DNMT3B gene is one of etiologies according to genetic test.

Objective: To investigate the antigenic epitope prediction method of hemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza A (H1N1) virus. Methods: BALB/c mice were conventionally immunized with influenza H1N1 vaccine. The splenocytes from the immunized mouse were fused with SP2/0 mouse myeloma cell line, and then the antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were obtained by screening hybridoma supernatants. ELISA blocking test was used to detect the blocking result of each monoclonal antibody, which was labeled by horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The light and heavy chain variable region genes of each antibody were cloned, the amino acid sites of the antibody-binding HA antigen epitope were predicted by computer simulation. Results: Three hybridoma cell lines of stable secreting anti-H1N1 influenza virus HA protein were obtained.Three mAbs were divided into two categories by ELISA blocking tests, which were divided into two categories according to preliminary results of computer simulation. Conclusions ELISA blocking test and computer simulation prediction can prove each other in predication of the antigenic epitopes of HA protein of H1N1 influenza virus.

Objective To investigate the effects of orexin-A on firing activity of gastric distensionsensitive (GD) neurons in the basomedial amygdala (BMA) and food intake in diet-indaced obese rats.Methods Healthy male Wistar rats were selected,and the diet-induced obesity (DIO) rat model and dietinduced resistant (DR) rat model were established by high-fat diet.The effects of orexin-A and an opioid receptor antagonist naloxone on BMA GD neurons were observed by recording the extracellular potentials of single neurons.The effects of orexin-A and naloxone on the food intake of different rats were observed by using BMA catheterization.The mRNA expression and protein expression of orexin-1 receptor (OX-1R) and μ opioid receptor were detected by real-time PCR and Elisa,respectively.Results After microinjection of orexinA into the BMA,the firing frequency of GD-sensitive neurons in the normal rats was significantly increased (GD-E:(78.3±6.9)％,GD-Ⅰ:(55.5±4.7) ％,P＜0.01),and this effect was completely blocked by OX-1R receptor antagonist SB334867,and naloxone partially blocked the discharge-promoting effect of orexin-A;Compared with the normal rats,the firing frequency of GD-sensitive neurons in the DIO (GD-E:(91.6±7.1) ％,GD-Ⅰ:(67.9±8.1) ％) and DR(GD-E:(87.9±6.8) ％,GD-Ⅰ:(69.2±5.8) ％) rats was significantly increased after BMA injection of orexin-A (P＜0.05).After administration of orexin-A into the BMA,food intake of the normal rats,DIO rats and DR rats ((2.38±0.34) g,(3.75 ±0.32) g,(4.01 ±0.38) g,respectively) was significantly increased (P＜0.01),and the food intake of DR and DIO rats were significantly higher than that of normal rats (P＜0.05).After BMA was injected with naloxone,the food intake of rats was inhibited,and the food intake of the DIO rats was significantly lower than that of the DR rats (P＜0.05),food intake of the DR rats was significantly lower than that of the normal rats (P＜0.05).The results of real-time PCR showed that the mRNA levels of OX-1R in DIO and DR rats were(5.85±0.45)and (6.03±0.42)were higher than that of normal rats,and the difference was significant (P＜0.05);and mRNA levels of μ-opioid receptors in DIO and DR rats((4.51±0.42) and (8.31±0.41) times) were higher than those in normal rats (P＜0.05).The results of Elisa showed that the protein levels of OX-1R in DIO ((2.98±0.28) ng/μl)and DR rats ((3.05±0.31) ng/μl) were higher than those in normal rats ((1.53±0.31) ng/μl,P＜0.05).The content of μ-opioid receptor protein in DR rats ((4.21±0.35) ng/μl) was higher than that of DIO rats ((2.77±0.27) ng/μl),and higher than that of normal rats((1.48±0.32) ng/μ),the difference was significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion BMA orexin-A promotes the spontaneous discharge of GD-sensitive neurons and food intake in normal rats,DIO rats and DR rats,μ-opioid receptors may be involved in the regulation of this process.