Bladder cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the urinary system.Currently,the clinical treatment options for bladder cancer mainly include surgery,chemotherapy,radiotherapy,immunotherapy,targeted therapy,photodynamic therapy,combination therapy,etc.The conventional treatment and administration strategies for bladder cancer primarily depend on the tumor stage and the extent of metastasis.However,in the process of non-surgical treatment,drugs lack specificity and targeting.Once the dosage is improperly controlled,drugs will damage normal cells when attacking cancer cells,which will lead to poor efficacy and multiple side effects.Nanomedicine is an emerging interdisciplinary field that utilizes nanomaterials and technologies in nanomedicine to provide disruptive technologies for traditional treatments,with advantages such as targeted delivery and high efficiency with low toxicity.Many nanotechnologies have become hot topics in clinical research in the field of medicine.Functionalized nanoparticles can actively or passively target specific cells within target organs,such as bladder cancer cells,by altering their surface properties,thereby enhancing drug delivery precision,reducing damage to normal cells,and improving treatment efficacy.This article provides an overview of the progress in classical and novel treatment approaches to bladder cancer,with a particular focus on the potential applications and future development directions of nanotechnology in the treatment of bladder cancer,providing important reference for personalized therapy and clinical translation in bladder cancer.

Circular RNA (circRNA) is a kind of RNA with a circular structure. The unique structure of circRNA endows it with various cell biological functions and characteristics. It has become a research hotspot recently. CircRNA can play a role via mechanisms, such as microRNA (miRNA) sponge, RNA binding protein, peptide translation and regulation of gene transcription. CircRNA was found to be associated with disc degeneration, spinal cord injury, scoliosis, and facet arthritis. Some techniques, including bioinformatics and molecular biology techniques, microarray and high-throughput sequencing, can be used to predict and to discover disease-related circRNA, aiming to evaluate whether circRNA can be used as a molecular biomarker for spinal and spinal cord diseases. Based on the current role of circRNA, the corresponding therapeutic strategies have been carried out in experimental animals, which can provide theoretical basis for gene therapy. At present, the researches in circRNA for spinal and spinal cord diseases are still insufficient compared with those in other fields. Currently, the main direction focuses on the miRNA sponge mechanism of circRNA. Due to the variety of diseases in spinal surgery, the research progress of circRNA is also varied. In addition, the development of microarray and high-throughput sequencing technology have greatly promoted the researches in circRNA. The availability of public database is of great significance in the study. The present review summarized the current researches status of circRNA in spinal and spinal cord diseases, aiming to deepen understanding of circRNA in spinal and spinal cord diseases.

Objective: To conduct a preliminary evaluation for the usability of Carelink remote monitoring system by clinical physician. Methods: A total of 215 patients received cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIED) with Carelink remote monitoring function from 12 hospitals in China between 2012-01 and 2013-10 were prospectively enrolled. The patient's mean age was (62.3±14.3) years including 108 male and 107 female. There were 54 physicians completed questionnaire survey. Based on the type of CIED, the patients were divided into3 groups: PM (pace maker) group,n=110, ICD (implantable cardioverter defibrillator) group,n=54 and CRT (cardiac resynchronization therapy) group,n=51. The patients received routine hospital visit at 3 months of CIED implantation and meanwhile, they performed device data transmission at 3 and 6 months of Carelink remote monitoring. The time physician spent to evaluate data was collected at 3 months and the questionnaire survey was completed by physician at 6 months after CIED implantation. Results: All 54 physicians felt that Carelink remote monitoring system was simple to operate and easy to use. There were 147 patients ifnished hospital visit at 3 months after CIED implantation, the mean time for physician to evaluate data was (14.8±8.4) min; 150 patients ifnished Carelink remote monitor at 3 months after CIED implantation, the mean time for physician to evaluate data was (8.2 ±4.6) min,P<0.0001.Conclusion: Carelink remote monitoring system was easy to use, it may save time in follow-up study which with high satisfaction in clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the cause of cardiac perforation and tamponade during cardiac catheterization and intervention and to evaluate the effectiveness of the emergency treatment for tamponade in our hospital. METHODS: The clinical data from 23, 319 patients who received diagnostic catheterization or therapeutic procedures were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Cardiac perforation and cardiac tamponade were observed in 22 of the 23, 319 patients during catheter procedures. It includes 1 in coronary artery angiography, 9 in percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty, 3 in diagnosis, 2 in congenital heart disease intervention, 2 in pacemaker implantation, 2 in atrial fibrillation ablation and the other 3 in coronary revascularization. The occurrence of cardiac perforation in 11 patients was related to puncture of the interatrial septum and/or the procedure in the left atrial procedure and 2 were related to high pressure injection. Seventeen patients were found cardiac tamponade in the process of catheterization, and 5 were found at 2-14 h after operation. Pericardiocentesis and pericardial catheter drainage were performed in 20 patients and 11 of them succeeded. Among the other 11 patients, 7 were successfully saved by thoracotomy and 4 died. CONCLUSION Cardiac tamponade is a severe and fatal complication that may occur in different catheter procedures. Early prevention and diagnosis and performingperi cardiocentesis and drainage timely are critical to reduce the mortality.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; adverse effects ; Cardiac Catheterization ; adverse effects ; Cardiac Tamponade ; etiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Heart Injuries ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pacemaker, Artificial ; adverse effects ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively evaluate the efficacy of stent-delayed implantation in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with high thrombus burden after thrombus extraction was performed. METHODS: Of 186 consecutive AMI patients, 56 were included according to thrombus score(TS)>or=2, and then were divided into 2 groups based on the thrombus score after thrombus extraction was executed: the stent-direct implantation group (TS=0 or 1)and the stent-delayed implantation group (TS>or=2) even if 3 times thrombus extraction were given. Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction(TIMI)flow grade and TIMI myocardial perfusion (TMP) were used to assess the coronary artery flow and myocardial perfusion,respectively. RESULTS: TIMI score in the stent-direct implantation group was lower than that in the stent-delayed implantation group. There was no significant difference(P=0.07). TMP score in the stent-direct implantation group was significantly lower than that in the stent-delayed implantation group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Stent-delayed implantation can remarkably improve myocardial perfusion in AMI patients with high thrombus burden after thrombus extraction and intensive anti-thrombosis therapy is administrated.
Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Coronary Thrombosis ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Stents ; Suction ; Thrombectomy ; methods ; Time Factors

Objective To investigate the effect of prostaglandin E1(PGE1) on the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and its possible mechanism. Methods Endothelial cells were incubated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL group) in the presence or absence of prostaglandin E1. The level of MCP-1 in the supernatants was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the expression of MCP-1 mRNA in cultured endothelial cells was detected by in-situ hybridization and the protein expression of NF-κB was analyzed by Western blot. Results Compared with ox-LDL(100 μg/ml),PGE1 markedly lowered the levels of MCP-1[(0. 327±0. 051),(0. 214±0. 213),(0. 247±0. 228)pg/ml vs. (0. 655±0. 013)pg/ml], inhibiting the expression of MCP-1 mRNA [(0. 061±0. 008), (0. 033±0. 006),(0. 026±0. 004)A/μm2 vs. (0. 220±0. 032)A/μm2] in the cultured HUVECs in a dosedependent manner (0. 001, 0. 01, 0.1 mol/L). Western blot analysis demonstrated that the amount of NF-κB p65 was attenuated after treatment with prostaglandin E1 for 24 hours. Conclusions Prostaglandin E1 can downregulate the expressions of MCP-1 and NF-κB induced by ox-LDL in HUVECs, which may thereby defend the blood vessel endothelial cell function.

0.05) were obtained. There were no access site bleeding complications in TRCA group as opposed to 7.2% in TFCA group ( P

Objective To demonstrate the effect on platelet aggregation rate (PAR) and clinical outcomes of tirofiban in patients undergoing emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and to evaluate its safety. Methods Thirty patients presenting with STEMI and had received emergency PCI were enrolled into the tirofiban group. By means of matching, another 30 patients who received elective PCI during the same period from September 2005 to March 2006 were enrolled as the control in the 2nd Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. Patients in the tirofiban group received tirofiban infused at 10 ?g/kg within 3 minutes as bolus 10-30 minutes pre-operation followed by infusion at 0.15 ?g/(kg?min) for 36 hours. The control group received the same dosage of placebo. All patients received intravenous heparin and oral ADP receptor antagonist and aspirin. PAR, incidence of 7 and 30 days composite end point events (death, persistent myocardial ischemic, reinfarction and target vessel revascularization) and bleeding complications were observed in both groups. Results Compared with the control group, the tirofiban group showed a decrease in PAR (19?8)% vs (54?7)%, P

OBJECTIVETo introduce an operation for fingertip reconstruction.

METHODSThe vascularity of the reverse dorsal island flap is augmented by performing an arteriovenous anastomosis between the dorsal vein in the flap and a digital artery at the fingertip. The flap was used in ten patients for reconstruction of their fingertip defects.

RESULTSAll the ten flaps survived and the appearance was good.

CONCLUSIONThe method is easy except for the necessity of performing standard microvascular surgery. The flap is a good option for repairing fingertip defects.

Objective　The aim of this study was to approach the effects of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and stenting on QT dispersion (QTd) in patients with coronary heart disease. Methods　PTCA and stenting were performed successfully on 42 patients with coronary heart disease. QTd and corrected QTd (QTcd) were obtained with a standard 12-lead ECG before and after PTCA+ Stent. Results　QTd and QTcd after PTCA+Stent were reduced significantly compared to those before PTCA+Stent (P<0.01). There were no significant difference in QTd and QTcd before PTCA+Stent between single vessel lesion and multi-vessel lesion, but after PTCA+Stent, QTd and QTcd in single vessel lesion were decreased significantly compared to those in multi-vessel lesion. The ventricular arrhythmia in 9 patients was over after PTCA+Stent. Conclusions　QTd and QTcd were decreased significantly after PTCA+Stent because of the improvement of myocardial ischemia and heterogeneous repolarization in patients with coronary heart disease. The degree in decreasing QTd and QTcd was associated with compensatory circulation in coronary artery.